Merge branch 'notes': the Notes App

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EhqxQ49eCju4CzKYNjZzwT
F1 plan: Notes ships as v0.10.0
2026-10-06 10:11:31 +02:00 · 2026-10-06 10:11:31 +02:00 · 2026-10-06 10:08:10 +02:00 · 2026-10-06 10:08:10 +02:00 · 2026-10-06 09:29:38 +02:00 · 2026-10-06 09:03:50 +02:00
157 changed files with 15146 additions and 191 deletions
@@ -4,3 +4,8 @@

 # Private signing keys never belong in the repository (ADR 0003)
 *key.pem
+
+# Generated by pioarduino's hybrid compile from custom_sdkconfig (platformio.ini)
+.dummy/
+managed_components/
+sdkconfig.*
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ _Avoid_: daemon, task, driver
 The Service that keeps the device participating in a mesh network at all times: receiving, relaying, and sending on behalf of Apps.
 _Avoid_: radio, LoRa app

+**Radio Service**:
+The Service that owns the LoRa radio on the Cap: it configures it, shares the SPI bus with the SD card, and receives in the background. The LoRa Scanner uses it directly; the Mesh Service sits on top of it.
+_Avoid_: LoRa driver, modem
+
 **Mesh Protocol**:
 One on-air language the Mesh Service can speak (Meshtastic first; others may follow). The Mesh Service speaks Mesh Protocols; Apps don't.
 _Avoid_: stack, mode
@@ -40,16 +44,36 @@ _Avoid_: DM (in docs), private message
 Rebroadcasting another Node's packet so it travels further across the mesh.
 _Avoid_: forwarding, repeating

+**Capsule**:
+A Gemini site: everything served by one host on Geminispace.
+_Avoid_: site, server (when the content is meant)
+
+**Saved Page**:
+A Gemini page kept on the SD card to read offline, with the URL it came from and when it was saved. Kept until the user deletes it; Storage Clean-up never offers it.
+_Avoid_: cache, download (a download is a non-text file saved from Gemini)
+
+**GNSS Service**:
+The Service that owns the GNSS receiver on the Cap: it reads its NMEA sentences in the background and holds the current Fix, position, time and satellites.
+_Avoid_: GPS (GPS is one constellation among several)
+
+**Fix**:
+What the receiver currently knows: none, 2D (position without altitude) or 3D (with altitude), from how many satellites, at what HDOP.
+_Avoid_: lock, signal
+
+**Track**:
+A route recorded from GNSS positions to a GPX file on the SD card, started and stopped by the user.
+_Avoid_: trace, log (a Log is recorded on its own)
+
 **Wi-Fi Service**:
 The Service that owns the Wi-Fi radio. It's always in exactly one mode: *Off*, *Connected* (joined to a Saved Network) or *Monitoring* (passively observing). When Wi-Fi is enabled in Settings, it stays Connected whenever a Saved Network is in range. It goes Monitoring only while Wi-Fi Tools needs it, then reconnects.
 _Avoid_: network manager

 **Saved Network**:
-A Wi-Fi network the device may join on its own (name, password). When several are in range, the strongest wins.
+A Wi-Fi network the device may join on its own: its name, its password, and how it gets its address, *Automatic* (DHCP) or *Fixed* (an address, a prefix and an optional gateway typed in Settings). When several are in range, the strongest wins.
 _Avoid_: profile, known network

 **IRC Service**:
-The Service that keeps the IRC connection alive in the background once the IRC App has started it, until the user disconnects. It reconnects after drops, and pauses while the Wi-Fi Service is Monitoring. It does not start by itself after a reboot.
+The Service that keeps the IRC connection alive in the background once the IRC App has started it, until the user stops it (`/quit`, or `irc stop` on the console). Once stopped by hand, opening the App again doesn't reconnect; typing a line does. It reconnects after drops, and pauses while the Wi-Fi Service is Monitoring. It does not start by itself after a reboot.
 _Avoid_: IRC client (that's the App)

 **Buffer**:
@@ -99,10 +123,22 @@ Data the user explicitly starts recording, such as Wi-Fi packet captures and LoR
 _Avoid_: dump, log

 **Storage Warning**:
-The Notification raised once per boot when the SD card passes 80% full. Selecting it opens Storage Clean-up.
+The Notification raised once per boot when the SD card passes 80% full. It points at the Storage App, where Maintenance holds Storage Clean-up.

 **Storage Clean-up**:
-The screen where the user deletes old Logs and Captures by category and age, with a preview of the space freed. Notes are never offered for deletion.
+The screen where the user deletes old Logs and Captures by category and age, with a preview of the space freed. Notes are never offered for deletion. It lives in the Storage App, under Maintenance.
+
+**Note**:
+A plain text file in `/notes`, written on the device in the Notes App. Listed by its first line. Saved without being asked; never offered by Storage Clean-up.
+_Avoid_: memo, document
+
+**Storage App**:
+The App that browses the SD card: folders and files, a clipboard for one item at a time (copy, cut, paste), rename, delete, new folder, and a viewer for each kind of file the firmware writes. The top-level folders, `/gemini/cache` and files being written are read-only.
+_Avoid_: file manager, Files, explorer
+
+**Maintenance**:
+The part of the Storage App that deletes in bulk: the card's usage, Storage Clean-up and erasing the card. Reached through a warning.
+_Avoid_: Settings > Storage

 **Firmware Update**:
 Installing a new firmware image without a USB cable: pushed over Wi-Fi from the developer's PC, or read from the SD card.
@@ -139,6 +175,7 @@ _Avoid_: telnet, remote shell
 - The **Mesh Service** speaks one or more **Mesh Protocols** and tracks the known **Nodes**.
 - The **Wi-Fi Service** is either Connected or Monitoring, never both. Monitoring pauses the **IRC Service**, which reconnects and rejoins its **Buffers** afterwards.
 - **Services** raise **Notifications**; the **Status Bar** summarises **Service** state.
+- The **Radio Service** owns the radio; the **Mesh Service** and the LoRa Scanner use it.
 - A **Sweep** pauses the **Mesh Service**; a **Sniffer** does not.
 - Every transmission is bounded by the **Region** and its **Duty Cycle Budget**.
 - Past 90% SD usage, **Logs** stop being written; the remaining space is kept for **Captures**. Nothing is deleted without the user's confirmation.
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ scripts/ci.sh

 This runs the host-side unit tests (`test/`, `native` environment), then builds the firmware. The output is `.pio/build/cardputer-adv/firmware.factory.bin`.

+The framework is rebuilt with the TLS settings in `platformio.ini` (`custom_sdkconfig`, ADR 0006), so the first build after a fresh checkout takes about 4 minutes; later builds take under a minute.
+
 ## Flash

 1. Connect the Cardputer by USB-C.
@@ -52,6 +54,69 @@ To install from the SD card instead, copy the `.ota` file from `.pio/build/cardp

 **The private key** lives in `~/.config/roro9stack/ota-key.pem` and must never be committed. If it's lost, generate a new pair and flash once over USB.

+## Networks without DHCP
+
+Each Saved Network gets its address automatically (DHCP) or has a Fixed one (docs/milestones/S1.md): in Settings > Wi-Fi, Enter on a network opens its page, where "IP address" switches between Automatic and Fixed, with an address, a prefix length (24 is 255.255.255.0) and an optional gateway. Switching to Fixed starts from what the network is giving the device at that moment. The setting is checked and applied when you leave the page. IPv4 only.
+
+"DNS and NTP" on the same screen holds two DNS servers (9.9.9.9 and 1.1.1.1 by default), used on Fixed networks, or on every network with "Always use my DNS"; and two NTP servers (pool.ntp.org and time.cloudflare.com), used after any the network's DHCP offers. Enter on "Status" shows what's in use and where each value came from.
+
+## System
+
+The System App (docs/milestones/S1.md) shows what the device is doing, live and read-only, in any build. Tab moves between five views:
+
+- **Overview:** each core's load, free memory, network traffic, battery, uptime and chip temperature, and both cores' load over the last two minutes.
+- **Tasks:** every FreeRTOS task with its core, its share of a core over the last second, and the least stack it ever had left (in the warning colour under 512 bytes). `s` sorts by share, stack or name.
+- **Memory:** free heap, the lowest since boot and the largest free block, with two minutes of free heap drawn against the three memory floors (55, 40 and 20 KB).
+- **Network:** the connection, then for IRC, Gemini, the Debug Console and Firmware Updates the bytes read and written since boot and what's moving now. For TLS connections these are the bytes the service sees, without the encryption overhead.
+- **System:** what `info` prints, plus the battery, the SD card with its write faults, the radio and the GNSS receiver.
+
+It samples once a second and keeps its history only while it's open.
+
+## Gemini
+
+The Gemini App browses Geminispace (docs/milestones/G1.md): Tab and Shift+Tab pick a link, Enter follows it, Back returns (to where the page was scrolled), Space pages down, `g` types an address. Certificates are trusted on first use; a changed one stops the page and asks.
+
+On a page, `b` bookmarks it, `s` saves it to the SD card to read offline (a non-text file goes to `/gemini/downloads/`), `S` saves it with the pages it links to on the same capsule (up to 30). The start page lists bookmarks and Saved Pages; inside a Saved Page, `r` refreshes it and `d` deletes it. With a card, every page streams through `/gemini/cache/` so a large one arrives whole even with IRC connected; what doesn't fit in memory stays on the card.
+
+## LoRa Scanner
+
+The LoRa Scanner (docs/milestones/M3.md) listens with the Cap's radio and **never transmits**. The Sniffer lists what it hears, newest first: time, RSSI, SNR, and for Meshtastic packets the sender and receiver (their last 4 hex digits) and hops. Enter shows a packet's details: the Meshtastic header (which is never encrypted) and a hex dump. `p` picks one of the 7 Meshtastic presets allowed in EU868 (LongFast by default), `c` starts or stops a Capture: a pcap file with LoRaTap headers in `/captures/lora/`, for Wireshark. A Capture keeps recording with the App closed; otherwise the radio sleeps when the App isn't open. Tab switches to **Sweep**: the signal strength across 863–870 MHz in 100 kHz steps, as bars with peak hold and a waterfall, with the Sniffer's frequency marked; the Sniffer is paused meanwhile and picks up where it was. The GNSS receiver on the same Cap raises the radio's noise floor by 8 dB while it runs: Settings > "Pause GNSS for LoRa" (off by default) puts it in standby while the radio listens, except during a Track. The Status Bar shows `L` while the radio listens (bright for a moment on each packet), `SW` while sweeping, and `CAP` while capturing.
+
+## Storage
+
+The Storage App (docs/milestones/F1.md) shows what's on the SD card: each folder's entries with their size and date, folders first. Enter opens a folder, Back goes up; `s` sorts by name, date or size. It works on one item at a time, with a clipboard:
+
+| Key | Does |
+|---|---|
+| `c` / `x` | Copies or cuts the selected file or folder; the footer shows what `v` would paste |
+| `v` | Pastes it into the folder shown. A copy next to its original is named `name (2).txt`; anything in the way is asked about first |
+| `r` | Renames |
+| `d` | Deletes, after saying what's inside: "Delete saved and its 42 files (1.2 MB)?" |
+| `n` | Makes a folder |
+| `i` | Details: type, exact size, date, and why an item is read-only if it is |
+
+A copy runs in the background of the card (about 400 KB a second) in short turns, so Logs and Captures keep being written; it shows its progress, Back cancels it and takes back what was copied, and each file's size is checked afterwards. Three things can't be changed: the top-level folders the firmware keeps its files in (what's inside them can), `/gemini/cache`, and any file being written right now (today's IRC Logs, a Track or a Capture being recorded). The App says why when it refuses. A folder with more than 256 entries shows the first 256 by name and says so.
+
+Enter on a file opens it by type; Tab switches to the same file as a hex dump or as text:
+
+- **Text** (`.txt`, `.log`, `.gmi`, `.csv`, and anything that looks like text): only the screen's worth is read from the card, so a file of any size opens at once. Logs open at the end. Up and Down move a line, Left and Right a page, `t` and `b` go to the top and the end, `e` edits it (up to 16 KB, see Notes).
+- **Captures** (`.pcap`): the packets as the LoRa Scanner lists them; Enter shows one with its Meshtastic header and bytes.
+- **Tracks** (`.gpx`): the number of points, the start, the duration and the distance.
+- **Update Files** (`.ota`): the version, and whether the file would install: it's checked as an install checks it (signature and contents) without writing anything. Enter then installs it.
+- **Anything else:** a hex dump.
+
+At the top of the card the last row, **Maintenance** (also `m`), holds the card's usage, Storage Clean-up and "Erase SD card", behind a warning: those delete for good. It replaces Settings > Storage.
+
+## Notes
+
+The Notes App (docs/milestones/F1.md) keeps plain text notes in `/notes` on the SD card. The list shows each note's first line and its date, newest first; `s` switches to by file name. `n` starts a note, Enter opens one, `r` renames its file, `d` deletes it after asking.
+
+In the editor, type. Enter starts a line, Del deletes backwards, Fn with the arrows moves the cursor through the wrapped text, Ctrl+A and Ctrl+E go to the start and the end of the line, Tab types two spaces, and the Compose Key gives accents as everywhere. **There's no save key:** the note is written five seconds after the last key, on Back, on leaving the App, when the screen turns off and before the device powers off. The top line says "typing" or "saved". Each save writes a temporary file and then puts it in the note's place, so a power cut costs a few seconds of typing and never the note; if a save was cut short, opening the note offers its copy back.
+
+A new note has no file until something is typed; its file is then named after its first line (`shopping-list.txt`), or `note-<date>-<time>.txt`.
+
+A note holds up to 16 KB while it's edited. A bigger text file opens read-only in the Storage App (editing any size is issue #47). The Storage App's text viewer has `e` to edit a file with the same editor, anywhere on the card, unless the file is read-only.
+
 ## Development aids

 `scripts/serial_log.sh [seconds] [command…]` records the serial output, and can send commands to the firmware first. For example, `scripts/serial_log.sh 30 short sleep:12 burst` sets short screen timeouts, waits 12 s, then sends a burst of Toasts.
@@ -63,21 +128,40 @@ To install from the SD card instead, copy the `.ota` file from `.pio/build/cardp
 | `sound on` / `sound off` | Toggles the Sound setting (beep + LED) |
 | `short` / `normal` | Screen timeouts 5 s / 10 s, or 30 s / 60 s |
 | `wifi add <ssid><TAB><password>` | Adds a Saved Network (so credentials stay out of the repo) |
+| `wifi ip <ssid> dhcp` / `wifi ip <ssid> <address>/<prefix> [gateway]` | A Saved Network's IP setting: Automatic, or Fixed. Debug Builds: add `try <seconds>` to go back to the previous setting unless `wifi ip keep` follows |
+| `wifi dns <a> [b]` / `wifi dns always on\|off` / `wifi ntp <a> [b]` | DNS servers (used on Fixed networks, or always), and NTP servers |
 | `log <text>` | Appends a line to a test IRC Log (`/irc/dev/#test/<date>.log`) |
+| `sd card` | What the SD card says it is: type, size, and its identity register (maker, name, revision, serial, date) |
 | `sd list` | Lists the files of each Storage Clean-up category |
+| `sd fill <folder> <count>` | Debug Builds: makes that many small files in a folder, to test a crowded one |
 | `cat <path>` | Prints the first ~1.2 KB of a file on the SD card |
 | `irc start` | Starts the IRC Service (normally done by opening the IRC App) |
+| `irc stop` | Stops it, as `/quit` does: QUIT if connected, no more retries, and the App stays disconnected until you type |
+| `gemini get <url>` | Fetches a Gemini page and prints its header, size, certificate fingerprint and heap use |
+| `gemini trust <host> <port> <sha256>` | Pins a certificate by hand (the Gemini App asks when one changes) |
 | `irc say <buffer> <text>` | Types into a Buffer, commands included (`irc say 0 /join #test`) |
 | `irc dump` | Prints IRC status, memory, and the last lines of each Buffer |
-| `wifi status` | Prints Wi-Fi state, network, signal, clock and free heap |
-| `info` | Firmware, uptime, last start reason, memory, Wi-Fi, and both app slots with their versions and OTA states |
-| `tasks` | FreeRTOS tasks: state, priority, lowest free stack, CPU share |
+| `wifi status` | Prints Wi-Fi state, network, signal, clock and free heap, then the address, gateway, DNS and NTP servers in use and where each came from |
+| `info` | Firmware, uptime, last start reason, memory, Wi-Fi, the SD card and its write faults since boot, and both app slots with their versions and OTA states |
+| `tasks` | FreeRTOS tasks over the next second: state, priority, lowest free stack, share of a core, each core's load, and how many passes the main loop made |
+| `net` | Bytes each network service has read and written since boot |
 | `reboot` / `boot other` | Restart, or restart into the other app slot (a manual Rollback) |
 | `log level <0-5>` | ESP-IDF log level |
-| `ls [folder]` / `rm <path>` | Lists a folder of the SD card, or deletes a file |
+| `ls [folder]` / `du <path>` | Lists a folder of the SD card with sizes and dates, or counts the files and bytes under a path |
+| `cp [-f] <from> <to>` / `mv [-f] <from> <to>` / `rm <path>` / `mkdir <path>` / `cancel` | What the Storage App does, with its rules: copy (folders too), move or rename, delete (a folder with what's in it), new folder. `-f` replaces a file that's in the way; a tab separates paths that hold spaces; `cancel` stops a copy or a delete |
 | `install <path>` | Update from SD with that `.ota` file, as Settings → Firmware does |
+| `lora probe` | Finds the radio: chip, oscillator, antenna switch, DIO1 interrupt, noise floor |
+| `lora status` | Radio settings, who's listening, packet and error counters, noise floor, task stack |
+| `lora rx on` / `lora rx off` | Listens and prints each packet on the console |
+| `lora preset <name>` / `lora custom <MHz> <BW kHz> <SF> <CR> <sync hex> [preamble]` | Receive settings: a Meshtastic preset, or anything else (`lora custom 868.1 125 7 5 34 8` for LoRaWAN) |
+| `lora capture start` / `lora capture stop` | A LoRa Capture, as `c` in the App |
+| `lora sweep on [from MHz] [to MHz] [step kHz]` / `lora sweep off` / `lora sweep dump` | Sweep a band (863 870 100 by default), with a summary every 2 s (floor, strongest, peaks), or print the latest pass |
+| `gnss quiet on` / `gnss quiet off` | The "Pause GNSS for LoRa" setting |
+| `lora noise test [gnss\|quiet]` / `lora noise report` | Debug Builds: Sweep under one changed condition at a time to find what raises the noise floor (Wi-Fi goes off for a few seconds); then the result |
+| `lora inject <hex> [rssi] [snr]` | Debug Builds: a packet into the Scanner as if received (nothing is sent) |
 | `crash` | The last crash: which firmware, why, task, PC and backtrace (from the core dump in flash) |
 | `coredump erase` | Forgets the core dump |
+| `loop spin on` / `loop spin off` | Debug Builds: make the main loop spin without resting, to compare load and radio noise |
 | `crash abort` / `crash wdt` | Debug Builds: crash on purpose, or hang the main loop until the watchdog fires |
 | `help` | Lists the commands |

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Name,   Type, SubType, Offset,  Size, Flags
+nvs,      data, nvs,     0x9000,  0x5000,
+otadata,  data, ota,     0xe000,  0x2000,
+app0,     app,  ota_0,   0x10000, 0x330000,
+app1,     app,  ota_1,   0x340000,0x330000,
+spiffs,   data, spiffs,  0x670000,0x180000,
+coredump, data, coredump,0x7F0000,0x10000,
@@ -9,3 +9,7 @@ A fork would give full compatibility on day one, but its architecture is built a
 - We accept partial Meshtastic compatibility at first: text on channels, Direct Messages, node list, position and relaying.
 - The phone-app (BLE) API and PKI-encrypted Direct Messages are deferred, and we must re-implement protocol details ourselves.
 - Multi-boot with stock Meshtastic via a launcher was rejected: it gives none of our own UX.
+
+## Note (2026-10-04, M2)
+
+NMEA is parsed by our own small, host-tested parser instead of TinyGPSPlus: the GNSS App's Sky view needs the satellite list (GSV) across several constellations, which TinyGPSPlus doesn't track. See docs/milestones/M2.md, Q66.
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # A Debug Console over Wi-Fi, in Debug Builds only

-The goal of Firmware Updates is to manage the device without a cable, and that includes finding out what went wrong. So a **Debug Build** (`cardputer-adv-debug`, `-DRORO_DEBUG`, version suffix `+debug`) adds a **Debug Console** on TCP 2323: the serial console, over Wi-Fi. A client sends a token as its first line, then gets the last 6 KB of console output (boot messages included), every new line live, and runs the same commands as the serial port, plus a few that only make sense remotely. ESP-IDF's own log lines are teed into it.
+The goal of Firmware Updates is to manage the device without a cable, and that includes finding out what went wrong. So a **Debug Build** (`cardputer-adv-debug`, `-DRORO_DEBUG`, version suffix `+debug`) adds a **Debug Console** on TCP 2323: the serial console, over Wi-Fi. A client sends a token as its first line, then gets the last 4 KB of console output (boot messages included), every new line live, and runs the same commands as the serial port, plus a few that only make sense remotely. ESP-IDF's own log lines are teed into it.

 It's compiled out of release builds entirely, rather than switched off by a setting. A console that runs commands is a remote control: in a release build, nothing listens.

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ It's compiled out of release builds entirely, rather than switched off by a sett
 - **Console, not Serial.** All human-readable output goes through `console`, which writes to the USB port and, in a Debug Build, to a ring buffer the Debug Console drains. Writes never wait for USB: a host that's attached but not reading used to stall the main loop for up to 2 s per line.
 - **Commands run on the main loop.** The socket lives on the Debug Console's own task, which only queues command lines. The main loop runs them, as it does serial commands, so they touch Apps and Services from the one task allowed to.
 - **The token** is 128 random bits in `~/.config/roro9stack/debug-token`, made by the first build and passed into the container. It's never committed; a Debug Build refuses to compile without one. Like the OTA key, it guards against the network, not against someone holding the device.
- **One client at a time**, to keep memory flat (about 6 KB for the ring, 6 KB of task stack).
+- **One client at a time**, to keep memory flat (4 KB for the ring since M2, 6 KB of task stack).
 - **Binary commands are answered on the console's own task**, not queued: `get`/`put` (SD card files, run as one Storage Service job each so card access stays on the storage task, with TCP doing the flow control), `screenshot` (the 32 KB RGB332 frame the UI composes into, read as it stands, so it may tear), `coredump get` and `reset`. These keep working when the main loop is stuck. A failed `put` closes the connection, so the rest of the file is never read as commands.

 ## Keep a Debug Build in the fallback slot
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# The framework is rebuilt with our own SDK settings, for smaller TLS buffers
+
+Arduino-ESP32 ships its ESP-IDF libraries prebuilt, with one `sdkconfig` for every ESP32-S3 board. Its TLS settings give every connection a 16 KB receive buffer and a 16 KB send buffer for its whole life. On a device with no PSRAM and about 340 KB of RAM, an IRC connection over TLS left a 12.6 KB low in M2, against a 40 KB floor.
+
+Those settings are compiled into the libraries, so changing them means rebuilding them. pioarduino supports this as a "hybrid compile": `custom_sdkconfig` in `platformio.ini` lists the settings, and the build regenerates the framework's libraries from ESP-IDF (the same 5.5.5 the prebuilt ones come from) before building the app. We set:
+
+- `MBEDTLS_ASYMMETRIC_CONTENT_LEN`, with 16 KB to receive (servers send full TLS records) and **4 KB to send** (IRC lines are short): 12 KB less per connection.
+- `MBEDTLS_DYNAMIC_BUFFER`, `DYNAMIC_FREE_CONFIG_DATA`, `DYNAMIC_FREE_CA_CERT`: buffers allocated when needed, and handshake-only data (the CA chain) freed once connected.
+
+The rebuild also follows the board definition instead of the generic one: PSRAM support is off (the Cardputer ADV has none) and the flash size is 8 MB.
+
+## Consequences
+
+- With IRC connected over TLS, a Debug Build has 78 KB free and a 59 KB low (it was 31 KB and 12.6 KB), and 46 KB at the lowest under the heaviest combined load measured (IRC, two refused installs, a 1.6 MB put and get).
+- The first build after a fresh checkout, or after changing `custom_sdkconfig`, takes about 4 minutes instead of 45 s: it downloads ESP-IDF into the PlatformIO volume and compiles it. Later builds reuse it.
+- Everything the firmware depends on was checked in the regenerated `sdkconfig`: app rollback, core dumps to flash (ELF), the 5 s task watchdog, FreeRTOS run-time stats, the certificate bundle.
+- The project now owns its partition table (`default_8MB.csv`, identical to the framework's), which the hybrid build requires. Changing it would break updates over the air: the app slots must stay where they are.
+- Generated files (`sdkconfig.*`, `managed_components/`, `.dummy/`) are ignored by git.
+- A TLS server that sends records over 16 KB would still fail, as before; one that needs us to send records over 4 KB would now fail. Neither happens with IRC.
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Our own copy of the SD driver, for one missing byte
+
+Arduino-ESP32's `SD` library talks to the card over SPI through `sd_diskio.cpp`. That driver gives up on a write without saying why, and about once in 1,500 multi-block writes it gave up on one that had worked (issue #21). A 1.7 MB upload failed about three times in ten; before M3, the retry on top of it then filled the gap with zeros.
+
+The cause, measured with a driver that records where it stops: after the "Stop Tran" token that ends a multi-block write, a card takes about a byte of clock to signal busy. The driver deselects, selects again, and reads one byte to see whether the card is ready. Read too early, that byte is 0xFF, "ready"; the status check (CMD13) then goes out while the card is still programming, and its answer (0xFF, 0x1F) is taken for an error. Every failure seen was this one: all blocks accepted, then a status that isn't one. ChaN's reference driver, which FatFs ships as its example, sends a dummy byte after selecting the card for this reason. Arduino's doesn't.
+
+PlatformIO links the framework's library objects directly, so one file can't be replaced from `src`. A project library with the same name takes its place: **`lib/SD` is Arduino-ESP32 3.3.12's SD library (Apache-2.0), with `sd_diskio.cpp` changed** and the other files as they came. The changes are marked `roro:`:
+
+- A dummy byte after selecting the card, before the ready test, and one after Stop Tran.
+- Each place a write gives up records the step and the card's answer (`sd_fault.h`): `info` shows the count, and the Debug Console's `put` prints the detail.
+
+Halving the SPI clock to 10 MHz didn't change the failure rate, so the card stays at 20 MHz.
+
+## Consequences
+
+- 30 uploads of 1.7 MB in a row, each read back and compared by SHA-256, ten of them with the LoRa radio listening on the same bus: no write fault. Before: 3 failures in 10.
+- Every writer gains: Logs, Tracks, Gemini pages, Saved Pages, Captures and Update Files installed from the card all go through this driver, and none of them checked.
+- **The copy has to follow the framework.** When the platform is updated, compare `lib/SD` with the new `libraries/SD` and carry the `roro:` changes over. If upstream fixes the ready test, drop the copy. Reported as [arduino-esp32#12970](https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/issues/12970); issue #39 follows it.
+- One more defect was read in the code and left alone, because nothing here exercises it: the driver tests the card's answer to a data block against 0x0A and 0x0C, values it can't take (accepted is 0x05, CRC error 0x0B, write error 0x0D), so a block rejected for a CRC error is never resent. No such rejection was seen in any failure. If `DataToken` faults ever show in `info`, that's the next fix.
+- A fault is now counted and explained instead of silent, so the next cause, if there is one, starts with evidence.
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+# F1 — Files and Notes
+
+**Status:** in progress. The Storage App (issue #3) shipped as **v0.9.0** on 2026-10-06. Notes (#19) shipped as **v0.10.0** the same day. The card as a USB drive (#1) comes after.
+
+**Goal:** get at what's on the SD card from the device itself: browse it, look inside the files the firmware writes, copy, move, rename and delete, and keep notes. A side milestone, like G1 and S1; Files and Notes were M3's original second half (Q30, Q89).
+
+## The Storage App (issue #3)
+
+Until now the card could be looked at only through the Debug Console (`ls`, `get`, `put`), and Settings > Storage could only delete whole categories by age.
+
+**On the card today:** six top-level folders, `irc`, `wifi`, `updates`, `gnss`, `gemini` and `captures`. No `notes` yet; settings are in flash, not on the card.
+
+### Decisions (design round 2026-10-06)
+
+| # | Decision |
+|---|---|
+| Q128 | An App of its own, **Storage**, in the Launcher. **Settings > Storage goes away:** its usage figures, Storage Clean-up and "Erase SD card" move into the App, under **Maintenance**, behind a warning that these delete things for good. |
+| Q129 | A row shows the name, then the size or "folder", then the date modified. Folders first, then by name; `s` cycles the sort (name, date, size). The top line shows the path and the card's free space. |
+| Q130 | Nothing is hidden. **Read-only:** `/gemini/cache`; any file the firmware has open right now (today's IRC log, a Track or Capture being recorded, a file being received); and the top-level folders themselves, which can't be renamed or deleted though their contents can. **Everything else, the user's own data included, can be renamed, moved or deleted**, always after a confirmation. |
+| Q131 | One item at a time, with a clipboard: Enter opens; Back goes up, and leaves the App at the top; `c` copy, `x` cut, `v` paste into the current folder; `r` rename; `d` delete; `n` new folder; `i` details. |
+| Q132 | Copy, move and delete work on folders too, recursively. The confirmation says what's inside: "Delete *saved* and its 42 files?". |
+| Q133 | A copy is a job on the storage task in 4 KB pieces, with a progress Toast; Back cancels it. It checks free space first and asks before replacing anything. **Afterwards the sizes are compared**, not the contents: the driver is trusted since v0.6.1 (ADR 0007). A move within the card is a rename. |
+| Q134 | Viewers by type. **Text** (`.txt`, `.log`, `.gmi`, `.csv`, `.gpx`, and anything that looks like text): read from the card as you scroll, so size doesn't matter; logs open at the end. **`.pcap`:** the LoRa Scanner's packet list. **`.gpx`:** a summary (start, duration, points, distance), Tab for the text. **`.ota`:** version, size, whether the signature is valid; Enter installs through Update from SD. **Anything else:** a hex dump. |
+| Q135 | No editing: that comes with Notes (#19). |
+| Q136 | A listing holds **up to 256 entries**, packed, about 10 KB; a bigger folder shows the first 256 by name and says how many more there are. The App refuses to open below the memory floors (Q86). |
+| Q137 | **The Clock also sets the system time**, so files are dated correctly with GNSS alone and not only after NTP. A file dated before 2020 shows "-". |
+| Q138 | Console: `cp`, `mv` and `mkdir`, next to `ls` and `rm`. |
+| Q139 | Left out, each with its issue: selecting several items (#41), finding files by name (#42), opening a `.gmi` in the Gemini App (#43), a table view for `.csv` (#44), images (#45). |
+| Q140 | Ships as **v0.9.0** when done and checked. |
+
+### Done when
+
+- The Storage App lists any folder of the card with sizes and dates, sorted three ways, and says so when a folder has more than 256 entries.
+- A file can be copied, moved, renamed and deleted, and a folder too; a new folder can be made. Each destructive action asks first; a copy shows progress and can be cancelled.
+- The read-only rules of Q130 hold, with a reason given when something is refused.
+- Each viewer of Q134 opens its type, and a 1 MB text file scrolls without loading whole.
+- Maintenance shows the card's usage and does what Settings > Storage did, behind its warning; Settings no longer has a Storage row; the Storage Warning points at the Storage App.
+- A file written with only a GNSS Fix (no Wi-Fi) is dated correctly.
+- Free heap stays above the floors with the App open, Wi-Fi and IRC on TLS.
+
+### Work breakdown
+
+1. **Model** (host-tested): paths and names, the read-only rules, the packed listing and its sorts, file types, sizes and dates for display, the GPX summary.
+2. **Card operations:** listing a folder, copy, move, delete (recursive, counted), new folder, as storage jobs with progress and cancel; `cp`, `mv`, `mkdir`; the Clock sets the system time.
+3. **The App:** browsing, the clipboard, dialogs, details.
+4. **Maintenance:** usage, Clean-up and Erase moved in from Settings, with the warning.
+5. **Viewers:** text, hex, `.pcap`, `.gpx`, `.ota`.
+6. **Checks on the device**, recorded here.
+
+### As built
+
+- **`FileOps`** (`src/services/file_ops`) does the card's work for the App and for the console alike: list, count, copy, move, delete, new folder. One operation at a time on the storage task, **in turns of about 150 ms** that queue themselves again, so Log lines and a Capture are written in between. The rules of Q130 are checked there, whoever asks.
+- **A listing reads the folder straight from FatFs.** Through the Arduino `File`, every entry was looked up by name again for its size and again for its date: 329 entries took over two seconds. One pass now, and it's there before the screen has redrawn. Counting, copying and deleting still walk with `File`; they show progress and can be stopped.
+- **A copy shows its progress in a box in the App**, not a Toast (Q133): it has a bar and says Back cancels. A cancelled or failed copy deletes what it had written. The copy gets today's date, like `cp`.
+- **The viewers** (`src/apps/file_viewer`, models in `lib/files`): text through `TextPager`, which reads about a kilobyte around the screen and wraps at spaces, 38 columns; going back a line wraps the paragraph before again, so a file reads the same in both directions. A `.pcap`, a `.gpx` and an `.ota` are read through once by a storage job, in the same 150 ms turns. An Update File is fed to the installer's own parser with a sink that writes nothing, so "would it install" is the same answer an install gives.
+- **Tab** in a viewer shows the same file as hex, or as text (not in Q134).
+- **Maintenance** is the last row at the top of the card, and `m` anywhere in the App. It's the old Settings > Storage page behind a dialog.
+- **The Storage Warning** was only ever a Toast; "selecting it opens Storage Clean-up" (CONTEXT.md) was never built. It now reads "SD card over 80% full: see Storage".
+- **Console:** `cp`, `mv`, `mkdir` (Q138), and `rm` and `du` through the same code, so `rm` now takes folders and follows the rules; `ls` shows dates. Debug Builds: `sd fill <folder> <count>` makes test files.
+
+### Checks on the device (2026-10-06, v0.8.1-2 Debug Build)
+
+All in a scratch folder, `/f1test`, removed afterwards.
+
+| Check | Result |
+|---|---|
+| Host tests | 424 pass (411 before the viewers' models) |
+| Browsing | Folders first, sizes and dates, the three sorts; a 300-file and a 329-file folder show "first 256 of 300" and "of 329" |
+| New folder, rename, copy, cut and paste, delete | Each works on a file and on a folder; a copy next to its original is named `(2)`; a name in the way asks "Replace it?" |
+| A folder of 11 files, 8.4 MB, copied | 19.4 s, 435 KB/s, the bar moving; two Log lines queued meanwhile were written |
+| The same copy cancelled at 1.8 MB | "Cancelled: nothing was copied", and nothing was left behind |
+| Delete | 341 files in 9.7 s; the dialog had counted them first |
+| Read-only rules | `/irc`, `/gnss` (top-level folders), `/`, `/gemini/cache` and a folder made inside it, a folder into itself, a name with `:`; a Capture being recorded and the folder holding it; a folder under `/irc` while IRC runs. Each refused with its reason; the Capture could still be copied |
+| Text | A 1 MB log opens at its last line at once; top, pages, lines; a file without an extension that looks like text opens as text |
+| Hex | A 5 KB binary file; Tab from any other viewer |
+| `.pcap` | A LoRa Capture: 3 packets as the Scanner lists them, Enter shows the Meshtastic header and bytes |
+| `.gpx` | 400 points: start, 33 min 15 s, 4.68 km; Tab shows the text |
+| `.ota` | A signed file: version, "intact", "older than what's running", Enter asks to install (not confirmed). A tampered one: "image corrupted (hash mismatch)" |
+| Maintenance | The warning, then usage, Clean-up's categories and Erase (not run) |
+| Date with GNSS only | NTP pointed at an address that doesn't answer, restart: the Clock came from the Fix, and a folder made then is dated 2026-10-06 08:39. A Track from the day before, written the same way by v0.8.1, shows "-" |
+| Memory | IRC connected, the App open on 256 entries: 61 KB free (70 KB before opening). Lowest since boot 29.7 KB, during IRC's TLS handshake |
+| Stacks | `storage` 3.1 KB free of 6 KB at worst, `loopTask` 1.5 KB |
+
+**Not checked by hand:** how the keys feel on the device itself; everything above was driven through the Debug Console's `key` command and screenshots.
+
+**One slip during the checks:** a scripted key sequence ran in the wrong folder and renamed `/gemini/saved` to `saved2`, then copied it to the top of the card. Both were put right at once (renamed back, the copy deleted; 7 files, 53,798 bytes, as before).
+
+**Found on the way:** a panic at Wi-Fi join, there since v0.7.0 (SNTP started twice, issue #46). Fixed in v0.9.0.
+
+## Notes (issue #19)
+
+Plain text notes on the SD card, written on the device. Q30 settled the base: `.txt` files in `/notes`, created, edited and deleted from the device, never offered by Storage Clean-up.
+
+### Decisions (design round 2026-10-06)
+
+| # | Decision |
+|---|---|
+| Q141 | A **Notes** App in the Launcher. One row per note: its first line as the title, then the date. Newest first; `s` switches to by name. `n` new, Enter opens, `d` deletes after a confirmation, `r` renames the file. |
+| Q142 | A new note's file name is never typed: it comes from the first line when the note is first saved (`shopping-list.txt`), or `note-20261006-0919.txt` if that line is empty. It doesn't change afterwards unless the note is renamed. |
+| Q143 | **Autosave, no "discard changes?" prompt:** five seconds after the last key, on leaving the note or the App, and when the screen turns off. A save writes a temporary file and renames it over the note, so a power cut loses the last few seconds at most. A temporary file left behind is offered back at the next open. |
+| Q144 | The whole note is in memory while it's edited, up to **16 KB**. A bigger text file opens read-only in the Storage App's viewer. The App refuses to open below the memory floors (Q86). **Editing files of any size must come in a later release: issue #47.** |
+| Q145 | The editor wraps at spaces, 38 columns by 8 rows, with a line for the name and the state. Enter is a new line, Del deletes backwards, Fn+arrows move (the Text Entry rule), Ctrl+A and Ctrl+E go to the start and the end of the line, Tab types two spaces, Back saves and returns. The Compose Key works as elsewhere. |
+| Q146 | The Storage App's text viewer gets `e`: edit this file with the same editor, for a text file up to 16 KB that isn't read-only. That lifts Q135 without Apps opening each other (#43 stays). |
+| Q147 | The list is flat: the files directly in `/notes`. Sub-folders are reached through the Storage App. |
+| Q148 | UTF-8, LF line ends; a file with CRLF is saved back with LF. Characters the font lacks are kept on save. |
+| Q149 | Left out, each with its issue: editing files of any size (#47), searching inside notes (#48), undo (#49), selecting and copying text (#50). |
+| Q150 | Ships as **v0.10.0** when built and checked on the device. |
+
+### Done when
+
+- A note can be started, typed with accents, left and found again in the list under its first line; renamed; deleted after a confirmation.
+- What's typed is on the card five seconds after the last key, and after Back, Home, or the screen turning off, without a prompt.
+- Pulling the power while typing loses a few seconds at most, and the note is never left empty or half-written.
+- The cursor moves by character and by line through wrapped text, and the screen follows it; a 16 KB note edits without lag.
+- A note at 16 KB refuses more text and says so; a bigger file opens read-only.
+- `e` in the Storage App's text viewer edits a file; a read-only one is refused with its reason.
+- Free heap stays above the floors with a 16 KB note open and IRC connected.
+
+### Work breakdown
+
+1. **Model** (host-tested): the text buffer with its cursor, wrapping and scrolling; file names from first lines.
+2. **The editor on the device:** loading, drawing, keys, autosave through a temporary file, recovery.
+3. **The Notes App:** the list with titles, new, rename, delete.
+4. **`e` in the Storage App.**
+5. **Checks on the device**, recorded here.
+
+### As built
+
+- **`NoteText`** (`lib/notes`, host-tested) is the text, its cursor and the screen around it. A line owns the space or the newline it ends with, so every byte is on exactly one line and the cursor has one place for each. **No index of lines is kept:** a note of newlines alone would need twice its own size for one. Where a line starts is worked out from the start of its paragraph.
+- **One buffer, 16 KB, for as long as the editor is open.** It's reserved when the note is opened, the file is read straight into it, and typing never makes it grow. On this device a failed allocation is an abort, and with IRC connected the largest free block is about 31 KB whatever the total says: the first version read the file into one string and copied it into another, and opening a full note with IRC connected restarted the device. The editor now also refuses to open without a free block of 24 KB.
+- **`NoteEditor`** (`src/apps/note_editor`) is shared by the Notes App and the Storage App's `e`. A save runs on the storage task while the main loop waits for it: no second copy of the note, and at 16 KB the wait is a fraction of a second at a moment when nobody has typed for five.
+- **A save** writes `<note>.tmp`, checks its size, deletes the note and renames the temporary file (FAT can't rename onto a file). A cut between the last two steps leaves only the `.tmp`: the Notes list puts such a file back under its name. A `.tmp` next to its note is an unfinished save: opening the note offers it.
+- **Titles** in the list are read from the card for the eight rows on screen, when the list moves.
+- **Before powering off**, the firmware now leaves the foreground App (`PowerService::beforePowerOff`), which makes the editor save.
+- Shift or Alt with Fn+Up and Fn+Down moves a page (not in Q145).
+
+### Found on the way
+
+- **The screen could go "off" for one tick after a key sent through the Debug Console**, and the next key was then swallowed as a wake-up: the `key` command stamps the power timer from `millis()`, the power tick compares with its pass's older time, and the unsigned difference read as 49 days idle. The same shape as #46. Fixed in `PowerPolicy::update` with a test. Keys from the keyboard were never affected. It explains remote keys "lost" in earlier sessions.
+- **`scripts/rdbg.py` held back piped lines** written while it was still connecting, until the next line came (a buffered `readline()` behind `select()`). Fixed.
+
+### Checks on the device (2026-10-06, Debug Build of branch `notes`)
+
+Test notes were made in `/notes` and removed afterwards; the folder is left, empty.
+
+| Check | Result |
+|---|---|
+| Host tests | 439 pass |
+| A first note | "No notes yet", `n`, typed three lines: the top line says "typing", then "saved" five seconds after the last key, under `shopping-list.txt`. 63 keys in a row all arrived |
+| Leaving | Back saves and returns to the list, which shows the note under its first line. Home in the middle of a new note saved it as `ideas.txt` |
+| The cursor | Down, Right, an insertion in the middle of a line; the screen scrolls through a note of about 230 lines |
+| A power cut | Typed, waited seven seconds, typed more and restarted the device at once (`reset`): the note has what was saved, whole, and not the last keys |
+| An unfinished save | A `.tmp` next to its note: "Unsaved copy... Keep the note / Use the copy"; using it brings its text back and saves it. A `.tmp` alone was put back under its name when the list opened |
+| 16 KB | A note of exactly 16,384 bytes opens and scrolls; one more character: "This note is full: 16 KB". A file of 16,398 bytes: "Too big to edit: 16 KB at most" |
+| Rename, delete, sort | `r` renamed `orphan.txt` to `orphan2.txt`; `d` asked, then deleted; `s` switched between newest first and by file name |
+| `e` in the Storage App | A note opened from the text viewer, edited, saved on Back; the listing shows its new size |
+| Memory | IRC connected, the full 16 KB note open: 55 KB free, largest block 31.7 KB (72 KB free before opening) |
+
+**Not checked:** accents through the Compose Key and Ctrl+A / Ctrl+E (the remote `key` command can't send them; the model's tests cover both), the power button's save (it needs a hand on the device), a missing card, and how typing feels on the keyboard itself.
+
+**One slip during the checks:** a key sequence sent right after a restart opened IRC instead of Notes, and the test letters went into IRC's input line. Nothing was sent: the line was cleared and the App left. IRC connected to Libera as it does when opened.
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# G1 — Gemini client
+
+**Status:** done, tagged v0.5.0. Every step was checked on the device; reading Saved Pages with Wi-Fi off was checked by hand (2026-10-05).
+
+**Goal:** browse Geminispace from the Cardputer: fetch and read gemtext over TLS, follow links, answer input prompts, keep bookmarks, and save pages to the SD card to read later, offline. A side milestone between M2 and M3, tagged v0.5.0 when done.
+
+Gemini (geminiprotocol.net): one request per TLS connection on port 1965, the request is the URL and CRLF, the response a `<status> <meta>` header line, then the body. Most capsules use self-signed certificates: trust on first use is the norm.
+
+## Decisions (design round 2026-10-05)
+
+| # | Decision |
+|---|---|
+| Q70 | A milestone of its own, **G1**, before M3: plan, tests first, measured on the device, tagged v0.5.0. |
+| Q71 | **TOFU:** the first certificate seen for a host is pinned (SHA-256, in NVS). If it changes, the page isn't shown; a dialog shows both fingerprints and asks whether to trust the new one. Self-signed or expired certificates are fine; only a change counts. |
+| Q72 | Responses: 1x input (11 hidden, for passwords), 2x content, up to 5 redirects (3x), 4x/5x errors with the server's message. 6x (client certificates): "not supported". |
+| Q73 | `text/gemini` is rendered, other `text/*` shown as plain text. Anything else can be saved to `/gemini/downloads/`, not shown. |
+| Q74 | Up to **64 KB on screen**, larger pages truncated with a notice. Saving streams to the card, so a larger page is saved whole. |
+| Q75 | Gemtext rendering: text wrapped to the 40-column screen; `#`/`##`/`###` headings in bold and accent; `*` lists with bullets; `>` quotes indented and muted; preformatted blocks unwrapped, Left/Right to scroll; `=>` links with their label, numbered. |
+| Q76 | Up/Down scroll; Tab and Shift+Tab move between links; Enter follows; Backspace goes back; `g` opens the address line. Links to other protocols show their URL and aren't followed. |
+| Q77 | Back history of 20 URLs in RAM, with scroll positions; going back refetches (or reopens a Saved Page). **Bookmarks** in `/gemini/bookmarks.gmi` (a gemtext page, shown on the start page); `b` adds the current page. Without a card, a built-in start page. |
+| Q78 | Start page: bookmarks, then Saved Pages, then defaults: geminiprotocol.net, a search engine (kennedy.gemi.dev), an aggregator (Cosmos; Antenna was down when measured). |
+| Q79 | UTF-8 decoded; characters outside the Latin-1 fonts shown as `?`. |
+| Q80 | IRC and Gemini can run together: each fetch opens one connection, reads and closes it. If there isn't memory for a second TLS connection, the fetch fails with a clear message and IRC is untouched. Measured in step 1. |
+| Q81 | Debug aid: `gemini get <url>` prints the status, MIME type, size, certificate fingerprint and the first lines. URL resolution (RFC 3986), the response header and gemtext parsing are host-tested. |
+| Q82 | `s` saves the page on screen as a **Saved Page**: `/gemini/saved/<host>/<path>.gmi`, the gemtext as received plus a first line with its URL and save date. Saving again replaces it, and says so. |
+| Q83 | `S` saves the page and the pages it links to, one level deep: gemtext only, same host only, at most 30 pages, in the background with a progress Toast. |
+| Q84 | The start page lists Saved Pages, newest first, grouped by capsule; they open with no network. In a Saved Page, a link to another Saved Page opens the saved copy; other links fetch online if Wi-Fi is up, or say "not saved, offline". A Saved Page shows when it was saved; `r` refreshes it. |
+| Q86 | *Decided after step 1, revised after Q88.* **Two floors:** free heap stays above 40 KB in steady state; a fetch refuses to start below **55 KB** free ("not enough memory: stop IRC or retry"). The firmware's own allocations during a fetch (a page in RAM, a window) keep 20 KB free. With IRC connected, the TLS connection itself can briefly take the heap lower, depending on the server's record sizes: measured 24, 19.5, 15.5 and **13 KB**. *Accepted:* about 12 KB for a moment during a fetch with IRC up, rather than refusing most fetches (a 70 KB start floor) or dropping IRC's connection for each page. |
+| Q87 | *Decided in step 3.* **With a card, every page streams to `/gemini/cache/page.gmi`** in 1 KB pieces while its TLS connection is open; once the connection closes and its ~45 KB is back, the page is loaded into RAM as far as the 40 KB floor allows. The whole page stays on the card (Saved Pages copy it). Without a card, the page goes straight to RAM under the same two floors. Pages are held as lines in 4 KB chunks, never one large block (the largest free block with IRC connected is about 31 KB). |
+| Q88 | *Added after step 6.* **A page bigger than memory allows is read from the card as you scroll.** Opening it, one pass over its file counts the lines, records where every 64th starts (and whether it's inside a preformatted block), and loads the first window. Scrolling near either end of the window reads the next or previous one in the background, keeping the line on top of the screen where it is; the scrollbar follows the whole page. Display pages alternate between two cache files, so the one on screen is never overwritten by the next fetch; background jobs use a third. |
+| Q85 | Saved Pages are deleted from the App only (`d`, with confirmation), never by Storage Clean-up's age rules, like Notes. |
+
+## Measured (step 1)
+
+- `gemini://geminiprotocol.net/`: `20 text/gemini`, 1,184 bytes, TLS handshake 0.7–1.1 s, whole fetch 0.7–1.1 s; kennedy.gemi.dev 1.9 s. The fetch task's stack peaks at about 3.6 KB of 6.
+- **Heap, Debug Build, IRC connected over TLS:** about 68 KB free before a fetch. After the handshake the fetch holds about 32 KB (36–40 KB left); the handshake itself (certificate chain parsed with the 16 KB receive buffer allocated) dips to about **24 KB** for a second or two. Nothing leaks: the heap after matches the heap before.
+- **Step 3, Cosmos (31.6 KB) with IRC connected:** first stopped at 4.6 KB (RAM only, the transfer's 20 KB floor). Streamed to the card: the whole page on the card, 20 KB of it loaded, lowest free heap 19.5 KB during the transfer and 43 KB once loaded. Without IRC: the whole page in RAM. Redirects (Cosmos `31`), input (`10`), not found (`51`) and a changed certificate (refused, both fingerprints shown) all checked on the device.
+- **Steps 4–6 on the device:** Project Gemini and its relative links, Back with the scroll restored, a refused YouTube link; `b` bookmarks, `s` saves (and says when it replaced an older copy), `S` saved 6 of 6 pages, the start page lists both; a Saved Page opens from the card with its origin, its saved links open saved copies, `r` refreshes, `d` asks first; Kennedy's input prompt sent "cardputer" and got 87 results; emoji drawn as `?`.
+- **A bug found there:** refreshing first loaded the whole Saved Page into RAM just to read its origin, next to the App's copy and a TLS connection: the heap fell to 436 bytes. Now only the first line is read, and every fetch (pages, saves, refreshes) checks the 55 KB start floor. Lowest since boot afterwards: 53.8 KB.
+- **Windowed pages (Q88), Cosmos with IRC connected:** 226 of 419 lines in memory at first; paging down loaded lines 192–419 in one window, scrolling back up loaded 64 onwards, then 0 onwards. Window budgets count the memory the old window gives back.
+- **Heap during a fetch with IRC connected:** lowest 13–15.5 KB in later runs (24 and 19.5 KB earlier), the TLS receive buffers varying with the server's records. Accepted (Q86, revised).
+- Antenna (`warmedal.se`) doesn't answer, from the PC either; the default aggregator becomes Cosmos (`gemini://skyjake.fi/~Cosmos/`, which redirects to `cosmos.skyjake.fi`).
+
+## Done when
+
+- `gemini get gemini://geminiprotocol.net/` prints the header, size and fingerprint on the console.
+- The Gemini App opens the start page, follows links (relative ones included), goes back, and follows redirects.
+- An input prompt (e.g. a search) takes a query and shows the results.
+- A changed certificate stops the page and asks.
+- `s` saves a page, `S` a page and its links; with Wi-Fi off, Saved Pages open and their saved links work.
+- Bookmarks are added with `b` and listed on the start page.
+- With IRC connected over TLS, a fetch still works, and the free heap stays above 40 KB.
+
+## Work breakdown
+
+1. **Two TLS connections:** measure the heap with IRC connected while a Gemini fetch runs.
+2. **Parsers** (host-tested): URL parsing and relative resolution, the response header, gemtext lines.
+3. **Fetch** on its own task, with TOFU and `gemini get`.
+4. **Gemini App:** rendering, scrolling, links, history, the address line.
+5. **Input prompts, redirects, bookmarks, downloads.**
+6. **Saved Pages,** then saving with linked pages.
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# M2 — GNSS
+
+**Status:** done on the device (branch `m2`): every "Done when" item below is met.
+
+## Measured
+
+- **Cold start** (`$PCAS10,2`) to a 3D Fix, by a window: **73 s**, 5 satellites used of 8 in view. A restart of the ESP32 alone keeps the receiver's Fix (the Cap stays powered).
+- By a window: 3D Fix from GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou, up to 14 of 17 satellites used, HDOP 1.0–1.3.
+- **Heap, Debug Build, GNSS on, IRC on TLS** (floor 40 KB; v0.2.1 had a 79 KB low):
+
+  | | Free | Lowest |
+  |---|---|---|
+  | Start of M2 | 31 KB | 12.6 KB |
+  | Stacks and buffers trimmed by measurement | 46 KB | 18 KB |
+  | mDNS removed | 54 KB | 34 KB |
+  | Framework rebuilt with smaller TLS buffers (ADR 0006) | **78 KB** | **59 KB** |
+
+  Under the heaviest combined load measured (IRC, two refused installs, a 1.6 MB put and get), the low is 46 KB. The cost had come mostly from the OTA and Debug Build work, not GNSS. Stacks were set to measured peak plus about 2 KB (loop 6 KB, update 5, storage 6, irc 6); after a TLS handshake the irc task has 1.7 KB left. IRC can now be stopped by hand (`/quit` in any state, `irc stop`), which frees its TLS memory.
+
+**Goal:** the device knows where it is and what time it is without a network: a GNSS Service in the background, a GNSS App with the position and a sky view of the satellites, the clock set from satellites when there's no NTP, and Tracks recorded to the SD card.
+
+**Hardware:** the Cap LoRa-1262 carries an ATGM336H-6N (AT6668), multi-constellation (GPS, BeiDou, Galileo, GLONASS, QZSS), with a ceramic antenna. NMEA over UART, 115200 8N1. **Measured (step 1, `gnss probe`): RX GPIO 15, TX GPIO 13, 115200 8N1**, as in Meshtastic's board file; M5Stack's page names GPIO 8 and 9, which are the internal I2C bus the keyboard controller sits on. Output is NMEA 4.10 style: `GN` RMC, VTG and GGA, one GSA per constellation with the system ID (1 GPS, 2 GLONASS, 3 Galileo, 4 BeiDou, 5 QZSS) in its last field, and a GSV sequence per constellation and signal (`GP`, `GL`, `GA`, …) with the signal ID last. RMC carries a time even without a Fix (status `V`), so only a Fix makes it trustworthy.
+
+## Decisions (design round 2026-10-04)
+
+| # | Decision |
+|---|---|
+| Q58 | Settings has a GNSS On/Off switch, **On by default**. Off puts the receiver in standby. *Measured:* `$PCAS12,<seconds>` (CASIC) stops its output within a second, for up to at least 65535 s, and any command wakes it within a second; Off sends `PCAS12,65535` (renewed hourly), On sends a hot start, `PCAS10,0`. |
+| Q59 | The **GNSS App** has two views, switched with Tab. *Position*: latitude, longitude, altitude, speed, course, Fix (none / 2D / 3D), satellites used and in view, HDOP, UTC time. *Sky*: the satellites placed by azimuth and elevation, coloured by constellation, filled when used in the Fix. |
+| Q60 | "Radar" in M2 means the Sky view. A radar of other Nodes by distance and bearing needs the mesh: M4. |
+| Q61 | The **Status Bar** shows a GNSS mark: absent when off, muted while searching, normal with a 2D Fix, with the satellite count with a 3D Fix. |
+| Q62 | GNSS time **sets the clock once there's a Fix**, and refreshes it every 10 minutes. *Revised in step 3:* the clock's trust order from M0 (Mesh < NTP < GNSS) already ranks GNSS above NTP, which is right: GNSS time is at least as accurate. So GNSS also corrects a clock NTP set, not only an unset one. |
+| Q63 | A **Track** is started and stopped in the GNSS App. It's written as GPX to `/gnss/tracks/<YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS>.gpx`, a point every 5 s when the position moved more than 5 m. It keeps recording with the App closed, with a Toast on start and stop and a Status Bar mark, and gets its own Storage Clean-up category. |
+| Q64 | Coordinates in **decimal degrees plus the Maidenhead locator**; a Settings switch for degrees, minutes and seconds. Metric units only. |
+| Q65 | **The position never leaves the device in M2.** Sharing it over the mesh, and at what precision, is decided in M4. |
+| Q66 | **Our own NMEA parser**, host-tested: RMC, GGA, GSA and GSV, with each talker ID mapped to its constellation. TinyGPSPlus (named in ADR 0001) doesn't track the satellite list across constellations, which the Sky view needs. |
+| Q67 | The receiver keeps its **defaults** (all constellations, 1 Hz). No receiver settings. Time to first fix is measured and recorded here. |
+| Q68 | Debug aids: `gnss status`, and `gnss nmea on/off` to stream the raw sentences to the console (USB serial and Debug Console). Raw NMEA is never written to the card. |
+
+**Lesson (step 3):** the first probe also tried the pins swapped, driving the receiver's output line from the ESP32 for about a second. The receiver then went silent until a full power cycle (an ESP32 restart doesn't cut the Cap's power). Never drive GPIO 15.
+
+## Done when
+
+- The GNSS Service reads NMEA in the background whatever App is on screen, and a 3D Fix appears outdoors.
+- The GNSS App shows the Position and Sky views, both live.
+- The Status Bar shows the GNSS mark per Q61.
+- With no Wi-Fi, the clock is set from GNSS after the first Fix.
+- A Track records while the App is closed, survives the screen turning off, and opens as valid GPX on the PC.
+- Settings → GNSS Off stops it (and the Status Bar mark goes away); On brings it back.
+- Free heap stays above about 40 KB with GNSS, Wi-Fi, IRC on TLS and the UI running.
+
+## Work breakdown
+
+1. **Hardware check:** a `gnss probe` command reads the candidate UART pins and reports which carries NMEA, at what baud rate, and which talker IDs. Then the standby command (Q58) and a first time to first fix.
+2. **NMEA parser** (host-tested): checksum, RMC, GGA, GSA, GSV across constellations, merged into one GNSS state (Fix, position, time, satellites).
+3. **GNSS Service:** UART on its own task, the parser, `gnss status` and `gnss nmea`, Settings On/Off.
+4. **Clock from GNSS** (Q62), and the Status Bar mark (Q61).
+5. **GNSS App:** Position view, Maidenhead and coordinate formats (host-tested), then the Sky view.
+6. **Tracks:** the 5 s / 5 m rule and GPX writing (host-tested), background recording, Clean-up category.
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# M3 — Radio bring-up: the LoRa Scanner
+
+**Status:** done, tagged v0.6.0. Everything was checked on the device except one "Done when" item: Sweep was never tried against a known transmitter (see below). The listening hour heard nothing, so by Q104 **a reference Meshtastic node is a requirement for M4**.
+
+**Goal:** the LoRa radio on the Cap works, receive only: a Radio Service owns it and shares the SPI bus with the SD card safely, and a LoRa Scanner App shows what's on the air, either packets (Sniffer) or energy across the band (Sweep). Nothing in M3 can transmit. The mesh comes on top of this in M4 (receive) and M5 (transmit).
+
+**Hardware:** the Cap LoRa-1262 carries an SX1262 (868–923 MHz, +22 dBm) with an RP-SMA antenna. Pins, as in Meshtastic's board file for the Cardputer ADV: **NSS 5, RST 3, DIO1 (IRQ) 4, BUSY 6**, on the SPI bus shared with the microSD card (SCK 40, MISO 39, MOSI 14; card CS 12). Meshtastic uses DIO2 as the RF switch and DIO3 for a 1.8 V TCXO, marked optional. M5Stack's page adds an FM8625H antenna switch enabled by P0 of a PI4IOE5V6408 I/O expander on the internal I2C bus, address not given; Meshtastic doesn't mention it. Step 1 measures which is true.
+
+**No other LoRa device yet.** meshmap.net (2026-10-05) lists two Meshtastic nodes within 10 km of the desk and six within 30 km, with positions blurred by a few km; none is known to be in range. M3 needs none: it only receives.
+
+## Measured
+
+- **Internal I2C bus (8/9):** 0x18 (ES8311 codec), 0x34 (TCA8418 keyboard), **0x43 (PI4IOE5V6408, ID register 0xA2)**, 0x69 (BMI270 IMU).
+- **The SX1262 answers** on NSS 5, RST 3, DIO1 4, BUSY 6. Its version string reads `SX1261 V2D 2D02`, which SX1262 chips report too. **The 1.8 V TCXO works** on the first try; the radio is ready 38 ms after `begin`.
+- **The expander's P0 connects the antenna; it's required.** At power-on P0 is an input (direction 0x00, high-impedance 0xFF), and the receiver reads a flat **-111.9 dBm** at 869.525 MHz, BW 250 kHz: the chip's own floor, deaf. With P0 driven high, the noise floor is **-87 to -94 dBm**: the antenna hearing the room. So the Radio Service drives P0 high at boot (Q91).
+- **DIO2 doesn't change reception** (within ±2 dB over three runs, P0 high). It likely selects TX versus RX in the FM8625H; it stays the RF switch, as in Meshtastic.
+- **The noise floor at the desk is high** (-87 to -94 dBm, varying run to run), about 25 dB above thermal noise for 250 kHz. Something nearby is loud, possibly the Cardputer itself or the PC; Sweep (step 5) should show where it sits.
+- **Step 2:** presets, frequencies and the channel hash are checked against Meshtastic's source (`MeshRadio.h`, `RadioInterface.cpp`): LongFast and the default key give hash 8, MediumFast 31, as Meshtastic shows. Captures were checked with TShark 4.2.5: every LoRaTap field reads back. Wireshark ignores the spec's quarter-dB packet RSSI below 0 dB SNR, so packet RSSI is plain dBm.
+- **Step 3:** the DIO1 interrupt works (a 100 ms receive timeout wakes the task after 105 ms). While listening: four 1.7 MB uploads and Gemini pages to the card, no radio or card errors (the card refuses a write about once in five uploads with the radio asleep too; `put` now catches it, and issue #21 follows the cause). The ring takes 9.8 KB while listening; the radio task's stack peaks at 2.0 KB.
+- **No packets yet, and a loud desk.** Twenty minutes on LongFast and on LoRaWAN's three uplink frequencies (SF7, SF9, SF12): no packet and no header, valid or not. The noise floor reads -83 to -94 dBm, against -112 dBm with the antenna switched off: 20 to 30 dB lost to something nearby, not the screen and not the GNSS receiver. Preamble detections are false alarms at this noise level (more on an empty frequency, 869.0 MHz, than on LongFast).
+- **Step 4:** a Capture made on the device reads back in TShark field for field (time, frequency, SF, RSSI, SNR, payload). A Capture keeps the radio listening with the App closed; stopping it puts the radio back to sleep.
+- **Step 5:** a pass across 863–870 MHz (71 steps, the strongest of three RSSI readings at each, measured at 125 kHz) takes about 607 ms. At the desk the band is **flat at -100 to -102 dBm**, about 15 dB above the chip's own floor at 125 kHz, with a steady carrier at 863.2 MHz (-89 dBm at its strongest) and fainter lines elsewhere: broadband noise from nearby electronics rather than a transmitter. Sweep's waterfall takes 2.6 KB while shown; 91.9 KB free during a Sweep. The radio task's stack peaks at 1.9 KB.
+- **Outside, on battery (step 6).** The noise is no lower than at the desk: a Sweep floor of -96 to -99 dBm (median -97) with Wi-Fi on, -99 to -100 with Wi-Fi off, so Wi-Fi accounts for 2 or 3 dB. The same narrow peaks come back on every pass, at 863.2, 863.6, 864.4, 864.8, 865.9, 866.3, 867.8, 869.0 and 869.4 MHz (-88 to -91 dBm), several of them 400 kHz apart; 869.4 MHz is the lower edge of LongFast's channel. A source that follows the device outside and onto its battery is the device: **about 15 dB of the floor is the Cardputer's own** (issue #20). At SF11 that puts the weakest decodable packet near -114 dBm on LongFast, against about -130 dBm for a quiet receiver.
+- **The listening hour (step 6, Q104):** 20:33 to 21:34 on 2026-10-05, outside, on battery, LongFast, with a Capture running. **0 packets, 0 headers**, 0 radio errors; noise -85 to -87 dBm at 250 kHz throughout; 860 preamble detections, all false alarms. The Capture holds its 24-byte header and nothing else. No restart in 1 h 10 min.
+- **Floors (Q86):** with the radio listening, Wi-Fi and IRC connected over TLS, 52.6 KB free (lowest 22.7 KB during the TLS handshake, the dip accepted in G1). Without IRC, 93 KB.
+- **Receive only:** nothing in `src` or `lib` calls a transmit function.
+- **Cost:** RadioLib 7.8.1 and the probe add 23.6 KB of flash and 656 bytes of static RAM to the release firmware (1,679,843 bytes of 3,342,336). The whole milestone: 51.8 KB of flash (1,708,091 bytes), 365 tests (27 new).
+
+## Decisions (design round 2026-10-05)
+
+| # | Decision |
+|---|---|
+| Q89 | **M3 is the radio only:** Radio Service, Sniffer, Sweep. Notes and the File Browser (Q30) move out to issue #3 and a Notes issue, as a later side milestone. |
+| Q90 | **RadioLib**, pinned (ADR 0001). SX1262 on NSS 5, RST 3, DIO1 4, BUSY 6; DIO2 as RF switch; TCXO at 1.8 V tried first, falling back to the crystal (Meshtastic's `TCXO_OPTIONAL`). |
+| Q91 | Step 1 is `lora probe`: chip status and version, which oscillator setting worked, and an I2C scan of the internal bus for the PI4IOE5V6408. If present, its P0 is set high at boot (harmless) and DIO2 stays the switch. A wrong switch receives deaf, so compare noise floors. |
+| Q92 | A **Radio Service** owns the SX1262: driver, bus lock, IRQ task. The LoRa Scanner uses it in M3; the Mesh Service sits on top of it in M4. |
+| Q93 | Every radio transfer takes the shared bus lock (`SPI.beginTransaction`, as the card does). DIO1's interrupt only wakes the task; no SPI in the ISR. **Done when** a Gemini page streams to the card while the Sniffer receives, with no lost packets and no card errors (`lora status` counters). |
+| Q94 | **Receive only:** the Radio Service has no transmit function in M3. It doesn't exist, rather than being unused. |
+| Q95 | Sniffer defaults: **EU868 LongFast**, 869.525 MHz, BW 250 kHz, SF 11, CR 4/5, sync word 0x2B, preamble 16 (Q19). The other Meshtastic presets are offered, plus custom settings. |
+| Q96 | The Sniffer lists packets (time, RSSI, SNR, frequency error, length; hex dump on Enter) **and decodes the Meshtastic header**: the first 16 bytes are never encrypted (destination, sender, packet ID, hop limit and hop start, channel hash, next hop, relay node). Host-tested. Payload decryption is M4. |
+| Q97 | A Sniffer **Capture** is pcap with **LoRaTap** headers (link type 270), for Wireshark. Started by hand, Status Bar mark, its own Clean-up category, the 90% rule. |
+| Q98 | **Sweep** steps across the Region's band (863–870 MHz) in 100 kHz steps by default, reading instant RSSI: bars with peak hold, and a waterfall, Wi-Fi Tools style. Optionally CAD on the preset's frequency to tell LoRa traffic from noise. |
+| Q99 | Sweep takes the radio and pauses the Sniffer, visibly (Q18). From M4 it pauses the Mesh Service the same way. |
+| Q100 | The Sniffer runs while the App is open **or a Capture is recording**; otherwise the radio sleeps. From M4 the Mesh Service keeps it on. |
+| Q101 | **Status Bar:** a radio mark while receiving, flashing on each packet; muted during a Sweep. |
+| Q102 | Debug aids: `lora status` (settings, counters, last RSSI/SNR, noise floor), `lora probe`, `lora rx on/off` (packets on the consoles). Raw packets are never written to the card outside a Capture. |
+| Q103 | A ring of the **last 32 packets** in RAM (about 9 KB at full length); older ones are dropped unless capturing. IRQ task stack trimmed by measurement; RadioLib's flash and RAM measured in step 1 against the floors. |
+| Q104 | **Done when** (below) includes an hour of listening on LongFast by a window. Real packets heard become M4 test fixtures. If none are heard, M3 still closes, and a reference Meshtastic node (Q21) becomes a requirement for M4. |
+
+## Done when
+
+- `lora probe` reports the SX1262, its oscillator setting and the RF switch arrangement, and the result is written here.
+- The Sniffer receives on LongFast with the App open or a Capture running, and the radio sleeps otherwise.
+- Sweep shows the noise floor across 863–870 MHz, and a known signal (a remote key fob, a 868 MHz sensor, anything) stands out. *Half met: the floor and the device's own steady peaks show; no known transmitter was tried.*
+- The shared-bus test passes (Q93): a Gemini page to the card while the Sniffer receives, no lost packets, no card errors.
+- A Capture opens in Wireshark with LoRaTap fields.
+- The Status Bar mark follows Q101.
+- One hour of LongFast listening by a window has been run and its result recorded here. *Run outside, on battery.*
+- Free heap stays above the floors (Q86) with the Sniffer, Wi-Fi, IRC on TLS and the UI running.
+- Nothing in the firmware can transmit.
+
+## Work breakdown
+
+1. **Hardware check:** RadioLib in the build, `lora probe` (Q91), flash and RAM cost measured.
+2. **Meshtastic header and LoRaTap** (host-tested): header parsing, presets and their radio settings, pcap/LoRaTap writing.
+3. **Radio Service:** receive on its own task behind the bus lock, the packet ring, `lora status` and `lora rx`, the shared-bus test.
+4. **LoRa Scanner App, Sniffer:** the packet list, details, preset choice, Captures, Status Bar mark.
+5. **Sweep:** the RSSI sweep, bars and waterfall, pausing the Sniffer.
+6. **Listening hour** and the measurements above, recorded here.
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 |---|---|
 | Q52 | Two sources: **push over Wi-Fi** from the PC, and **from the SD card**. Pulling from Gitea releases is deferred. |
 | Q53 | **Signed Update Files** (ECDSA P-256 over SHA-256). The private key stays in `~/.config/roro9stack/`, and the firmware embeds the public key (ADR 0003). |
-| Q54 | The device **always listens** for pushes on the LAN while Wi-Fi is Connected, announced as `roro9stack-<id>.local`. |
+| Q54 | The device **always listens** for pushes on the LAN while Wi-Fi is Connected. *Revised in M2:* it was announced over mDNS as `roro9stack-<id>.local`; mDNS was removed to save RAM (it never crossed the dev box's routed network anyway). Pushes go to the IP shown in Settings → Firmware. |
 | Q55 | New firmware runs on **Probation**. It's confirmed once booted, UI drawn, Services started, 30 s without a crash, and Wi-Fi connected (if configured). Otherwise **Rollback**. A Toast reports either outcome. |
 | Q56 | **Downgrades are allowed**, with "older than the installed version" shown. |
 | Q57 | A valid push **installs right away**: progress screen, then reboot. The reboot waits for Text Entry to end, 60 s at most. |
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+# S1 — System basics
+
+**Status:** the three planned items are done: the SD driver fix in v0.6.1 (issue #21, ADR 0007), fixed IPv4 settings in v0.7.0 (issue #7), the System App in v0.8.0 (issue #11). v0.8.1 adds the resting main loop (issue #40) and the GNSS pause for the radio's noise (issue #20, still open for the 11 dB that remain). Still open in the milestone: #39, following the SD driver upstream.
+
+**Goal:** the device works on any network, the card can be trusted, and you can see what the system is doing. A side milestone, like G1.
+
+## Fixed IPv4, DNS and NTP (issue #7)
+
+Not every network has a DHCP server: a lab bench, a direct link to a router, a network where addresses are handed out by hand. Until now every Saved Network used DHCP, DNS always came from DHCP, and the NTP server was `pool.ntp.org`, hard-coded.
+
+**IPv4 only.** IPv6 isn't part of this, now or as a planned follow-up.
+
+### Decisions (design round 2026-10-05)
+
+| # | Decision |
+|---|---|
+| Q105 | The IP setting is **per Saved Network**: *Automatic* (DHCP, as before) or *Fixed*, with its own address, prefix and gateway. New networks start Automatic. |
+| Q106 | The subnet is entered as a **prefix length** (`24`), with the mask shown next to it. |
+| Q107 | The **gateway is optional**: left empty, the device talks to its own subnet only. |
+| Q108 | **DNS is global:** two servers in Settings, used on every Fixed network. On Automatic networks DHCP's DNS is used, unless **"Always use my DNS"** is on. |
+| Q109 | DNS defaults: **9.9.9.9** (Quad9), then **1.1.1.1** (Cloudflare). |
+| Q110 | **NTP is global:** two servers in Settings, names or addresses, defaulting to `pool.ntp.org` and `time.cloudflare.com`. NTP servers offered by DHCP are used first. GNSS still outranks NTP for the clock. |
+| Q111 | What's typed is checked, host-tested in `lib/wifi`: an address is four numbers from 0 to 255; a prefix is 1 to 30; the address isn't the subnet's network or broadcast address; the gateway is inside the subnet and isn't the device's own address. Refusals say why. |
+| Q112 | Addresses are typed in the line editor, limited to digits and dots. |
+| Q113 | Enter on a Saved Network opens **its page** (IP, Address, Prefix, Gateway, Forget) instead of asking to forget it. Settings > Wi-Fi gains DNS servers, "Always use my DNS" and NTP servers. The Status row opens **connection details**: address, mask, gateway, DNS and NTP in use, and where each came from. |
+| Q114 | A change applies **at once**: the network in use reconnects with the new settings. No automatic way back; the keyboard still works if Wi-Fi is cut. |
+| Q115 | Console: `wifi status` shows address, gateway, DNS, NTP and their sources; `wifi ip <ssid> dhcp`, `wifi ip <ssid> <address>/<prefix> [gateway]`, `wifi dns <a> [b]`, `wifi ntp <a> [b]`. Debug Builds: `wifi ip … try 60` goes back to the previous setting after 60 s unless confirmed with `wifi ip keep`. |
+| Q116 | Left out: checking whether the address is already taken, and per-network DNS. |
+
+The SDK already allows 3 NTP servers and 3 DNS servers and can take NTP servers from DHCP (`CONFIG_LWIP_SNTP_MAX_SERVERS=3`, `CONFIG_LWIP_DHCP_GET_NTP_SRV=y`), so the framework isn't rebuilt for this.
+
+### Done when
+
+- A Saved Network set to Fixed joins with that address, mask and gateway, and the device reaches the internet (IRC, Gemini, NTP) through the DNS servers from Settings.
+- Set back to Automatic, it gets its address from DHCP again.
+- With "Always use my DNS" on, an Automatic network resolves through the servers from Settings.
+- The NTP servers from Settings set the clock.
+- Wrong entries are refused with a reason, in Settings and on the console.
+- Connection details show what's in use and where it came from.
+- Tested on `knbg-guests` with 10.39.39.12 (the device's DHCP lease) and 10.39.39.13 (free: the device is alone on that network).
+
+### Measured (2026-10-05 and 06, on `knbg-guests`)
+
+The network is 10.39.39.0/24, gateway 10.39.39.1; DHCP gives 10.39.39.1 as DNS and offers no NTP server.
+
+- **Fixed 10.39.39.12/24** (the device's own lease) and **Fixed 10.39.39.13/24**, gateway 10.39.39.1: the device joins with that address, DNS is 9.9.9.9 and 1.1.1.1 from Settings, and a Gemini page loads (name resolution, routing, TLS). On .13, .12 no longer answers.
+- **A wrong gateway** (10.39.39.254) on a 60 s trial: the device stops answering from another subnet, and comes back by itself with the previous setting.
+- **Back to Automatic:** 10.39.39.12 by DHCP again, DNS 10.39.39.1 from DHCP.
+- **"Always use my DNS"** on an Automatic network: DNS becomes 9.9.9.9 and 1.1.1.1; switched off, the device joins again and has DHCP's DNS back.
+- **NTP:** `pool.ntp.org` answers; set to `time.cloudflare.com` alone, that one answers within 25 s.
+- **Refusals**, on the console and in Settings: the network's own address, a gateway outside the subnet, a prefix of 31 or 99, 10.39.39.300, an unknown network, a DNS name where an address is needed, a host name with an underscore.
+- **In Settings:** the network's page pre-fills Fixed with the address, prefix and gateway in use; leaving the page applies it; connection details show each value and where it came from.
+- **Not tested:** NTP servers offered by DHCP (this network offers none), and a Fixed network with no gateway.
+
+### Work breakdown
+
+1. **IPv4 logic** (host-tested): parsing and formatting addresses, prefix and mask, the checks of Q111.
+2. **Storage:** the IP setting in each Saved Network; DNS, "Always use my DNS" and NTP in Settings.
+3. **Wi-Fi Service:** apply it when joining; DNS and NTP; `wifi status` and the console commands.
+4. **Settings:** the network page, the DNS and NTP rows, connection details.
+5. **Tests on the device**, recorded here.
+
+## System Monitor (issue #11)
+
+Every milestone so far was driven by measurements, heap floors, stack sizes, TLS dips, that needed a Debug Build and a computer. The System App shows them on the device, in any build.
+
+### Decisions (design round 2026-10-06)
+
+| # | Decision |
+|---|---|
+| Q117 | An App of its own, **System**, in release builds too. Read-only. |
+| Q118 | Four views, switched with Tab: **Overview** (CPU per core, memory, network, battery), **Tasks**, **Memory**, **System**. |
+| Q119 | Sampled once a second. A task's share is its run time over the last second; a core's load is 100 % minus its idle task's share. |
+| Q120 | **History only while the App is open:** two minutes at one sample a second, about 1 KB. The system already keeps what matters afterwards: the lowest free heap since boot and each task's lowest free stack. |
+| Q121 | **Bytes are counted per service:** IRC, Gemini, the Debug Console and Firmware Updates add what they read and write to a shared counter. The network view shows the connection details, each service's bytes in and out, and the signal strength. |
+| Q122 | Tasks: name, core, share, state and lowest free stack, sorted by share; `s` cycles the sort (share, stack, name). **Under 512 bytes of stack left shows in the warning colour.** |
+| Q123 | Memory: free heap, lowest since boot, largest free block, and a two-minute graph of free heap **with the floors of Q86 drawn as lines** (55, 40 and 20 KB). |
+| Q124 | System: uptime and why it last started, firmware and both app slots, chip temperature and CPU frequency, battery voltage and percentage, SD usage and write faults, the radio's and the GNSS receiver's state. |
+| Q125 | `info` and `tasks` are split into a **snapshot** that the console and the App share; the arithmetic (shares from two samples, sorting, the stack warning) is host-tested. |
+| Q126 | Left out: acting on tasks, an event log, exporting snapshots to the card. |
+| Q127 | The main loop uses about 81 % of a core. The App shows it; fixing it is issue #40, not part of #11. |
+
+The App has five views, not four: Q121's network view is one of its own (Overview, Tasks, Memory, Network, System).
+
+### Measured (2026-10-06)
+
+- **Traffic counters are exact.** A Gemini fetch of a 164,970-byte page counts 164,986 bytes in (the page and its 16-byte header line) and 42 out (the 40-character URL and CRLF). A 1,797,760-byte upload counts 1,798,123 in for the Debug Console, commands included.
+- **The Memory view shows a TLS dip as it happens.** Starting IRC and a 165 KB Gemini fetch together: free heap falls from about 100 KB through the three floors to a low of 12.1 KB, then settles near 50 KB. That's the dip accepted in G1 (Q86).
+- **A run-time counter only moves when its task is switched out.** FreeRTOS adds to a task's run time at the context switch. The main loop takes the samples, and with core 1 to itself it's never switched out: its counter said 2 % while the core's idle task had 0 %. So the task that samples gets what's left of its core. With that: **the main loop uses 100 % of core 1 at rest** (issue #40 said 81 %, an average since boot).
+- **`tasks` on the console** sampled twice inside one command at first, a quarter second apart, and showed the loop at 1 %: it was asleep in the command's own wait. It now samples, lets the loop run for a second, and prints.
+- **Low stack, flagged:** `IDLE0` (232 bytes left), `IDLE1` (328 to 352) and `spk_task` (256 to 264), all the framework's own tasks.
+- **Cost:** 15.6 KB of flash for the App and the counters (1,742,723 bytes, release). Nothing while it's closed; about 2 KB of history and samples while it's open.
+
+## The main loop rests (issue #40)
+
+The loop polled the keyboard, ticked the Services, ran the consoles and redrew when needed, then came straight back: 50,000 passes a second, and core 1 100 % busy with the device idle and the screen off.
+
+Nothing needs that. The keyboard controller buffers key events; the consoles and the radio have their own tasks or interrupts; no Service asks for a tick more often than every 50 ms. So after each pass the loop now rests: **5 ms with the screen on, 20 ms with it off**, and not at all during a serial file transfer (`sd put`), which reads its bytes from the loop. Safe Mode's loop rests 5 ms too. Debug Builds have `loop spin on|off` to bring the old behaviour back for comparison.
+
+### Measured (2026-10-06, Debug Build, Wi-Fi connected, GNSS on, on USB power)
+
+| | Spinning | Resting |
+|---|---|---|
+| Passes a second, screen off | 50,160 | 50 |
+| Core 1 load, screen off | 100 % | 1 % |
+| Passes a second, screen on (Launcher) | 1,203 | 167 |
+| Core 1 load, screen on | 62 % | 10 % |
+| Chip temperature at rest, settled | 38.3 C | 34.3 C |
+| A 1.8 MB upload over the Debug Console | about 230 KB/s | 288 KB/s |
+
+- Still working at this pace: GNSS (a 3D Fix, 22 satellites), a Gemini fetch (52 KB), the upload read back by SHA-256, the Sweep (still 606 to 610 ms a pass), the radio's DIO1 interrupt.
+- **Not measured:** the current drawn (no meter on the battery line), and how typing feels on the real keyboard: a key now waits up to 5 ms for the loop, 20 ms if it's the one that wakes the screen.
+- **The radio's noise floor didn't move** (-97 to -99 dBm at 125 kHz either way): the spinning loop wasn't the source (issue #20).
+- **Not done:** real sleep. The framework is built without power management (`CONFIG_PM_ENABLE` is off), so an idle core only halts until the next interrupt. Automatic light sleep would need the framework rebuilt with it, Wi-Fi in modem sleep, and the USB serial port's behaviour checked. A next step if battery life calls for it.
+
+## The radio's noise: the GNSS receiver (issue #20)
+
+M3 found the LoRa radio's noise floor about 15 dB above what the chip hears alone, and that the source travels with the device. Which part? Debug Builds got a self-test, `lora noise test`: it changes one thing at a time, Sweeps the band eight passes (568 readings), records the median as the floor, and puts the thing back. It runs on the device by itself, because one condition switches Wi-Fi off, and `lora noise report` prints the result afterwards.
+
+### Measured (2026-10-06, indoors, on USB power, dBm at 125 kHz)
+
+| Condition | Floor |
+|---|---|
+| Antenna switched off (the chip alone) | -117 |
+| Antenna on, GNSS in standby | -106 |
+| Antenna on, GNSS running (as shipped) | -98 |
+
+- **The GNSS receiver, while it runs, raises the floor by 8 dB.** Three runs: -98 or -99 with it running, -106 in standby, every time. On LongFast (250 kHz) the Sniffer's own reading goes from about -93.5 to -101.5 dBm.
+- **It's the receiver working, not its serial line:** with one NMEA sentence a second instead of twenty (`PCAS03`), the receiver still tracking, the floor stays at -98.
+- **Nothing else moves it by more than 1 dB**, with GNSS running or in standby: the main loop spinning or resting, the CPU at 240, 160 or 80 MHz, Wi-Fi on or off, the screen on or off, the radio chip's regulator as DC-DC or LDO, its receive gain boosted or not.
+- **11 dB remain** between the antenna connected with GNSS quiet (-106) and the chip alone (-117). It comes in through the antenna and none of those switches changes it: the surroundings, or parts of the Cardputer that can't be switched off. Not separated: that needs another place, or the antenna on a cable away from the case.
+- M3's quick check had GNSS at "1 or 2 dB": it read one frequency for a few seconds, in a noisier spot. The median over the band is the better measure.
+
+### What the firmware does about it
+
+**Settings > Pause GNSS for LoRa**, off by default: while the LoRa radio listens or sweeps, the GNSS receiver waits in standby, and wakes when the radio goes back to sleep (a Fix again after about 7 s here). Never during a Track. The GNSS App says "GNSS is paused" meanwhile. `gnss quiet on|off` on the console.
+
+It's off by default because GNSS on by default was decided in M2 (Q58), and from M4 the radio listens all the time: then "pause while listening" means GNSS mostly off, which is a decision about position, the clock and Tracks, for M4's design round (issue #23).
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "name": "SD",
+  "version": "3.3.12",
+  "description": "roro9stack's copy of Arduino-ESP32's SD library (Apache-2.0), shadowing the framework's. Only sd_diskio.cpp is changed (marked \"roro:\"): it records why a write failed and resends a block the card rejects. See issue #21.",
+  "frameworks": "arduino",
+  "platforms": "espressif32"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+// Copyright 2015-2016 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) PTE LTD
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "vfs_api.h"
+#include "sd_diskio.h"
+#include "ff.h"
+#include "FS.h"
+#include "SD.h"
+
+using namespace fs;
+
+SDFS::SDFS(FSImplPtr impl) : FS(impl), _pdrv(0xFF) {}
+
+SDFS::~SDFS() {
+  end();
+}
+
+bool SDFS::begin(uint8_t ssPin, SPIClass &spi, uint32_t frequency, const char *mountpoint, uint8_t max_files, bool format_if_empty) {
+  if (_pdrv != 0xFF) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (!spi.begin()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  _pdrv = sdcard_init(ssPin, &spi, frequency);
+  if (_pdrv == 0xFF) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!sdcard_mount(_pdrv, mountpoint, max_files, format_if_empty)) {
+    sdcard_unmount(_pdrv);
+    sdcard_uninit(_pdrv);
+    _pdrv = 0xFF;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  _impl->mountpoint(mountpoint);
+  return true;
+}
+
+void SDFS::end() {
+  if (_pdrv != 0xFF) {
+    _impl->mountpoint(NULL);
+    sdcard_unmount(_pdrv);
+
+    sdcard_uninit(_pdrv);
+    _pdrv = 0xFF;
+  }
+}
+
+sdcard_type_t SDFS::cardType() {
+  if (_pdrv == 0xFF) {
+    return CARD_NONE;
+  }
+  return sdcard_type(_pdrv);
+}
+
+uint64_t SDFS::cardSize() {
+  if (_pdrv == 0xFF) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  size_t sectors = sdcard_num_sectors(_pdrv);
+  size_t sectorSize = sdcard_sector_size(_pdrv);
+  return (uint64_t)sectors * sectorSize;
+}
+
+size_t SDFS::numSectors() {
+  if (_pdrv == 0xFF) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return sdcard_num_sectors(_pdrv);
+}
+
+size_t SDFS::sectorSize() {
+  if (_pdrv == 0xFF) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return sdcard_sector_size(_pdrv);
+}
+
+uint64_t SDFS::totalBytes() {
+  FATFS *fsinfo;
+  DWORD fre_clust;
+  char drv[3] = {(char)(48 + _pdrv), ':', 0};
+  if (f_getfree(drv, &fre_clust, &fsinfo) != 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  uint64_t size = ((uint64_t)(fsinfo->csize)) * (fsinfo->n_fatent - 2)
+#if _MAX_SS != 512
+                  * (fsinfo->ssize);
+#else
+                  * 512;
+#endif
+  return size;
+}
+
+uint64_t SDFS::usedBytes() {
+  FATFS *fsinfo;
+  DWORD fre_clust;
+  char drv[3] = {(char)(48 + _pdrv), ':', 0};
+  if (f_getfree(drv, &fre_clust, &fsinfo) != 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  uint64_t size = ((uint64_t)(fsinfo->csize)) * ((fsinfo->n_fatent - 2) - (fsinfo->free_clst))
+#if _MAX_SS != 512
+                  * (fsinfo->ssize);
+#else
+                  * 512;
+#endif
+  return size;
+}
+
+bool SDFS::readRAW(uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t sector) {
+  return sd_read_raw(_pdrv, buffer, sector);
+}
+
+bool SDFS::writeRAW(uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t sector) {
+  return sd_write_raw(_pdrv, buffer, sector);
+}
+
+SDFS SD = SDFS(FSImplPtr(new VFSImpl()));
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Copyright 2015-2016 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) PTE LTD
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+#ifndef _SD_H_
+#define _SD_H_
+
+#include "FS.h"
+#include "SPI.h"
+#include "sd_defines.h"
+
+namespace fs {
+
+class SDFS : public FS {
+protected:
+  uint8_t _pdrv;
+
+public:
+  SDFS(FSImplPtr impl);
+  ~SDFS();
+  bool begin(
+    uint8_t ssPin = SS, SPIClass &spi = SPI, uint32_t frequency = 4000000, const char *mountpoint = "/sd", uint8_t max_files = 5, bool format_if_empty = false
+  );
+  void end();
+  sdcard_type_t cardType();
+  uint64_t cardSize();
+  size_t numSectors();
+  size_t sectorSize();
+  uint64_t totalBytes();
+  uint64_t usedBytes();
+  bool readRAW(uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t sector);
+  bool writeRAW(uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t sector);
+};
+
+}  // namespace fs
+
+#if !defined(NO_GLOBAL_INSTANCES) && !defined(NO_GLOBAL_SD)
+extern fs::SDFS SD;
+#endif
+
+using namespace fs;
+typedef fs::File SDFile;
+typedef fs::SDFS SDFileSystemClass;
+#define SDFileSystem SD
+
+#endif /* _SD_H_ */
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Copyright 2015-2016 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) PTE LTD
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+#ifndef _SD_DEFINES_H_
+#define _SD_DEFINES_H_
+
+typedef enum {
+  CARD_NONE,
+  CARD_MMC,
+  CARD_SD,
+  CARD_SDHC,
+  CARD_UNKNOWN
+} sdcard_type_t;
+
+#endif /* _SD_DISKIO_H_ */
@@ -0,0 +1,949 @@
+// roro9stack's copy of the SD-over-SPI driver from Arduino-ESP32 3.3.12 (libraries/SD/src/
+// sd_diskio.cpp), linked instead of the framework's: defining every function the SD class needs
+// keeps the library's file out of the link. Changes are marked "roro:". Why (issue #21): the
+// original gives up on a write without saying why, and never resends a block the card rejects.
+//
+// Copyright 2015-2016 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) PTE LTD
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Disable the automatic pin remapping of the API calls in this file
+#define ARDUINO_CORE_BUILD
+
+#include "Arduino.h"
+#include "sd_diskio.h"
+#include "esp_system.h"
+#include "esp32-hal-periman.h"
+
+extern "C" {
+#include "ff.h"
+#include "diskio.h"
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION_MAJOR > 3
+#include "diskio_impl.h"
+#endif
+//#include "esp_vfs.h"
+#include "esp_vfs_fat.h"
+
+char CRC7(const char *data, int length);
+unsigned short CRC16(const char *data, int length);
+}
+
+// roro: why the last write failed.
+#include "sd_fault.h"
+static roro::SdFault s_fault;
+static bool sdFault(roro::SdFault::Step step, uint8_t token = 0, uint32_t resp = 0) {
+  s_fault.step = step;
+  s_fault.token = token;
+  s_fault.resp = resp;
+  s_fault.count++;
+  return false;
+}
+namespace roro {
+SdFault sdLastFault() { return s_fault; }
+}  // namespace roro
+
+typedef enum {
+  GO_IDLE_STATE = 0,
+  SEND_OP_COND = 1,
+  SEND_CID = 2,
+  SEND_RELATIVE_ADDR = 3,
+  SEND_SWITCH_FUNC = 6,
+  SEND_IF_COND = 8,
+  SEND_CSD = 9,
+  STOP_TRANSMISSION = 12,
+  SEND_STATUS = 13,
+  SET_BLOCKLEN = 16,
+  READ_BLOCK_SINGLE = 17,
+  READ_BLOCK_MULTIPLE = 18,
+  SEND_NUM_WR_BLOCKS = 22,
+  SET_WR_BLK_ERASE_COUNT = 23,
+  WRITE_BLOCK_SINGLE = 24,
+  WRITE_BLOCK_MULTIPLE = 25,
+  APP_OP_COND = 41,
+  APP_CLR_CARD_DETECT = 42,
+  APP_CMD = 55,
+  READ_OCR = 58,
+  CRC_ON_OFF = 59
+} ardu_sdcard_command_t;
+
+// Align with ESP-IDF sdmmc SPI init (ACMD41 timeout must be >1s per SD spec)
+static constexpr uint32_t sd_go_idle_delay_ms = 20;
+static constexpr uint32_t sd_op_cond_timeout_ms = 3000;
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint8_t ssPin;
+  SPIClass *spi;
+  int frequency;
+  char *base_path;
+  sdcard_type_t type;
+  unsigned long sectors;
+  bool supports_crc;
+  int status;
+} ardu_sdcard_t;
+
+static ardu_sdcard_t *s_cards[FF_VOLUMES] = {NULL};
+
+#if ARDUHAL_LOG_LEVEL >= ARDUHAL_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR
+const char *fferr2str[] = {
+  "(0) Succeeded",
+  "(1) A hard error occurred in the low level disk I/O layer",
+  "(2) Assertion failed",
+  "(3) The physical drive cannot work",
+  "(4) Could not find the file",
+  "(5) Could not find the path",
+  "(6) The path name format is invalid",
+  "(7) Access denied due to prohibited access or directory full",
+  "(8) Access denied due to prohibited access",
+  "(9) The file/directory object is invalid",
+  "(10) The physical drive is write protected",
+  "(11) The logical drive number is invalid",
+  "(12) The volume has no work area",
+  "(13) There is no valid FAT volume",
+  "(14) The f_mkfs() aborted due to any problem",
+  "(15) Could not get a grant to access the volume within defined period",
+  "(16) The operation is rejected according to the file sharing policy",
+  "(17) LFN working buffer could not be allocated",
+  "(18) Number of open files > FF_FS_LOCK",
+  "(19) Given parameter is invalid"
+};
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * SD SPI
+ * */
+
+bool sdWait(uint8_t pdrv, int timeout) {
+  char resp;
+  uint32_t start = millis();
+
+  do {
+    resp = s_cards[pdrv]->spi->transfer(0xFF);
+  } while (resp == 0x00 && (millis() - start) < (unsigned int)timeout);
+
+  if (!resp) {
+    log_w("Wait Failed");
+  }
+  return (resp > 0x00);
+}
+
+void sdStop(uint8_t pdrv) {
+  s_cards[pdrv]->spi->write(0xFD);
+}
+
+void sdDeselectCard(uint8_t pdrv) {
+  ardu_sdcard_t *card = s_cards[pdrv];
+  digitalWrite(card->ssPin, HIGH);
+}
+
+bool sdSelectCard(uint8_t pdrv) {
+  ardu_sdcard_t *card = s_cards[pdrv];
+  digitalWrite(card->ssPin, LOW);
+  // roro: one dummy byte before asking whether the card is ready, as ChaN's reference driver does.
+  // A card that has just been given a write takes about a byte of clock to signal busy; without
+  // this, that first byte reads 0xFF, "ready", and the next command (the status check after a
+  // write) goes out while the card is still programming and comes back as garbage (#21).
+  card->spi->transfer(0xFF);
+  bool s = sdWait(pdrv, 500);
+  if (!s) {
+    log_e("Select Failed");
+    digitalWrite(card->ssPin, HIGH);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+char sdCommand(uint8_t pdrv, char cmd, unsigned int arg, unsigned int *resp) {
+  char token;
+  ardu_sdcard_t *card = s_cards[pdrv];
+
+  for (int f = 0; f < 3; f++) {
+    if (cmd == SEND_NUM_WR_BLOCKS || cmd == SET_WR_BLK_ERASE_COUNT || cmd == APP_OP_COND || cmd == APP_CLR_CARD_DETECT) {
+      token = sdCommand(pdrv, APP_CMD, 0, NULL);
+      sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+      if (token > 1) {
+        break;
+      }
+      if (!sdSelectCard(pdrv)) {
+        token = 0xFF;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    char cmdPacket[7];
+    cmdPacket[0] = cmd | 0x40;
+    cmdPacket[1] = arg >> 24;
+    cmdPacket[2] = arg >> 16;
+    cmdPacket[3] = arg >> 8;
+    cmdPacket[4] = arg;
+    if (card->supports_crc || cmd == GO_IDLE_STATE || cmd == SEND_IF_COND) {
+      cmdPacket[5] = (CRC7(cmdPacket, 5) << 1) | 0x01;
+    } else {
+      cmdPacket[5] = 0x01;
+    }
+    cmdPacket[6] = 0xFF;
+
+    card->spi->writeBytes((uint8_t *)cmdPacket, (cmd == STOP_TRANSMISSION) ? 7 : 6);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+      token = card->spi->transfer(0xFF);
+      if (!(token & 0x80)) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (token == 0xFF) {
+      log_w("no token received");
+      sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+      delay(100);
+      sdSelectCard(pdrv);
+      continue;
+    } else if (token & 0x08) {
+      log_w("crc error");
+      sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+      delay(100);
+      sdSelectCard(pdrv);
+      continue;
+    } else if (token > 1) {
+      log_w("token error [%u] 0x%x", cmd, token);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    if (cmd == SEND_STATUS && resp) {
+      *resp = card->spi->transfer(0xFF);
+    } else if ((cmd == SEND_IF_COND || cmd == READ_OCR) && resp) {
+      *resp = card->spi->transfer32(0xFFFFFFFF);
+    }
+
+    break;
+  }
+  if (token == 0xFF) {
+    log_e("Card Failed! cmd: 0x%02x", cmd);
+    card->status = STA_NOINIT;
+  }
+  return token;
+}
+
+bool sdReadBytes(uint8_t pdrv, char *buffer, int length) {
+  char token;
+  unsigned short crc;
+  ardu_sdcard_t *card = s_cards[pdrv];
+
+  uint32_t start = millis();
+  do {
+    token = card->spi->transfer(0xFF);
+  } while (token == 0xFF && (millis() - start) < 500);
+
+  if (token != 0xFE) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  card->spi->transferBytes(NULL, (uint8_t *)buffer, length);
+  crc = card->spi->transfer16(0xFFFF);
+  return (!card->supports_crc || crc == CRC16(buffer, length));
+}
+
+char sdWriteBytes(uint8_t pdrv, const char *buffer, char token) {
+  ardu_sdcard_t *card = s_cards[pdrv];
+  unsigned short crc = (card->supports_crc) ? CRC16(buffer, 512) : 0xFFFF;
+  if (!sdWait(pdrv, 500)) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  card->spi->write(token);
+  card->spi->writeBytes((uint8_t *)buffer, 512);
+  card->spi->write16(crc);
+  return (card->spi->transfer(0xFF) & 0x1F);
+}
+
+/*
+ * SPI SDCARD Communication
+ * */
+
+char sdTransaction(uint8_t pdrv, char cmd, unsigned int arg, unsigned int *resp) {
+  if (!sdSelectCard(pdrv)) {
+    return 0xFF;
+  }
+  char token = sdCommand(pdrv, cmd, arg, resp);
+  sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+  return token;
+}
+
+bool sdReadSector(uint8_t pdrv, char *buffer, unsigned long long sector) {
+  for (int f = 0; f < 3; f++) {
+    if (!sdSelectCard(pdrv)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (!sdCommand(pdrv, READ_BLOCK_SINGLE, (s_cards[pdrv]->type == CARD_SDHC) ? sector : sector << 9, NULL)) {
+      bool success = sdReadBytes(pdrv, buffer, 512);
+      sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+      if (success) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    } else {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool sdReadSectors(uint8_t pdrv, char *buffer, unsigned long long sector, int count) {
+  for (int f = 0; f < 3;) {
+    if (!sdSelectCard(pdrv)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!sdCommand(pdrv, READ_BLOCK_MULTIPLE, (s_cards[pdrv]->type == CARD_SDHC) ? sector : sector << 9, NULL)) {
+      do {
+        if (!sdReadBytes(pdrv, buffer, 512)) {
+          f++;
+          break;
+        }
+
+        sector++;
+        buffer += 512;
+        f = 0;
+      } while (--count);
+
+      if (sdCommand(pdrv, STOP_TRANSMISSION, 0, NULL)) {
+        log_e("command failed");
+        break;
+      }
+
+      sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+      if (count == 0) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    } else {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool sdWriteSector(uint8_t pdrv, const char *buffer, unsigned long long sector) {
+  using roro::SdFault;
+  for (int f = 0; f < 3; f++) {
+    if (!sdSelectCard(pdrv)) {
+      return sdFault(SdFault::Select);  // roro: say why
+    }
+    if (!sdCommand(pdrv, WRITE_BLOCK_SINGLE, (s_cards[pdrv]->type == CARD_SDHC) ? sector : sector << 9, NULL)) {
+      char token = sdWriteBytes(pdrv, buffer, 0xFE);
+      sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+
+      if (token == 0x0A) {
+        continue;
+      } else if (token == 0x0C) {
+        return sdFault(SdFault::DataToken, token);
+      }
+
+      unsigned int resp;
+      char status = sdTransaction(pdrv, SEND_STATUS, 0, &resp);
+      if (status || resp) {
+        return token != 0x05 ? sdFault(SdFault::DataToken, token, resp) : sdFault(SdFault::Status, status, resp);
+      }
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+  return sdFault(SdFault::Command);
+}
+
+bool sdWriteSectors(uint8_t pdrv, const char *buffer, unsigned long long sector, int count) {
+  using roro::SdFault;
+  char token;
+  const char *currentBuffer = buffer;
+  unsigned long long currentSector = sector;
+  int currentCount = count;
+  ardu_sdcard_t *card = s_cards[pdrv];
+  SdFault::Step why = SdFault::Command;  // roro: what stopped it, for the last return
+  uint8_t whyToken = 0;
+
+  for (int f = 0; f < 3;) {
+    if (card->type != CARD_MMC) {
+      char refused = sdTransaction(pdrv, SET_WR_BLK_ERASE_COUNT, currentCount, NULL);
+      if (refused) {
+        return sdFault(SdFault::EraseCount, refused);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!sdSelectCard(pdrv)) {
+      return sdFault(SdFault::Select);
+    }
+
+    if (!sdCommand(pdrv, WRITE_BLOCK_MULTIPLE, (card->type == CARD_SDHC) ? currentSector : currentSector << 9, NULL)) {
+      do {
+        token = sdWriteBytes(pdrv, currentBuffer, 0xFC);
+        if (token != 0x05) {
+          f++;
+          break;
+        }
+        currentBuffer += 512;
+        f = 0;
+      } while (--currentCount);
+
+      if (!sdWait(pdrv, 500)) {
+        why = SdFault::BusyAfter;
+        break;
+      }
+
+      if (currentCount == 0) {
+        sdStop(pdrv);
+        card->spi->transfer(0xFF);  // roro: the byte the card takes to go busy after Stop Tran (#21)
+        sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+
+        unsigned int resp;
+        char status = sdTransaction(pdrv, SEND_STATUS, 0, &resp);
+        if (status || resp) {
+          return sdFault(SdFault::Status, status, resp);
+        }
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        if (sdCommand(pdrv, STOP_TRANSMISSION, 0, NULL)) {
+          why = SdFault::StopCommand;
+          whyToken = token;
+          break;
+        }
+
+        if (token == 0x0A) {
+          sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+          unsigned int writtenBlocks = 0;
+          if (card->type != CARD_MMC && sdSelectCard(pdrv)) {
+            if (!sdCommand(pdrv, SEND_NUM_WR_BLOCKS, 0, NULL)) {
+              char acmdData[4];
+              if (sdReadBytes(pdrv, acmdData, 4)) {
+                writtenBlocks = acmdData[0] << 24;
+                writtenBlocks |= acmdData[1] << 16;
+                writtenBlocks |= acmdData[2] << 8;
+                writtenBlocks |= acmdData[3];
+              }
+            }
+            sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+          }
+          currentBuffer = buffer + (writtenBlocks << 9);
+          currentSector = sector + writtenBlocks;
+          currentCount = count - writtenBlocks;
+          continue;
+        } else {
+          why = SdFault::DataToken;
+          whyToken = token;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+  return sdFault(why, whyToken);
+}
+
+unsigned long sdGetSectorsCount(uint8_t pdrv) {
+  for (int f = 0; f < 3; f++) {
+    if (!sdSelectCard(pdrv)) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (!sdCommand(pdrv, SEND_CSD, 0, NULL)) {
+      char csd[16];
+      bool success = sdReadBytes(pdrv, csd, 16);
+      sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+      if (success) {
+        if ((csd[0] >> 6) == 0x01) {
+          unsigned long size = (((unsigned long)(csd[7] & 0x3F) << 16) | ((unsigned long)csd[8] << 8) | csd[9]) + 1;
+          return size << 10;
+        }
+        unsigned long size = (((unsigned long)(csd[6] & 0x03) << 10) | ((unsigned long)csd[7] << 2) | ((csd[8] & 0xC0) >> 6)) + 1;
+        size <<= ((((csd[9] & 0x03) << 1) | ((csd[10] & 0x80) >> 7)) + 2);
+        size <<= (csd[5] & 0x0F);
+        return size >> 9;
+      }
+    } else {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+struct AcquireSPI {
+  ardu_sdcard_t *card;
+  explicit AcquireSPI(ardu_sdcard_t *card) : card(card) {
+    card->spi->beginTransaction(SPISettings(card->frequency, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0));
+  }
+  AcquireSPI(ardu_sdcard_t *card, int frequency) : card(card) {
+    card->spi->beginTransaction(SPISettings(frequency, MSBFIRST, SPI_MODE0));
+  }
+  ~AcquireSPI() {
+    card->spi->endTransaction();
+  }
+
+private:
+  AcquireSPI(AcquireSPI const &);
+  AcquireSPI &operator=(AcquireSPI const &);
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+/*
+ * FATFS API
+ * */
+
+/**
+ * @brief Initialize an SD card for use with FatFs
+ *
+ * This function implements the complete SD card initialization sequence according to
+ * the SD card specification. It performs card detection, type identification,
+ * and configuration for SPI mode operation.
+ *
+ * The initialization sequence follows the SD card protocol (SPI mode, aligned with IDF):
+ * 1. Power-up sequence with 74+ clock cycles
+ * 2. Two GO_IDLE_STATE attempts to enter SPI mode
+ * 3. CRC_ON_OFF to enable CRC checking (with retry)
+ * 4. SEND_IF_COND to identify SDHC/SDXC cards
+ * 5. APP_OP_COND / SEND_OP_COND (SPI args; timeout >1s)
+ * 6. Card type detection (SD/SDHC/MMC)
+ * 7. Final configuration and sector count retrieval
+ *
+ * @param pdrv Physical drive number (0-9)
+ * @return DSTATUS Status of the initialization (0 = success, STA_NOINIT = failed)
+ */
+DSTATUS ff_sd_initialize(uint8_t pdrv) {
+  char token;
+  unsigned int resp;
+  unsigned int start;
+
+  // Get the card structure for the given drive number
+  ardu_sdcard_t *card = s_cards[pdrv];
+
+  // If the card is already initialized, return its current status
+  if (!(card->status & STA_NOINIT)) {
+    return card->status;
+  }
+
+  // Lock the SPI bus and set it to a low frequency (400kHz) for initialization
+  // Low frequency is required during initialization for reliable communication
+  AcquireSPI card_locked(card, 400000);
+
+  // Step 1: Power-up sequence - Send at least 74 clock cycles with CS high and MOSI high
+  // This is required by the SD card specification to ensure proper card state reset
+  // We send 20 bytes (160 clock cycles) to exceed the minimum requirement
+  digitalWrite(card->ssPin, HIGH);
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+    card->spi->transfer(0XFF);
+  }
+
+  // Step 2: Perform two GO_IDLE_STATE (CMD0) attempts in SPI mode.
+  // Per SD Simplified Spec (figure 4-1) / IDF: some cards enter SD mode on the
+  // first attempt, so the first response may fail; the second must succeed.
+  // (sdCommand may also retry internally on no-token/CRC errors.)
+  // Fix mount issue - sdWait fail ignored before each CMD0 attempt
+  digitalWrite(card->ssPin, LOW);
+  if (!sdWait(pdrv, 500)) {
+    log_w("sdWait fail ignored, card initialize continues");
+  }
+  (void)sdCommand(pdrv, GO_IDLE_STATE, 0, NULL);
+  sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+  delay(sd_go_idle_delay_ms);
+
+  digitalWrite(card->ssPin, LOW);
+  if (!sdWait(pdrv, 500)) {
+    log_w("sdWait fail ignored, card initialize continues");
+  }
+  if (sdCommand(pdrv, GO_IDLE_STATE, 0, NULL) != 1) {
+    sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+    log_w("GO_IDLE_STATE failed");
+    goto unknown_card;
+  }
+  sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+  delay(sd_go_idle_delay_ms);
+
+  // Step 3: Configure CRC checking
+  // Enable CRC for data transfers in SPI mode (required for reliable communication).
+  // Some cards reject the first CRC_ON_OFF; retry once (same as IDF).
+  token = sdTransaction(pdrv, CRC_ON_OFF, 1, NULL);
+  if (token != 1 && token != 0x5) {
+    delay(10);
+    token = sdTransaction(pdrv, CRC_ON_OFF, 1, NULL);
+  }
+  if (token == 0x5) {
+    // Old card that doesn't support CRC - disable CRC checking
+    card->supports_crc = false;
+  } else if (token != 1) {
+    log_w("CRC_ON_OFF failed: %u", token);
+    goto unknown_card;
+  }
+
+  // Step 4: Card type detection and initialization
+  // Try to identify SDHC/SDXC cards using SEND_IF_COND command
+  if (sdTransaction(pdrv, SEND_IF_COND, 0x1AA, &resp) == 1) {
+    // Card responded to SEND_IF_COND - likely SDHC/SDXC
+    if ((resp & 0xFFF) != 0x1AA) {
+      log_w("SEND_IF_COND failed: %03" PRIX32, (uint32_t)(resp & 0xFFF));
+      goto unknown_card;
+    }
+
+    // Read Operating Conditions Register to check card capabilities
+    if (sdTransaction(pdrv, READ_OCR, 0, &resp) != 1 || !(resp & (1 << 20))) {
+      log_w("READ_OCR failed: %X", resp);
+      goto unknown_card;
+    }
+
+    // Send APP_OP_COND to set operating conditions for SDHC/SDXC.
+    // In SPI mode only HCS (bit 30) is valid; voltage bits must be 0 (same as IDF).
+    // Timeout must be >1s per SD spec (IDF uses ~3s).
+    start = millis();
+    do {
+      token = sdTransaction(pdrv, APP_OP_COND, 0x40000000, NULL);
+    } while (token == 1 && (millis() - start) < sd_op_cond_timeout_ms);
+
+    if (token) {
+      log_w("APP_OP_COND failed: %u", token);
+      goto unknown_card;
+    }
+
+    // Determine if it's SDHC (high capacity) or regular SD
+    if (!sdTransaction(pdrv, READ_OCR, 0, &resp)) {
+      if (resp & (1 << 30)) {
+        card->type = CARD_SDHC;  // High capacity card (SDHC/SDXC)
+      } else {
+        card->type = CARD_SD;  // Standard capacity card
+      }
+    } else {
+      log_w("READ_OCR failed: %X", resp);
+      goto unknown_card;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Card didn't respond to SEND_IF_COND - try SD or MMC initialization
+    if (sdTransaction(pdrv, READ_OCR, 0, &resp) != 1 || !(resp & (1 << 20))) {
+      log_w("READ_OCR failed: %X", resp);
+      goto unknown_card;
+    }
+
+    // Try SD card initialization first (SPI mode: ACMD41 arg must be 0)
+    start = millis();
+    do {
+      token = sdTransaction(pdrv, APP_OP_COND, 0, NULL);
+    } while (token == 0x01 && (millis() - start) < sd_op_cond_timeout_ms);
+
+    if (!token) {
+      card->type = CARD_SD;  // Standard SD card
+    } else {
+      // Try MMC card initialization (SPI mode: CMD1 arg must be 0)
+      start = millis();
+      do {
+        token = sdTransaction(pdrv, SEND_OP_COND, 0, NULL);
+      } while (token != 0x00 && (millis() - start) < sd_op_cond_timeout_ms);
+
+      if (token == 0x00) {
+        card->type = CARD_MMC;  // MMC card
+      } else {
+        log_w("SEND_OP_COND failed: %u", token);
+        goto unknown_card;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Step 5: Clear card detection for SD cards (not needed for MMC)
+  if (card->type != CARD_MMC) {
+    if (sdTransaction(pdrv, APP_CLR_CARD_DETECT, 0, NULL)) {
+      log_w("APP_CLR_CARD_DETECT failed");
+      goto unknown_card;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Step 6: Set block length for non-SDHC cards
+  // SDHC cards have fixed 512-byte blocks, others need explicit block length setting
+  if (card->type != CARD_SDHC) {
+    if (sdTransaction(pdrv, SET_BLOCKLEN, 512, NULL) != 0x00) {
+      log_w("SET_BLOCKLEN failed");
+      goto unknown_card;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Step 7: Get card capacity and finalize initialization
+  card->sectors = sdGetSectorsCount(pdrv);
+
+  // Limit frequency to 25MHz for compatibility (SD spec maximum for non-UHS cards)
+  if (card->frequency > 25000000) {
+    card->frequency = 25000000;
+  }
+
+  // Mark card as initialized
+  card->status &= ~STA_NOINIT;
+  return card->status;
+
+unknown_card:
+  // Mark card as unknown type if initialization failed
+  card->type = CARD_UNKNOWN;
+  return card->status;
+}
+
+DSTATUS ff_sd_status(uint8_t pdrv) {
+  ardu_sdcard_t *card = s_cards[pdrv];
+  AcquireSPI lock(card);
+
+  if (sdTransaction(pdrv, SEND_STATUS, 0, NULL)) {
+    log_e("Check status failed");
+    return STA_NOINIT;
+  }
+  return s_cards[pdrv]->status;
+}
+
+DRESULT ff_sd_read(uint8_t pdrv, uint8_t *buffer, DWORD sector, UINT count) {
+  ardu_sdcard_t *card = s_cards[pdrv];
+  if (card->status & STA_NOINIT) {
+    return RES_NOTRDY;
+  }
+  DRESULT res = RES_OK;
+
+  AcquireSPI lock(card);
+
+  if (count > 1) {
+    res = sdReadSectors(pdrv, (char *)buffer, sector, count) ? RES_OK : RES_ERROR;
+  } else {
+    res = sdReadSector(pdrv, (char *)buffer, sector) ? RES_OK : RES_ERROR;
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+DRESULT ff_sd_write(uint8_t pdrv, const uint8_t *buffer, DWORD sector, UINT count) {
+  ardu_sdcard_t *card = s_cards[pdrv];
+  if (card->status & STA_NOINIT) {
+    return RES_NOTRDY;
+  }
+
+  if (card->status & STA_PROTECT) {
+    return RES_WRPRT;
+  }
+  DRESULT res = RES_OK;
+
+  AcquireSPI lock(card);
+
+  if (count > 1) {
+    res = sdWriteSectors(pdrv, (const char *)buffer, sector, count) ? RES_OK : RES_ERROR;
+  } else {
+    res = sdWriteSector(pdrv, (const char *)buffer, sector) ? RES_OK : RES_ERROR;
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+DRESULT ff_sd_ioctl(uint8_t pdrv, uint8_t cmd, void *buff) {
+  switch (cmd) {
+    case CTRL_SYNC:
+    {
+      AcquireSPI lock(s_cards[pdrv]);
+      if (sdSelectCard(pdrv)) {
+        sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+        return RES_OK;
+      }
+    }
+      return RES_ERROR;
+    case GET_SECTOR_COUNT: *((unsigned long *)buff) = s_cards[pdrv]->sectors; return RES_OK;
+    case GET_SECTOR_SIZE:  *((WORD *)buff) = 512; return RES_OK;
+    case GET_BLOCK_SIZE:   *((uint32_t *)buff) = 1; return RES_OK;
+  }
+  return RES_PARERR;
+}
+
+bool sd_read_raw(uint8_t pdrv, uint8_t *buffer, DWORD sector) {
+  return ff_sd_read(pdrv, buffer, sector, 1) == ESP_OK;
+}
+
+bool sd_write_raw(uint8_t pdrv, uint8_t *buffer, DWORD sector) {
+  return ff_sd_write(pdrv, buffer, sector, 1) == ESP_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Public methods
+ * */
+
+uint8_t sdcard_uninit(uint8_t pdrv) {
+  ardu_sdcard_t *card = s_cards[pdrv];
+  if (pdrv >= FF_VOLUMES || card == NULL) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+  {
+    AcquireSPI lock(card);
+    sdTransaction(pdrv, GO_IDLE_STATE, 0, NULL);
+  }  // lock is destructed here
+  ff_diskio_register(pdrv, NULL);
+  s_cards[pdrv] = NULL;
+  esp_err_t err = ESP_OK;
+  if (card->base_path) {
+    err = esp_vfs_fat_unregister_path(card->base_path);
+    free(card->base_path);
+  }
+  free(card);
+  return err;
+}
+
+uint8_t sdcard_init(uint8_t cs, SPIClass *spi, int hz) {
+
+  uint8_t pdrv = 0xFF;
+  if (ff_diskio_get_drive(&pdrv) != ESP_OK || pdrv == 0xFF) {
+    return pdrv;
+  }
+
+  ardu_sdcard_t *card = (ardu_sdcard_t *)malloc(sizeof(ardu_sdcard_t));
+  if (!card) {
+    return 0xFF;
+  }
+
+  card->base_path = NULL;
+  card->frequency = hz;
+  card->spi = spi;
+  card->ssPin = digitalPinToGPIONumber(cs);
+
+  card->supports_crc = true;
+  card->type = CARD_NONE;
+  card->status = STA_NOINIT;
+
+  pinMode(card->ssPin, OUTPUT);
+  digitalWrite(card->ssPin, HIGH);
+  perimanSetPinBusExtraType(card->ssPin, "SD_SS");
+
+  s_cards[pdrv] = card;
+
+  static const ff_diskio_impl_t sd_impl = {
+    .init = &ff_sd_initialize, .status = &ff_sd_status, .read = &ff_sd_read, .write = &ff_sd_write, .ioctl = &ff_sd_ioctl
+  };
+  ff_diskio_register(pdrv, &sd_impl);
+
+  return pdrv;
+}
+
+uint8_t sdcard_unmount(uint8_t pdrv) {
+  ardu_sdcard_t *card = s_cards[pdrv];
+  if (pdrv >= FF_VOLUMES || card == NULL) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+  card->status |= STA_NOINIT;
+  card->type = CARD_NONE;
+
+  char drv[3] = {(char)('0' + pdrv), ':', 0};
+  f_mount(NULL, drv, 0);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+bool sdcard_mount(uint8_t pdrv, const char *path, uint8_t max_files, bool format_if_empty) {
+  ardu_sdcard_t *card = s_cards[pdrv];
+  if (pdrv >= FF_VOLUMES || card == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (card->base_path) {
+    free(card->base_path);
+  }
+  card->base_path = strdup(path);
+
+  FATFS *fs;
+  char drv[3] = {(char)('0' + pdrv), ':', 0};
+
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION < ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(6, 0, 0)
+  esp_err_t err = esp_vfs_fat_register(path, drv, max_files, &fs);
+#else
+  esp_vfs_fat_conf_t conf = {.base_path = path, .fat_drive = drv, .max_files = max_files};
+  esp_err_t err = esp_vfs_fat_register(&conf, &fs);
+#endif
+
+  if (err == ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE) {
+    log_e("esp_vfs_fat_register failed 0x(%x): SD is registered.", err);
+    return false;
+  } else if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    log_e("esp_vfs_fat_register failed 0x(%x)", err);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  FRESULT res = f_mount(fs, drv, 1);
+  if (res != FR_OK) {
+    log_e("f_mount failed: %s", fferr2str[res]);
+    if (res == 13 && format_if_empty) {
+      BYTE *work = (BYTE *)malloc(sizeof(BYTE) * FF_MAX_SS);
+      if (!work) {
+        log_e("alloc for f_mkfs failed");
+        return false;
+      }
+      //FRESULT f_mkfs (const TCHAR* path, const MKFS_PARM* opt, void* work, UINT len);
+      const MKFS_PARM opt = {(BYTE)FM_ANY, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+      res = f_mkfs(drv, &opt, work, sizeof(BYTE) * FF_MAX_SS);
+      free(work);
+      if (res != FR_OK) {
+        log_e("f_mkfs failed: %s", fferr2str[res]);
+        esp_vfs_fat_unregister_path(path);
+        return false;
+      }
+      res = f_mount(fs, drv, 1);
+      if (res != FR_OK) {
+        log_e("f_mount failed: %s", fferr2str[res]);
+        esp_vfs_fat_unregister_path(path);
+        return false;
+      }
+    } else {
+      esp_vfs_fat_unregister_path(path);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  AcquireSPI lock(card);
+  card->sectors = sdGetSectorsCount(pdrv);
+  return true;
+}
+
+uint32_t sdcard_num_sectors(uint8_t pdrv) {
+  ardu_sdcard_t *card = s_cards[pdrv];
+  if (pdrv >= FF_VOLUMES || card == NULL) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return card->sectors;
+}
+
+uint32_t sdcard_sector_size(uint8_t pdrv) {
+  if (pdrv >= FF_VOLUMES || s_cards[pdrv] == NULL) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return 512;
+}
+
+// roro: the card's CID. CMD10 in SPI mode (the enum's SEND_CID, 2, is the SD-mode command).
+namespace roro {
+bool sdReadCid(uint8_t cid[16]) {
+  for (uint8_t pdrv = 0; pdrv < FF_VOLUMES; ++pdrv) {
+    ardu_sdcard_t *card = s_cards[pdrv];
+    if (!card) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    AcquireSPI lock(card);
+    if (!sdSelectCard(pdrv)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    bool ok = !sdCommand(pdrv, 10, 0, NULL) && sdReadBytes(pdrv, (char *)cid, 16);
+    sdDeselectCard(pdrv);
+    return ok;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+}  // namespace roro
+
+sdcard_type_t sdcard_type(uint8_t pdrv) {
+  ardu_sdcard_t *card = s_cards[pdrv];
+  if (pdrv >= FF_VOLUMES || card == NULL) {
+    return CARD_NONE;
+  }
+  return card->type;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright 2015-2016 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) PTE LTD
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+#ifndef _SD_DISKIO_H_
+#define _SD_DISKIO_H_
+
+#include "Arduino.h"
+#include "SPI.h"
+#include "sd_defines.h"
+// #include "diskio.h"
+
+uint8_t sdcard_init(uint8_t cs, SPIClass *spi, int hz);
+uint8_t sdcard_uninit(uint8_t pdrv);
+
+bool sdcard_mount(uint8_t pdrv, const char *path, uint8_t max_files, bool format_if_empty);
+uint8_t sdcard_unmount(uint8_t pdrv);
+
+sdcard_type_t sdcard_type(uint8_t pdrv);
+uint32_t sdcard_num_sectors(uint8_t pdrv);
+uint32_t sdcard_sector_size(uint8_t pdrv);
+bool sd_read_raw(uint8_t pdrv, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t sector);
+bool sd_write_raw(uint8_t pdrv, uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t sector);
+
+#endif /* _SD_DISKIO_H_ */
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/* SD/MMC File System Library
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Neil Thiessen
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+const char m_CRC7Table[] = {0x00, 0x09, 0x12, 0x1B, 0x24, 0x2D, 0x36, 0x3F, 0x48, 0x41, 0x5A, 0x53, 0x6C, 0x65, 0x7E, 0x77, 0x19, 0x10, 0x0B, 0x02, 0x3D, 0x34,
+                            0x2F, 0x26, 0x51, 0x58, 0x43, 0x4A, 0x75, 0x7C, 0x67, 0x6E, 0x32, 0x3B, 0x20, 0x29, 0x16, 0x1F, 0x04, 0x0D, 0x7A, 0x73, 0x68, 0x61,
+                            0x5E, 0x57, 0x4C, 0x45, 0x2B, 0x22, 0x39, 0x30, 0x0F, 0x06, 0x1D, 0x14, 0x63, 0x6A, 0x71, 0x78, 0x47, 0x4E, 0x55, 0x5C, 0x64, 0x6D,
+                            0x76, 0x7F, 0x40, 0x49, 0x52, 0x5B, 0x2C, 0x25, 0x3E, 0x37, 0x08, 0x01, 0x1A, 0x13, 0x7D, 0x74, 0x6F, 0x66, 0x59, 0x50, 0x4B, 0x42,
+                            0x35, 0x3C, 0x27, 0x2E, 0x11, 0x18, 0x03, 0x0A, 0x56, 0x5F, 0x44, 0x4D, 0x72, 0x7B, 0x60, 0x69, 0x1E, 0x17, 0x0C, 0x05, 0x3A, 0x33,
+                            0x28, 0x21, 0x4F, 0x46, 0x5D, 0x54, 0x6B, 0x62, 0x79, 0x70, 0x07, 0x0E, 0x15, 0x1C, 0x23, 0x2A, 0x31, 0x38, 0x41, 0x48, 0x53, 0x5A,
+                            0x65, 0x6C, 0x77, 0x7E, 0x09, 0x00, 0x1B, 0x12, 0x2D, 0x24, 0x3F, 0x36, 0x58, 0x51, 0x4A, 0x43, 0x7C, 0x75, 0x6E, 0x67, 0x10, 0x19,
+                            0x02, 0x0B, 0x34, 0x3D, 0x26, 0x2F, 0x73, 0x7A, 0x61, 0x68, 0x57, 0x5E, 0x45, 0x4C, 0x3B, 0x32, 0x29, 0x20, 0x1F, 0x16, 0x0D, 0x04,
+                            0x6A, 0x63, 0x78, 0x71, 0x4E, 0x47, 0x5C, 0x55, 0x22, 0x2B, 0x30, 0x39, 0x06, 0x0F, 0x14, 0x1D, 0x25, 0x2C, 0x37, 0x3E, 0x01, 0x08,
+                            0x13, 0x1A, 0x6D, 0x64, 0x7F, 0x76, 0x49, 0x40, 0x5B, 0x52, 0x3C, 0x35, 0x2E, 0x27, 0x18, 0x11, 0x0A, 0x03, 0x74, 0x7D, 0x66, 0x6F,
+                            0x50, 0x59, 0x42, 0x4B, 0x17, 0x1E, 0x05, 0x0C, 0x33, 0x3A, 0x21, 0x28, 0x5F, 0x56, 0x4D, 0x44, 0x7B, 0x72, 0x69, 0x60, 0x0E, 0x07,
+                            0x1C, 0x15, 0x2A, 0x23, 0x38, 0x31, 0x46, 0x4F, 0x54, 0x5D, 0x62, 0x6B, 0x70, 0x79};
+
+char CRC7(const char *data, int length) {
+  char crc = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+    crc = m_CRC7Table[(crc << 1) ^ data[i]];
+  }
+  return crc;
+}
+
+const unsigned short m_CRC16Table[256] = {
+  0x0000, 0x1021, 0x2042, 0x3063, 0x4084, 0x50A5, 0x60C6, 0x70E7, 0x8108, 0x9129, 0xA14A, 0xB16B, 0xC18C, 0xD1AD, 0xE1CE, 0xF1EF, 0x1231, 0x0210, 0x3273,
+  0x2252, 0x52B5, 0x4294, 0x72F7, 0x62D6, 0x9339, 0x8318, 0xB37B, 0xA35A, 0xD3BD, 0xC39C, 0xF3FF, 0xE3DE, 0x2462, 0x3443, 0x0420, 0x1401, 0x64E6, 0x74C7,
+  0x44A4, 0x5485, 0xA56A, 0xB54B, 0x8528, 0x9509, 0xE5EE, 0xF5CF, 0xC5AC, 0xD58D, 0x3653, 0x2672, 0x1611, 0x0630, 0x76D7, 0x66F6, 0x5695, 0x46B4, 0xB75B,
+  0xA77A, 0x9719, 0x8738, 0xF7DF, 0xE7FE, 0xD79D, 0xC7BC, 0x48C4, 0x58E5, 0x6886, 0x78A7, 0x0840, 0x1861, 0x2802, 0x3823, 0xC9CC, 0xD9ED, 0xE98E, 0xF9AF,
+  0x8948, 0x9969, 0xA90A, 0xB92B, 0x5AF5, 0x4AD4, 0x7AB7, 0x6A96, 0x1A71, 0x0A50, 0x3A33, 0x2A12, 0xDBFD, 0xCBDC, 0xFBBF, 0xEB9E, 0x9B79, 0x8B58, 0xBB3B,
+  0xAB1A, 0x6CA6, 0x7C87, 0x4CE4, 0x5CC5, 0x2C22, 0x3C03, 0x0C60, 0x1C41, 0xEDAE, 0xFD8F, 0xCDEC, 0xDDCD, 0xAD2A, 0xBD0B, 0x8D68, 0x9D49, 0x7E97, 0x6EB6,
+  0x5ED5, 0x4EF4, 0x3E13, 0x2E32, 0x1E51, 0x0E70, 0xFF9F, 0xEFBE, 0xDFDD, 0xCFFC, 0xBF1B, 0xAF3A, 0x9F59, 0x8F78, 0x9188, 0x81A9, 0xB1CA, 0xA1EB, 0xD10C,
+  0xC12D, 0xF14E, 0xE16F, 0x1080, 0x00A1, 0x30C2, 0x20E3, 0x5004, 0x4025, 0x7046, 0x6067, 0x83B9, 0x9398, 0xA3FB, 0xB3DA, 0xC33D, 0xD31C, 0xE37F, 0xF35E,
+  0x02B1, 0x1290, 0x22F3, 0x32D2, 0x4235, 0x5214, 0x6277, 0x7256, 0xB5EA, 0xA5CB, 0x95A8, 0x8589, 0xF56E, 0xE54F, 0xD52C, 0xC50D, 0x34E2, 0x24C3, 0x14A0,
+  0x0481, 0x7466, 0x6447, 0x5424, 0x4405, 0xA7DB, 0xB7FA, 0x8799, 0x97B8, 0xE75F, 0xF77E, 0xC71D, 0xD73C, 0x26D3, 0x36F2, 0x0691, 0x16B0, 0x6657, 0x7676,
+  0x4615, 0x5634, 0xD94C, 0xC96D, 0xF90E, 0xE92F, 0x99C8, 0x89E9, 0xB98A, 0xA9AB, 0x5844, 0x4865, 0x7806, 0x6827, 0x18C0, 0x08E1, 0x3882, 0x28A3, 0xCB7D,
+  0xDB5C, 0xEB3F, 0xFB1E, 0x8BF9, 0x9BD8, 0xABBB, 0xBB9A, 0x4A75, 0x5A54, 0x6A37, 0x7A16, 0x0AF1, 0x1AD0, 0x2AB3, 0x3A92, 0xFD2E, 0xED0F, 0xDD6C, 0xCD4D,
+  0xBDAA, 0xAD8B, 0x9DE8, 0x8DC9, 0x7C26, 0x6C07, 0x5C64, 0x4C45, 0x3CA2, 0x2C83, 0x1CE0, 0x0CC1, 0xEF1F, 0xFF3E, 0xCF5D, 0xDF7C, 0xAF9B, 0xBFBA, 0x8FD9,
+  0x9FF8, 0x6E17, 0x7E36, 0x4E55, 0x5E74, 0x2E93, 0x3EB2, 0x0ED1, 0x1EF0
+};
+
+unsigned short CRC16(const char *data, int length) {
+  unsigned short crc = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+    crc = (crc << 8) ^ m_CRC16Table[((crc >> 8) ^ data[i]) & 0x00FF];
+  }
+  return crc;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace roro {
+
+// Why the SD driver last gave up on a write (see sd_diskio.cpp, issue #21). The framework's driver
+// fails without saying why; ours records it.
+struct SdFault {
+    enum Step : uint8_t {
+        None,
+        EraseCount,   // ACMD23 before a multi-block write was refused
+        Select,       // the card stayed busy for 500 ms
+        Command,      // the write command itself was refused
+        DataToken,    // the card's answer to a data block: 0x0B CRC error, 0x0D write error
+        BusyAfter,    // still busy 500 ms after the last block
+        Status,       // CMD13 after the write reported an error (resp)
+        StopCommand,  // CMD12 after a rejected block was refused
+    };
+    Step step = None;
+    uint8_t token = 0;   // the driver's or the card's answer at that step
+    uint32_t resp = 0;   // CMD13's status bits, for Status
+    uint32_t count = 0;  // failed writes since boot
+    uint32_t retried = 0;  // blocks resent after a CRC error, since boot
+};
+
+SdFault sdLastFault();
+
+// The mounted card's identity register (CID, CMD10): who made it, its name, serial and date.
+// Call it where card access is allowed (the storage task).
+bool sdReadCid(uint8_t cid[16]);
+
+}  // namespace roro
@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@ const RowDef kRows[] = {
    {Row::Region, Kind::Choice, "Region"},      {Row::Timezone, Kind::Choice, "Timezone"},
    {Row::Brightness, Kind::Slider, "Brightness"}, {Row::DimTimeout, Kind::Choice, "Dim after"},
    {Row::OffTimeout, Kind::Choice, "Screen off after"}, {Row::Sound, Kind::Toggle, "Sound & LED"},
+    {Row::Gnss, Kind::Toggle, "GNSS"}, {Row::GnssQuiet, Kind::Toggle, "Pause GNSS for LoRa"},
+    {Row::Coordinates, Kind::Toggle, "Coordinates"},
    {Row::ProbeMacs, Kind::Toggle, "Probe MACs"}, {Row::Wifi, Kind::Page, "Wi-Fi"},
-    {Row::Storage, Kind::Page, "Storage"},
    {Row::Firmware, Kind::Page, "Firmware"},
    {Row::About, Kind::Page, "About"},
 };
@@ -79,6 +80,9 @@ std::string SettingsMenu::value(int i) const {
        case Row::DimTimeout: return formatSeconds(settings_.getInt(Setting::DimTimeoutS));
        case Row::OffTimeout: return formatSeconds(settings_.getInt(Setting::OffTimeoutS));
        case Row::Sound: return settings_.getBool(Setting::Sound) ? "On" : "Off";
+        case Row::Gnss: return settings_.getBool(Setting::GnssEnabled) ? "On" : "Off";
+        case Row::GnssQuiet: return settings_.getBool(Setting::GnssQuietForLora) ? "On" : "Off";
+        case Row::Coordinates: return settings_.getBool(Setting::CoordinatesDms) ? "Deg min sec" : "Decimal";
        case Row::ProbeMacs: return settings_.getBool(Setting::ProbeMacRaw) ? "Raw" : "Pseudonymised";
        case Row::Wifi: return settings_.getBool(Setting::WifiEnabled) ? "On" : "Off";
        default: return "";
@@ -122,6 +126,9 @@ std::string SettingsMenu::choose(int i, int c) {

 void SettingsMenu::toggle(int i) {
    if (row(i) == Row::Sound) settings_.setBool(Setting::Sound, !settings_.getBool(Setting::Sound));
+    if (row(i) == Row::Gnss) settings_.setBool(Setting::GnssEnabled, !settings_.getBool(Setting::GnssEnabled));
+    if (row(i) == Row::GnssQuiet) settings_.setBool(Setting::GnssQuietForLora, !settings_.getBool(Setting::GnssQuietForLora));
+    if (row(i) == Row::Coordinates) settings_.setBool(Setting::CoordinatesDms, !settings_.getBool(Setting::CoordinatesDms));
    if (row(i) == Row::ProbeMacs) settings_.setBool(Setting::ProbeMacRaw, !settings_.getBool(Setting::ProbeMacRaw));
 }

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace roro {
 // values, choice lists and validation messages. Rendering and navigation live in the App.
 class SettingsMenu {
   public:
-    enum class Row { LongName, ShortName, Region, Timezone, Brightness, DimTimeout, OffTimeout, Sound, ProbeMacs, Wifi, Storage, Firmware, About };
+    enum class Row { LongName, ShortName, Region, Timezone, Brightness, DimTimeout, OffTimeout, Sound, Gnss, GnssQuiet, Coordinates, ProbeMacs, Wifi, Firmware, About };
    enum class Kind { Text, Choice, Toggle, Slider, Page };

    explicit SettingsMenu(Settings& settings) : settings_(settings) {}
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#include "file_list.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ctime>
+
+namespace roro::files {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Names compare letters only, whatever the case; ties by the bytes, so the order is total.
+int compareNames(const char* a, const char* b) {
+    for (const char *x = a, *y = b;; ++x, ++y) {
+        int cx = std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(*x)), cy = std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(*y));
+        if (cx != cy) return cx < cy ? -1 : 1;
+        if (!cx) break;
+    }
+    return std::strcmp(a, b);
+}
+
+constexpr uint32_t kYear2020 = 1577836800;
+
+std::string sizeText(uint32_t bytes) {
+    char s[16];
+    if (bytes < 1024) std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%u B", static_cast<unsigned>(bytes));
+    else if (bytes < 10 * 1024) std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%.1f KB", bytes / 1024.0);
+    else if (bytes < 1024 * 1024) std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%u KB", static_cast<unsigned>(bytes / 1024));
+    else if (bytes < 10u * 1024 * 1024) std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%.1f MB", bytes / 1048576.0);
+    else if (bytes < 1024u * 1024 * 1024) std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%u MB", static_cast<unsigned>(bytes / 1048576));
+    else std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%.1f GB", bytes / 1073741824.0);
+    return s;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void FileList::clear() {
+    std::vector<Entry>().swap(entries_);
+    std::vector<uint16_t>().swap(order_);
+    std::vector<char>().swap(names_);
+    more_ = wasted_ = 0;
+}
+
+bool FileList::before(const Entry& a, const Entry& b, FileSort by) const {
+    if (a.folder != b.folder) return a.folder;
+    if (!a.folder) {
+        if (by == FileSort::Date && a.modified != b.modified) return a.modified > b.modified;
+        if (by == FileSort::Size && a.size != b.size) return a.size > b.size;
+    }
+    return compareNames(names_.data() + a.name, names_.data() + b.name) < 0;
+}
+
+void FileList::add(const char* name, uint32_t size, uint32_t modified, bool folder) {
+    size_t len = std::strlen(name) + 1;
+    if (entries_.size() >= kMax) {
+        // Full: the new entry takes the place of the one that sorts last by name, if it sorts
+        // before it. The old name's bytes stay in the buffer until there's enough waste to pack.
+        more_++;
+        size_t last = 0;
+        for (size_t i = 1; i < entries_.size(); i++)
+            if (before(entries_[last], entries_[i], FileSort::Name)) last = i;
+        Entry candidate{static_cast<uint32_t>(names_.size()), size, modified, folder};
+        names_.insert(names_.end(), name, name + len);
+        if (!before(candidate, entries_[last], FileSort::Name)) {
+            names_.resize(names_.size() - len);
+            return;
+        }
+        wasted_ += std::strlen(names_.data() + entries_[last].name) + 1;
+        entries_[last] = candidate;
+        if (wasted_ > 2048) compact();
+        return;
+    }
+    if (entries_.empty()) {
+        entries_.reserve(32);
+        names_.reserve(512);
+    }
+    entries_.push_back({static_cast<uint32_t>(names_.size()), size, modified, folder});
+    names_.insert(names_.end(), name, name + len);
+    order_.push_back(static_cast<uint16_t>(order_.size()));
+}
+
+void FileList::compact() {
+    std::vector<char> packed;
+    packed.reserve(names_.size() - wasted_);
+    for (Entry& e : entries_) {
+        const char* n = names_.data() + e.name;
+        e.name = static_cast<uint32_t>(packed.size());
+        packed.insert(packed.end(), n, n + std::strlen(n) + 1);
+    }
+    names_.swap(packed);
+    wasted_ = 0;
+}
+
+void FileList::sort(FileSort by) {
+    if (wasted_) compact();
+    names_.shrink_to_fit();
+    entries_.shrink_to_fit();
+    order_.resize(entries_.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < order_.size(); i++) order_[i] = static_cast<uint16_t>(i);
+    std::sort(order_.begin(), order_.end(), [&](uint16_t a, uint16_t b) { return before(entries_[a], entries_[b], by); });
+}
+
+int FileList::find(const std::string& name) const {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < order_.size(); i++)
+        if (name == this->name(i)) return static_cast<int>(i);
+    return -1;
+}
+
+size_t FileList::bytes() const {
+    return entries_.capacity() * sizeof(Entry) + order_.capacity() * sizeof(uint16_t) + names_.capacity();
+}
+
+std::string formatStamp(uint32_t modified) {
+    if (modified < kYear2020) return "-";
+    time_t t = static_cast<time_t>(modified);
+    struct tm local;
+    localtime_r(&t, &local);
+    char s[20];
+    std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d", local.tm_year + 1900, local.tm_mon + 1, local.tm_mday, local.tm_hour,
+                  local.tm_min);
+    return s;
+}
+
+std::string rowDetail(bool folder, uint32_t size, uint32_t modified) {
+    if (folder) return "folder";
+    std::string stamp = formatStamp(modified);
+    return sizeText(size) + "  " + (stamp == "-" ? stamp : stamp.substr(0, 10));
+}
+
+std::string fitName(const std::string& name, size_t maxChars) {
+    if (name.size() <= maxChars || maxChars < 8) return name.substr(0, maxChars);
+    size_t tail = std::min<size_t>(6, maxChars / 3), head = maxChars - tail - 2;
+    return name.substr(0, head) + ".." + name.substr(name.size() - tail);
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro::files
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace roro::files {
+
+enum class FileSort : uint8_t { Name, Date, Size };
+
+// A folder's entries for the Storage App (F1, Q129, Q136): 256 at most, the names packed into
+// one buffer, about 10 KB when full. A bigger folder keeps the first 256 by name, whatever order
+// the card lists them in, and counts the rest.
+class FileList {
+   public:
+    static constexpr size_t kMax = 256;
+
+    void clear();
+    void add(const char* name, uint32_t size, uint32_t modified, bool folder);
+    void sort(FileSort by);  // folders first, by name; then files by name, newest or biggest first
+
+    size_t count() const { return entries_.size(); }
+    size_t more() const { return more_; }  // entries that didn't fit
+    // By position after sort().
+    const char* name(size_t i) const { return names_.data() + entries_[order_[i]].name; }
+    uint32_t size(size_t i) const { return entries_[order_[i]].size; }
+    uint32_t modified(size_t i) const { return entries_[order_[i]].modified; }  // Unix time, 0 if unknown
+    bool folder(size_t i) const { return entries_[order_[i]].folder; }
+    int find(const std::string& name) const;  // position, or -1
+    size_t bytes() const;                     // memory held
+
+   private:
+    struct Entry {
+        uint32_t name;  // offset into names_
+        uint32_t size, modified;
+        bool folder;
+    };
+    bool before(const Entry& a, const Entry& b, FileSort by) const;
+    void compact();
+
+    std::vector<Entry> entries_;
+    std::vector<uint16_t> order_;
+    std::vector<char> names_;
+    size_t more_ = 0, wasted_ = 0;
+};
+
+// What a row shows on the right (Q129): "folder", or "1.2 KB  2026-10-05". A file dated before
+// 2020 was written before the clock was set: "-" (Q137). Local time.
+std::string rowDetail(bool folder, uint32_t size, uint32_t modified);
+std::string formatStamp(uint32_t modified);
+// A name cut to `maxChars` for a row, from the middle: the start and the extension stay readable.
+std::string fitName(const std::string& name, size_t maxChars);  // "2026-10-05 20:00", or "-"
+
+}  // namespace roro::files
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#include "file_names.h"
+
+#include <cctype>
+
+namespace roro::files {
+
+const char* const kFirmwareFolders[] = {"/irc", "/wifi", "/updates", "/gnss", "/gemini", "/captures", "/notes"};
+const size_t kFirmwareFolderCount = sizeof kFirmwareFolders / sizeof kFirmwareFolders[0];
+
+std::string parentOf(const std::string& path) {
+    size_t slash = path.rfind('/');
+    return slash == std::string::npos || slash == 0 ? "/" : path.substr(0, slash);
+}
+
+std::string baseName(const std::string& path) {
+    size_t slash = path.rfind('/');
+    return slash == std::string::npos ? path : path.substr(slash + 1);
+}
+
+std::string joinPath(const std::string& folder, const std::string& name) {
+    return folder == "/" ? "/" + name : folder + "/" + name;
+}
+
+std::string extensionOf(const std::string& name) {
+    size_t dot = name.rfind('.');
+    if (dot == std::string::npos || dot == 0) return "";
+    std::string ext = name.substr(dot + 1);
+    for (char& c : ext) c = static_cast<char>(std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)));
+    return ext;
+}
+
+bool isInside(const std::string& path, const std::string& folder) {
+    if (folder == "/") return true;
+    if (path.compare(0, folder.size(), folder) != 0) return false;
+    return path.size() == folder.size() || path[folder.size()] == '/';
+}
+
+std::string checkName(const std::string& name) {
+    if (name.empty()) return "A name can't be empty";
+    if (name == "." || name == "..") return "\".\" and \"..\" aren't names";
+    if (name.size() > 64) return "A name can be 64 characters at most";
+    for (char c : name) {
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) < 0x20) return "A name can't contain control characters";
+        for (char bad : std::string("/\\:*?\"<>|"))
+            if (c == bad) return std::string("A name can't contain ") + c;
+    }
+    if (name.back() == '.' || name.back() == ' ') return "A name can't end with a dot or a space";
+    return "";
+}
+
+std::string whyReadOnly(const std::string& path, const std::vector<std::string>& inUse) {
+    if (path == "/" || path.empty()) return "That's the card itself";
+    if (isInside(path, kGeminiCache)) return std::string(kGeminiCache) + " is the Gemini App's working space";
+    for (const std::string& open : inUse) {
+        if (open == path) return "It's being written right now";
+        if (isInside(open, path)) return "It holds a file that's being written right now";
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kFirmwareFolderCount; i++)
+        if (path == kFirmwareFolders[i]) return std::string("The firmware keeps its files in ") + path;
+    return "";
+}
+
+std::string whyNotInto(const std::string& source, const std::string& into) {
+    if (isInside(into, kGeminiCache)) return std::string(kGeminiCache) + " is the Gemini App's working space";
+    if (isInside(into, source)) return "A folder can't go inside itself";
+    if (parentOf(source) == into) return "It's already there";
+    return "";
+}
+
+std::string copyName(const std::string& name, int n) {
+    size_t dot = name.rfind('.');
+    std::string suffix = " (" + std::to_string(n) + ")";
+    if (dot == std::string::npos || dot == 0) return name + suffix;
+    return name.substr(0, dot) + suffix + name.substr(dot);
+}
+
+FileKind kindOf(const std::string& name) {
+    std::string ext = extensionOf(name);
+    if (ext == "gpx") return FileKind::Gpx;
+    if (ext == "pcap") return FileKind::Pcap;
+    if (ext == "ota") return FileKind::Ota;
+    for (const char* text : {"txt", "log", "gmi", "csv", "md", "json", "ini", "conf", "ir"})
+        if (ext == text) return FileKind::Text;
+    return FileKind::Unknown;
+}
+
+bool opensAtEnd(const std::string& name) { return extensionOf(name) == "log"; }
+
+bool looksLikeText(const uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
+    size_t odd = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        uint8_t b = data[i];
+        if (b == 0) return false;
+        if (b < 0x20 && b != '\n' && b != '\r' && b != '\t') odd++;
+    }
+    return odd * 20 <= len;  // a stray control character or two is still text
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro::files
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace roro::files {
+
+// Paths on the SD card are absolute and use '/': "/gemini/saved/index.gmi".
+std::string parentOf(const std::string& path);    // "/" for a top-level entry and for "/"
+std::string baseName(const std::string& path);    // "" for "/"
+std::string joinPath(const std::string& folder, const std::string& name);
+std::string extensionOf(const std::string& name);  // lower case, without the dot; "" if none
+bool isInside(const std::string& path, const std::string& folder);  // a folder is inside itself
+
+// A name typed for rename or a new folder (F1, Q131): "" if FAT and this App can take it, or why not.
+std::string checkName(const std::string& name);
+
+// The top-level folders the firmware keeps its files in. They can't be renamed or deleted;
+// what's in them can (Q130).
+extern const char* const kFirmwareFolders[];
+extern const size_t kFirmwareFolderCount;
+constexpr const char* kGeminiCache = "/gemini/cache";
+
+// Why `path` can't be renamed, moved or deleted, or "" if it can (Q130). `inUse`: the files the
+// firmware has open right now.
+std::string whyReadOnly(const std::string& path, const std::vector<std::string>& inUse);
+
+// Why `source` can't be copied or moved into the folder `into`, or "" if it can.
+std::string whyNotInto(const std::string& source, const std::string& into);
+
+// "a (2).gmi": the name of a copy made next to its original.
+std::string copyName(const std::string& name, int n);
+
+// Which viewer opens a file (Q134), from its name. Unknown: look at the first bytes.
+enum class FileKind : uint8_t { Text, Gpx, Pcap, Ota, Unknown };
+FileKind kindOf(const std::string& name);
+bool opensAtEnd(const std::string& name);  // logs
+bool looksLikeText(const uint8_t* data, size_t len);
+
+}  // namespace roro::files
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#include "file_views.h"
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "file_list.h"
+#include "track.h"
+
+namespace roro::files {
+
+std::string hexRow(uint32_t offset, const uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
+    char head[8];
+    std::snprintf(head, sizeof head, "%05X", static_cast<unsigned>(offset));
+    std::string row = head, text;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        if (i % 2 == 0) row += ' ';
+        char hex[3] = "  ";
+        if (i < len) {
+            std::snprintf(hex, sizeof hex, "%02x", data[i]);
+            text += data[i] >= 0x20 && data[i] < 0x7F ? static_cast<char>(data[i]) : '.';
+        }
+        row += hex;
+    }
+    return row + "  " + text;
+}
+
+namespace {
+// Days since 1970-01-01 (Howard Hinnant's days_from_civil): no timegm() everywhere.
+int64_t daysFromCivil(int y, int m, int d) {
+    y -= m <= 2;
+    int64_t era = (y >= 0 ? y : y - 399) / 400;
+    int yoe = static_cast<int>(y - era * 400);
+    int doy = (153 * (m + (m > 2 ? -3 : 9)) + 2) / 5 + d - 1;
+    int doe = yoe * 365 + yoe / 4 - yoe / 100 + doy;
+    return era * 146097 + doe - 719468;
+}
+
+bool attribute(const std::string& element, const char* name, double& out) {
+    size_t at = element.find(name);
+    if (at == std::string::npos) return false;
+    const char* from = element.c_str() + at + std::strlen(name);
+    char* end = nullptr;
+    out = std::strtod(from, &end);
+    return end != from;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+void GpxSummary::point(const std::string& element) {
+    double lat, lon;
+    if (!attribute(element, "lat=\"", lat) || !attribute(element, "lon=\"", lon)) return;
+    if (points_ > 0) meters_ += gnss::distanceMeters(lat_, lon_, lat, lon);
+    lat_ = lat;
+    lon_ = lon;
+    points_++;
+    size_t at = element.find("<time>");
+    int y, mo, d, h, mi, s;
+    if (at != std::string::npos && std::sscanf(element.c_str() + at + 6, "%d-%d-%dT%d:%d:%d", &y, &mo, &d, &h, &mi, &s) == 6) {
+        int64_t t = daysFromCivil(y, mo, d) * 86400 + h * 3600 + mi * 60 + s;
+        if (first_ == 0) first_ = t;
+        last_ = t;
+    }
+}
+
+void GpxSummary::feed(const char* data, size_t len) {
+    carry_.append(data, len);
+    size_t done = 0;
+    for (;;) {
+        size_t open = carry_.find("<trkpt", done);
+        if (open == std::string::npos) {
+            // Nothing begun, except perhaps the first letters of a tag at the very end.
+            done = carry_.size() > 6 ? carry_.size() - 6 : done;
+            break;
+        }
+        size_t close = carry_.find("</trkpt>", open);
+        size_t next = carry_.find("<trkpt", open + 6);  // a point with nothing inside: <trkpt .../>
+        if (close == std::string::npos && next == std::string::npos) {
+            done = open;
+            break;
+        }
+        size_t end = close != std::string::npos && (next == std::string::npos || close < next) ? close + 8 : next;
+        point(carry_.substr(open, end - open));
+        done = end;
+    }
+    carry_.erase(0, done);
+    if (carry_.size() > 2048) carry_.erase(0, carry_.size() - 6);  // not a GPX point: don't keep it
+}
+
+std::string formatDuration(int64_t seconds) {
+    char s[24];
+    if (seconds < 60) std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%d s", static_cast<int>(seconds));
+    else if (seconds < 3600) std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%d min %02d s", static_cast<int>(seconds / 60), static_cast<int>(seconds % 60));
+    else std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%d h %02d min", static_cast<int>(seconds / 3600), static_cast<int>(seconds % 3600 / 60));
+    return s;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> GpxSummary::lines() const {
+    std::vector<std::string> out;
+    out.push_back(std::to_string(points_) + (points_ == 1 ? " point" : " points"));
+    if (first_ > 0) {
+        out.push_back("Started " + formatStamp(static_cast<uint32_t>(first_)));
+        out.push_back("Lasted " + formatDuration(last_ - first_));
+    }
+    char s[32];
+    if (meters_ < 1000) std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "Distance %.0f m", meters_);
+    else std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "Distance %.2f km", meters_ / 1000);
+    out.push_back(s);
+    return out;
+}
+
+namespace {
+uint32_t le32(const uint8_t* p) { return p[0] | p[1] << 8 | p[2] << 16 | static_cast<uint32_t>(p[3]) << 24; }
+}  // namespace
+
+PcapHeader parsePcapHeader(const uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
+    PcapHeader h;
+    if (len < kPcapHeaderSize || le32(data) != 0xA1B2C3D4) return h;  // little-endian, microseconds: what we write
+    h.ok = true;
+    h.linkType = le32(data + 20);
+    return h;
+}
+
+bool parsePcapRecord(const uint8_t* data, size_t len, PcapRecord& out) {
+    if (len < kPcapRecordSize) return false;
+    out.seconds = le32(data);
+    out.micros = le32(data + 4);
+    out.length = le32(data + 8);
+    return out.length <= 65535;
+}
+
+bool parseLoraTap(const uint8_t* d, size_t len, lora::RxInfo& out) {
+    if (len < lora::kLoraTapSize || d[0] != 0) return false;
+    out.frequencyHz = static_cast<uint32_t>(d[4]) << 24 | d[5] << 16 | d[6] << 8 | d[7];
+    out.bandwidthKHz = d[8] * 125.0f;
+    out.spreadingFactor = d[9];
+    out.rssi = d[10] - 139.0f;
+    out.noiseFloor = d[12] - 139.0f;
+    out.snr = static_cast<int8_t>(d[13]) / 4.0f;
+    out.syncWord = d[14];
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro::files
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "loratap.h"
+
+namespace roro::files {
+
+// What the Storage App's viewers show of the files the firmware writes (F1, Q134).
+
+// One row of a hex dump, eight bytes: "00010 4865 6c6c 6f2c 2077  Hello, w".
+std::string hexRow(uint32_t offset, const uint8_t* data, size_t len);
+
+// A Track (.gpx) read a piece at a time: its points, when it started and ended, how far it went.
+class GpxSummary {
+   public:
+    void feed(const char* data, size_t len);
+
+    uint32_t points() const { return points_; }
+    int64_t start() const { return first_; }  // UTC seconds, 0 if no point carried a time
+    int64_t end() const { return last_; }
+    double meters() const { return meters_; }
+    std::vector<std::string> lines() const;  // for the screen
+
+   private:
+    void point(const std::string& element);
+
+    std::string carry_;  // the part of a point cut by the end of a piece
+    uint32_t points_ = 0;
+    int64_t first_ = 0, last_ = 0;
+    double meters_ = 0, lat_ = 0, lon_ = 0;
+};
+
+// "1 h 02 min", "4 min 10 s", "12 s".
+std::string formatDuration(int64_t seconds);
+
+// A Capture (.pcap): the file's header, then one record after another.
+struct PcapHeader {
+    bool ok = false;
+    uint32_t linkType = 0;  // 270: LoRaTap, what the LoRa Scanner writes
+};
+constexpr size_t kPcapHeaderSize = 24, kPcapRecordSize = 16;
+constexpr uint32_t kLinkLoraTap = 270;
+PcapHeader parsePcapHeader(const uint8_t* data, size_t len);
+
+struct PcapRecord {
+    uint32_t seconds = 0, micros = 0, length = 0;  // length: the bytes that follow in the file
+};
+bool parsePcapRecord(const uint8_t* data, size_t len, PcapRecord& out);  // false: not a record, stop there
+
+// The LoRaTap header a packet starts with; false if `len` is too short for one.
+bool parseLoraTap(const uint8_t* data, size_t len, lora::RxInfo& out);
+
+}  // namespace roro::files
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#include "text_pager.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace roro::files {
+
+TextPager::TextPager(ReadAt read, uint32_t size, int cols, int rows)
+    : read_(std::move(read)), size_(size), cols_(std::max(1, cols)), rows_(std::max(1, rows)) {}
+
+const uint8_t* TextPager::bytes(uint32_t at, size_t& len) {
+    len = 0;
+    if (at >= size_) return nullptr;
+    bool cached = at >= cacheAt_ && at < cacheAt_ + cache_.size();
+    // Wanted: a line's worth ahead, unless the cache already reaches the end of the file.
+    size_t ahead = cached ? cacheAt_ + cache_.size() - at : 0;
+    if (!cached || (ahead < kBlock / 4 && cacheAt_ + cache_.size() < size_)) {
+        cacheAt_ = at - std::min<uint32_t>(at, kBlock / 2);  // room behind too: scrolling back is common
+        cache_.resize(std::min<uint32_t>(kBlock, size_ - cacheAt_));
+        cache_.resize(read_(cacheAt_, cache_.data(), cache_.size()));
+        if (at >= cacheAt_ + cache_.size()) return nullptr;  // the file got shorter, or the card failed
+    }
+    len = cacheAt_ + cache_.size() - at;
+    return cache_.data() + (at - cacheAt_);
+}
+
+int TextPager::byteAt(uint32_t at) {
+    size_t len;
+    const uint8_t* p = bytes(at, len);
+    return p ? *p : -1;
+}
+
+uint32_t TextPager::nextLine(uint32_t at, std::string* text) {
+    size_t len;
+    const uint8_t* p = bytes(at, len);
+    if (text) text->clear();
+    if (!p) return size_;
+    size_t end = len, next = len;  // the line is [0, end); the one after starts at `next`
+    int count = 0;
+    size_t lastSpace = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        uint8_t b = p[i];
+        if (b == '\n') {
+            end = i;
+            next = i + 1;
+            break;
+        }
+        if ((b & 0xC0) == 0x80) continue;  // inside a UTF-8 character
+        if (count == cols_) {              // one character too many: wrap
+            if (b == ' ') end = i, next = i + 1;
+            else if (lastSpace > 0) end = lastSpace, next = lastSpace + 1;
+            else end = next = i;
+            break;
+        }
+        count++;
+        if (b == ' ') lastSpace = i;
+    }
+    if (text) {
+        size_t n = end > 0 && p[end - 1] == '\r' ? end - 1 : end;
+        text->reserve(n);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) text->push_back(p[i] == '\t' ? ' ' : (p[i] < 0x20 || p[i] == 0x7F) ? '.' : static_cast<char>(p[i]));
+    }
+    return at + static_cast<uint32_t>(std::max<size_t>(next, 1));
+}
+
+uint32_t TextPager::lineBefore(uint32_t at) {
+    if (at == 0) return 0;
+    at = std::min(at, size_);
+    // The paragraph the line before `at` belongs to starts after the newline before it. The byte
+    // just before `at` may be that line's own newline.
+    uint32_t from = at - 1;
+    if (from > 0 && byteAt(from) == '\n') from--;
+    uint32_t limit = at > kLookBack ? at - kLookBack : 0, start = limit;
+    for (uint32_t i = from + 1; i-- > limit;) {
+        if (byteAt(i) == '\n' && i < at - 1) {
+            start = i + 1;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    // No newline that near: any character boundary will do as a place to wrap from.
+    while (start > 0 && start < at && (byteAt(start) & 0xC0) == 0x80) start++;
+    for (uint32_t a = start;;) {
+        uint32_t next = nextLine(a, nullptr);
+        if (next >= at) return a;
+        a = next;
+    }
+}
+
+bool TextPager::atEnd() {
+    uint32_t a = top_;
+    for (int i = 0; i < rows_; i++) {
+        a = nextLine(a, nullptr);
+        if (a >= size_) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void TextPager::down(int n) {
+    for (; n > 0 && !atEnd(); n--) top_ = nextLine(top_, nullptr);
+}
+
+void TextPager::up(int n) {
+    for (; n > 0 && top_ > 0; n--) top_ = lineBefore(top_);
+}
+
+void TextPager::toEnd() {
+    top_ = size_;
+    up(rows_);
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> TextPager::lines() {
+    std::vector<std::string> out;
+    uint32_t a = top_;
+    for (int i = 0; i < rows_ && a < size_; i++) {
+        std::string text;
+        a = nextLine(a, &text);
+        out.push_back(std::move(text));
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro::files
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace roro::files {
+
+// A text file of any size, shown a screen at a time (F1, Q134): only the part on screen is read,
+// through `read`, about a kilobyte at once. Lines wrap at spaces, `cols` characters wide. Going
+// back a line means finding where the paragraph before started and wrapping it again, so a file
+// reads the same whichever way it was scrolled.
+class TextPager {
+   public:
+    // Reads up to `len` bytes at `offset`; returns how many it got.
+    using ReadAt = std::function<size_t(uint32_t offset, uint8_t* into, size_t len)>;
+
+    TextPager(ReadAt read, uint32_t size, int cols, int rows);
+
+    void toStart() { top_ = 0; }
+    void toEnd();  // the last line at the bottom of the screen
+    void down(int lines = 1);
+    void up(int lines = 1);
+
+    std::vector<std::string> lines();  // what's on screen: tabs as spaces, control characters as dots
+    uint32_t top() const { return top_; }
+    uint32_t size() const { return size_; }
+    bool atEnd();  // the file's last line is on screen
+    int percent() const { return size_ ? static_cast<int>(static_cast<uint64_t>(top_) * 100 / size_) : 0; }
+
+   private:
+    static constexpr size_t kBlock = 1024;       // read at once
+    static constexpr uint32_t kLookBack = 1024;  // how far back a paragraph's start is looked for
+
+    const uint8_t* bytes(uint32_t at, size_t& len);  // what's cached from `at` on
+    int byteAt(uint32_t at);                         // -1 past the end
+    uint32_t nextLine(uint32_t at, std::string* text);  // where the line after the one at `at` starts
+    uint32_t lineBefore(uint32_t at);
+
+    ReadAt read_;
+    uint32_t size_;
+    int cols_, rows_;
+    uint32_t top_ = 0;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> cache_;
+    uint32_t cacheAt_ = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace roro::files
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#include "gemini_response.h"
+
+#include <cctype>
+
+namespace roro::gemini {
+
+namespace {
+std::string trim(const std::string& s) {
+    size_t a = s.find_first_not_of(" \t"), b = s.find_last_not_of(" \t");
+    return a == std::string::npos ? "" : s.substr(a, b - a + 1);
+}
+std::string lower(std::string s) {
+    for (auto& c : s) c = static_cast<char>(std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)));
+    return s;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+bool parseHeader(const std::string& line, Header& out) {
+    if (line.size() < 2 || !std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(line[0])) ||
+        !std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(line[1])))
+        return false;
+    if (line.size() > 2 && line[2] != ' ') return false;
+    std::string meta = line.size() > 3 ? line.substr(3) : "";
+    if (meta.size() > 1024) return false;
+    out.status = (line[0] - '0') * 10 + (line[1] - '0');
+    out.meta = meta;
+    return true;
+}
+
+Category Header::category() const {
+    switch (status / 10) {
+        case 1: return Category::Input;
+        case 2: return Category::Success;
+        case 3: return Category::Redirect;
+        case 4: return Category::TemporaryFailure;
+        case 5: return Category::PermanentFailure;
+        case 6: return Category::ClientCertificate;
+        default: return Category::Unknown;
+    }
+}
+
+std::string Header::mimeType() const {
+    std::string type = lower(trim(meta.substr(0, meta.find(';'))));
+    return type.empty() ? "text/gemini" : type;
+}
+
+std::string Header::parameter(const std::string& name) const {
+    size_t pos = meta.find(';');
+    while (pos != std::string::npos) {
+        size_t next = meta.find(';', pos + 1);
+        std::string item = trim(meta.substr(pos + 1, next == std::string::npos ? std::string::npos : next - pos - 1));
+        size_t eq = item.find('=');
+        if (eq != std::string::npos && lower(trim(item.substr(0, eq))) == lower(name)) return trim(item.substr(eq + 1));
+        pos = next;
+    }
+    return "";
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro::gemini
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace roro::gemini {
+
+enum class Category { Input, Success, Redirect, TemporaryFailure, PermanentFailure, ClientCertificate, Unknown };
+
+// The response header: "<two digits> <meta>", at most 1024 bytes of meta.
+struct Header {
+    int status = 0;
+    std::string meta;
+
+    Category category() const;
+    bool sensitiveInput() const { return status == 11; }
+    // 2x: the MIME type, lower-cased, without parameters ("text/gemini" when meta is empty).
+    std::string mimeType() const;
+    std::string parameter(const std::string& name) const;  // e.g. "charset"
+};
+
+bool parseHeader(const std::string& line, Header& out);
+
+}  // namespace roro::gemini
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+#include "gemini_url.h"
+
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "storage_paths.h"
+
+namespace roro::gemini {
+
+namespace {
+
+// RFC 3986, appendix B: ^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?
+struct Parts {
+    std::string scheme, authority, path, query, fragment;
+    bool hasScheme = false, hasAuthority = false, hasQuery = false, hasFragment = false;
+};
+
+Parts split(const std::string& s) {
+    Parts p;
+    size_t i = 0;
+    size_t colon = s.find(':');
+    size_t stop = s.find_first_of("/?#");
+    if (colon != std::string::npos && colon > 0 && (stop == std::string::npos || colon < stop)) {
+        p.scheme = s.substr(0, colon);
+        p.hasScheme = true;
+        i = colon + 1;
+    }
+    if (s.compare(i, 2, "//") == 0) {
+        size_t end = s.find_first_of("/?#", i + 2);
+        if (end == std::string::npos) end = s.size();
+        p.authority = s.substr(i + 2, end - i - 2);
+        p.hasAuthority = true;
+        i = end;
+    }
+    size_t end = s.find_first_of("?#", i);
+    if (end == std::string::npos) end = s.size();
+    p.path = s.substr(i, end - i);
+    i = end;
+    if (i < s.size() && s[i] == '?') {
+        end = s.find('#', i);
+        if (end == std::string::npos) end = s.size();
+        p.query = s.substr(i + 1, end - i - 1);
+        p.hasQuery = true;
+        i = end;
+    }
+    if (i < s.size() && s[i] == '#') {
+        p.fragment = s.substr(i + 1);
+        p.hasFragment = true;
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+std::string lower(std::string s) {
+    for (auto& c : s) c = static_cast<char>(std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)));
+    return s;
+}
+
+// RFC 3986, section 5.2.4.
+std::string removeDotSegments(std::string in) {
+    std::string out;
+    while (!in.empty()) {
+        if (in.compare(0, 3, "../") == 0) in.erase(0, 3);
+        else if (in.compare(0, 2, "./") == 0) in.erase(0, 2);
+        else if (in.compare(0, 3, "/./") == 0) in.replace(0, 3, "/");
+        else if (in == "/.") in = "/";
+        else if (in.compare(0, 4, "/../") == 0 || in == "/..") {
+            in = in == "/.." ? "/" : in.substr(3);
+            size_t slash = out.rfind('/');
+            out.erase(slash == std::string::npos ? 0 : slash);
+        } else if (in == "." || in == "..") in.clear();
+        else {
+            size_t next = in.find('/', in[0] == '/' ? 1 : 0);
+            if (next == std::string::npos) next = in.size();
+            out += in.substr(0, next);
+            in.erase(0, next);
+        }
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+// RFC 3986, section 5.2.3.
+std::string merge(const Parts& base, const std::string& refPath) {
+    if (base.hasAuthority && base.path.empty()) return "/" + refPath;
+    size_t slash = base.path.rfind('/');
+    return slash == std::string::npos ? refPath : base.path.substr(0, slash + 1) + refPath;
+}
+
+// RFC 3986, section 5.3.
+std::string recompose(const Parts& p) {
+    std::string out;
+    if (p.hasScheme) out += p.scheme + ":";
+    if (p.hasAuthority) out += "//" + p.authority;
+    out += p.path;
+    if (p.hasQuery) out += "?" + p.query;
+    if (p.hasFragment) out += "#" + p.fragment;
+    return out;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool parseUrl(const std::string& text, Url& out) {
+    Parts p = split(text);
+    if (!p.hasScheme || !p.hasAuthority) return false;
+    out = Url();
+    out.scheme = lower(p.scheme);
+    out.authority = p.authority;
+    std::string hostPort = p.authority.substr(p.authority.find('@') == std::string::npos ? 0 : p.authority.find('@') + 1);
+    size_t colon = hostPort.rfind(':');
+    if (colon != std::string::npos && hostPort.find(']', colon) == std::string::npos) {
+        out.port = std::atoi(hostPort.c_str() + colon + 1);
+        hostPort = hostPort.substr(0, colon);
+    }
+    out.host = lower(hostPort);
+    if (out.host.empty()) return false;
+    out.path = p.path;
+    out.query = p.query;
+    out.fragment = p.fragment;
+    out.hasAuthority = true;
+    out.hasQuery = p.hasQuery;
+    out.hasFragment = p.hasFragment;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool isGemini(const std::string& url) {
+    Parts p = split(url);
+    return p.hasScheme && lower(p.scheme) == "gemini";
+}
+
+std::string resolve(const std::string& baseText, const std::string& refText) {
+    Parts base = split(baseText), r = split(refText), t;
+    if (r.hasScheme) {
+        t = r;
+        t.path = removeDotSegments(r.path);
+    } else {
+        if (r.hasAuthority) {
+            t.authority = r.authority;
+            t.hasAuthority = true;
+            t.path = removeDotSegments(r.path);
+            t.query = r.query;
+            t.hasQuery = r.hasQuery;
+        } else {
+            if (r.path.empty()) {
+                t.path = base.path;
+                t.query = r.hasQuery ? r.query : base.query;
+                t.hasQuery = r.hasQuery || base.hasQuery;
+            } else {
+                t.path = removeDotSegments(r.path[0] == '/' ? r.path : merge(base, r.path));
+                t.query = r.query;
+                t.hasQuery = r.hasQuery;
+            }
+            t.authority = base.authority;
+            t.hasAuthority = base.hasAuthority;
+        }
+        t.scheme = base.scheme;
+        t.hasScheme = base.hasScheme;
+    }
+    t.fragment = r.fragment;
+    t.hasFragment = r.hasFragment;
+    return recompose(t);
+}
+
+std::string requestUrl(const std::string& url) {
+    Url u;
+    if (!parseUrl(url, u)) return url;
+    std::string out = u.scheme + "://" + u.host;
+    if (u.port > 0 && u.port != 1965) out += ":" + std::to_string(u.port);
+    out += u.path.empty() ? "/" : u.path;
+    if (u.hasQuery) out += "?" + u.query;
+    return out;
+}
+
+std::string encodeQuery(const std::string& text) {
+    std::string out;
+    for (unsigned char c : text) {
+        if (std::isalnum(c) || c == '-' || c == '_' || c == '.' || c == '~') out += static_cast<char>(c);
+        else {
+            char buf[4];
+            std::snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%%%02X", c);
+            out += buf;
+        }
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+std::string savedPath(const std::string& url) {
+    Url u;
+    if (!parseUrl(url, u)) return "/gemini/saved/unknown.gmi";
+    std::string out = "/gemini/saved/" + storage::sanitize(u.host + (u.port > 0 && u.port != 1965 ? "_" + std::to_string(u.port) : ""));
+    std::string path = u.path.empty() ? "/" : u.path;
+    std::vector<std::string> parts;
+    size_t start = 1;
+    while (start <= path.size()) {
+        size_t slash = path.find('/', start);
+        if (slash == std::string::npos) slash = path.size();
+        parts.push_back(path.substr(start, slash - start));
+        start = slash + 1;
+    }
+    if (parts.empty() || parts.back().empty()) {
+        if (!parts.empty()) parts.pop_back();
+        parts.push_back("index");
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < parts.size(); i++) {
+        std::string name = parts[i];
+        if (i + 1 == parts.size()) {
+            if (u.hasQuery) name += "~" + u.query;
+            if (name.size() < 4 || name.compare(name.size() - 4, 4, ".gmi") != 0) name += ".gmi";
+        }
+        out += "/" + storage::sanitize(name);
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro::gemini
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace roro::gemini {
+
+// A URL split per RFC 3986 (appendix B). For Gemini, the host is lower-cased and the port
+// defaults to 1965.
+struct Url {
+    std::string scheme, authority, host, path, query, fragment;
+    int port = -1;
+    bool hasAuthority = false, hasQuery = false, hasFragment = false;
+    int portOrDefault() const { return port > 0 ? port : 1965; }
+};
+
+// False unless it has a scheme and a host: only absolute URLs are fetched.
+bool parseUrl(const std::string& text, Url& out);
+bool isGemini(const std::string& url);
+// `ref` against `base`, per RFC 3986 section 5.2 (dot segments included).
+std::string resolve(const std::string& base, const std::string& ref);
+// What goes on the wire: no fragment, lower-case host, never an empty path.
+std::string requestUrl(const std::string& url);
+// For input prompts: everything but unreserved characters percent-encoded (UTF-8 bytes).
+std::string encodeQuery(const std::string& text);
+// Where a Saved Page lives (Q82): /gemini/saved/<host>[_<port>]/<path>[~<query>].gmi
+std::string savedPath(const std::string& url);
+
+}  // namespace roro::gemini
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#include "gemtext.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace roro::gemini {
+
+namespace {
+std::string trim(const std::string& s) {
+    size_t a = s.find_first_not_of(" \t"), b = s.find_last_not_of(" \t");
+    return a == std::string::npos ? "" : s.substr(a, b - a + 1);
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+GemLine parseGemLine(const std::string& line, bool& pre) {
+    GemLine g;
+    if (line.compare(0, 3, "```") == 0) {
+        g.type = LineType::PreToggle;
+        g.text = trim(line.substr(3));
+        pre = !pre;
+    } else if (pre) {
+        g.type = LineType::Preformatted;
+        g.text = line;
+    } else if (line.compare(0, 2, "=>") == 0) {
+        g.type = LineType::Link;
+        std::string rest = trim(line.substr(2));
+        size_t gap = rest.find_first_of(" \t");
+        g.url = rest.substr(0, gap);
+        g.text = gap == std::string::npos ? "" : trim(rest.substr(gap));
+        if (g.text.empty()) g.text = g.url;
+    } else if (line.compare(0, 3, "###") == 0) {
+        g.type = LineType::Heading3;
+        g.text = trim(line.substr(3));
+    } else if (line.compare(0, 2, "##") == 0) {
+        g.type = LineType::Heading2;
+        g.text = trim(line.substr(2));
+    } else if (line.compare(0, 1, "#") == 0) {
+        g.type = LineType::Heading1;
+        g.text = trim(line.substr(1));
+    } else if (line.compare(0, 2, "* ") == 0) {
+        g.type = LineType::ListItem;
+        g.text = trim(line.substr(2));
+    } else if (line.compare(0, 1, ">") == 0) {
+        g.type = LineType::Quote;
+        g.text = trim(line.substr(1));
+    } else {
+        g.text = line;
+    }
+    return g;
+}
+
+std::vector<GemLine> parseGemtext(const std::string& document) {
+    std::vector<GemLine> lines;
+    bool pre = false;
+    size_t start = 0;
+    while (start < document.size()) {
+        size_t end = document.find('\n', start);
+        if (end == std::string::npos) end = document.size();
+        std::string line = document.substr(start, end - start);
+        if (!line.empty() && line.back() == '\r') line.pop_back();
+        start = end + 1;
+        lines.push_back(parseGemLine(line, pre));
+    }
+    return lines;
+}
+
+std::string displayText(const std::string& s) {
+    std::string out;
+    size_t column = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < s.size();) {
+        unsigned char c = static_cast<unsigned char>(s[i]);
+        if (c == '\t') {
+            do out += ' ';
+            while (++column % 4);
+            i++;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (c < 0x80) {
+            out += static_cast<char>(c);
+            i++;
+        } else {
+            int len = (c & 0xE0) == 0xC0 ? 2 : (c & 0xF0) == 0xE0 ? 3 : (c & 0xF8) == 0xF0 ? 4 : 0;
+            bool valid = len > 0 && i + len <= s.size();
+            for (int k = 1; valid && k < len; k++) valid = (static_cast<unsigned char>(s[i + k]) & 0xC0) == 0x80;
+            if (!valid) {
+                out += '?';
+                i++;
+            } else {
+                uint32_t cp = len == 2 ? (c & 0x1F) : len == 3 ? (c & 0x0F) : (c & 0x07);
+                for (int k = 1; k < len; k++) cp = (cp << 6) | (static_cast<unsigned char>(s[i + k]) & 0x3F);
+                if (cp <= 0xFF) out.append(s, i, len);  // Latin-1: the fonts have it
+                else out += '?';
+                i += len;
+            }
+        }
+        column++;
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro::gemini
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace roro::gemini {
+
+enum class LineType { Text, Link, Heading1, Heading2, Heading3, ListItem, Quote, PreToggle, Preformatted };
+
+// One gemtext line. Link: `url` and its label in `text` (the URL itself without a label).
+// PreToggle: the ``` line, with its alt text. Preformatted: kept exactly.
+struct GemLine {
+    LineType type = LineType::Text;
+    std::string text, url;
+};
+
+// One line; `preformatted` carries the ``` state from line to line (start with false).
+GemLine parseGemLine(const std::string& line, bool& preformatted);
+std::vector<GemLine> parseGemtext(const std::string& document);
+
+// For the Latin-1 fonts (Q79): valid UTF-8 up to U+00FF kept, anything else '?', and tabs
+// expanded to 4-column stops.
+std::string displayText(const std::string& utf8);
+
+}  // namespace roro::gemini
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#include "text_buffer.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace roro::gemini {
+
+void TextBuffer::append(const char* data, size_t len) {
+    bytes_ += len;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        if (data[i] == '\n') endLine();
+        else partial_ += data[i];
+    }
+}
+
+void TextBuffer::finish() {
+    if (!partial_.empty()) endLine();
+}
+
+void TextBuffer::endLine() {
+    if (!partial_.empty() && partial_.back() == '\r') partial_.pop_back();
+    size_t len = std::min<size_t>(partial_.size(), 0xFFFF);
+    // A line never spans two chunks: a new chunk when it doesn't fit (bigger if the line is).
+    if (chunks_.empty() || chunks_.back().size() + len > chunks_.back().capacity()) {
+        chunks_.emplace_back();
+        chunks_.back().reserve(std::max(kChunk, len));
+    }
+    std::string& chunk = chunks_.back();
+    lines_.push_back({static_cast<uint16_t>(chunks_.size() - 1), static_cast<uint16_t>(chunk.size()),
+                      static_cast<uint16_t>(len)});
+    chunk.append(partial_, 0, len);
+    partial_.clear();
+}
+
+std::string TextBuffer::line(size_t i) const {
+    if (i >= lines_.size()) return "";
+    const Ref& r = lines_[i];
+    return chunks_[r.chunk].substr(r.offset, r.length);
+}
+
+void TextBuffer::clear() {
+    chunks_.clear();
+    lines_.clear();
+    partial_.clear();
+    bytes_ = 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro::gemini
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace roro::gemini {
+
+// A page's text, kept as lines in 4 KB chunks: no large contiguous block (with IRC connected the
+// largest free block is about 31 KB) and no copy when it grows. About 4 bytes per line on top of
+// the text itself. Bytes are fed as they arrive; lines end at LF, a CR before it is dropped.
+class TextBuffer {
+   public:
+    static constexpr size_t kChunk = 4096;
+
+    void append(const char* data, size_t len);
+    void finish();  // the last line, if it has no line end
+    size_t lineCount() const { return lines_.size(); }
+    std::string line(size_t i) const;
+    size_t bytes() const { return bytes_; }
+    void clear();
+
+   private:
+    struct Ref {
+        uint16_t chunk;
+        uint16_t offset;
+        uint16_t length;
+    };
+    void endLine();
+
+    std::vector<std::string> chunks_;
+    std::vector<Ref> lines_;
+    std::string partial_;  // the line being received
+    size_t bytes_ = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace roro::gemini
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include "geo_format.h"
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+namespace roro::gnss {
+
+namespace {
+const char* hemisphere(double degrees, bool latitude) {
+    return latitude ? (degrees < 0 ? "S" : "N") : (degrees < 0 ? "W" : "E");
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+std::string formatDecimal(double degrees, bool latitude) {
+    char buf[32];
+    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%.5f\xC2\xB0 %s", std::fabs(degrees), hemisphere(degrees, latitude));
+    return buf;
+}
+
+std::string formatDms(double degrees, bool latitude) {
+    // Work in tenths of a second, so rounding carries into minutes and degrees.
+    long tenths = std::lround(std::fabs(degrees) * 36000.0);
+    long d = tenths / 36000, m = tenths / 600 % 60, s10 = tenths % 600;
+    char buf[40];
+    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%ld\xC2\xB0 %02ld' %02ld.%ld\" %s", d, m, s10 / 10, s10 % 10,
+                  hemisphere(degrees, latitude));
+    return buf;
+}
+
+std::string maidenhead(double latitude, double longitude) {
+    double lon = std::fmin(std::fmax(longitude + 180.0, 0.0), 359.999999);
+    double lat = std::fmin(std::fmax(latitude + 90.0, 0.0), 179.999999);
+    std::string out;
+    out += static_cast<char>('A' + static_cast<int>(lon / 20));
+    out += static_cast<char>('A' + static_cast<int>(lat / 10));
+    out += static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<int>(std::fmod(lon, 20) / 2));
+    out += static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<int>(std::fmod(lat, 10)));
+    out += static_cast<char>('a' + static_cast<int>(std::fmod(lon, 2) * 12));
+    out += static_cast<char>('a' + static_cast<int>(std::fmod(lat, 1) * 24));
+    return out;
+}
+
+SkyPoint skyPosition(int azimuthDeg, int elevationDeg, int cx, int cy, int radius) {
+    int elevation = elevationDeg < 0 ? 0 : elevationDeg > 90 ? 90 : elevationDeg;
+    double r = radius * (90 - elevation) / 90.0;
+    double az = azimuthDeg * M_PI / 180.0;
+    return {cx + static_cast<int>(std::lround(r * std::sin(az))), cy - static_cast<int>(std::lround(r * std::cos(az)))};
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro::gnss
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace roro::gnss {
+
+// "50.86920° N": five decimals, about a metre.
+std::string formatDecimal(double degrees, bool latitude);
+// "50° 52' 09.1\" N" (Settings → Coordinates, Q64).
+std::string formatDms(double degrees, bool latitude);
+// The 6-character Maidenhead locator ("JO20ef"), as radio amateurs give their square.
+std::string maidenhead(double latitude, double longitude);
+
+// Where a satellite goes on the Sky view: the zenith in the centre, the horizon on the circle,
+// north up and east right (as seen looking at the sky from above, like a map).
+struct SkyPoint {
+    int x, y;
+};
+SkyPoint skyPosition(int azimuthDeg, int elevationDeg, int cx, int cy, int radius);
+
+}  // namespace roro::gnss
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+#include "nmea_parser.h"
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+namespace roro::gnss {
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr double kKmhPerKnot = 1.852;
+
+int hexValue(char c) {
+    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') return c - '0';
+    if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') return c - 'A' + 10;
+    if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') return c - 'a' + 10;
+    return -1;
+}
+
+Constellation fromTalker(const std::string& t) {
+    if (t == "GP") return Constellation::Gps;
+    if (t == "GL") return Constellation::Glonass;
+    if (t == "GA") return Constellation::Galileo;
+    if (t == "GB" || t == "BD") return Constellation::BeiDou;
+    if (t == "GQ" || t == "QZ") return Constellation::Qzss;
+    if (t == "GI") return Constellation::Navic;
+    return Constellation::Unknown;  // GN: combined
+}
+
+// GSA's system ID field (NMEA 4.10).
+Constellation fromSystemId(int id) {
+    switch (id) {
+        case 1: return Constellation::Gps;
+        case 2: return Constellation::Glonass;
+        case 3: return Constellation::Galileo;
+        case 4: return Constellation::BeiDou;
+        case 5: return Constellation::Qzss;
+        case 6: return Constellation::Navic;
+        default: return Constellation::Unknown;
+    }
+}
+
+bool number(const std::string& s, double& out) {
+    if (s.empty()) return false;
+    char* end;
+    out = std::strtod(s.c_str(), &end);
+    return *end == '\0';
+}
+
+int integer(const std::string& s, int fallback = 0) {
+    double v;
+    return number(s, v) ? static_cast<int>(v) : fallback;
+}
+
+// "ddmm.mmmm" / "dddmm.mmmm" with its hemisphere letter.
+bool coordinate(const std::string& value, const std::string& hemisphere, double& out) {
+    double raw;
+    if (!number(value, raw) || hemisphere.empty()) return false;
+    int degrees = static_cast<int>(raw / 100);
+    out = degrees + (raw - degrees * 100) / 60.0;
+    if (hemisphere == "S" || hemisphere == "W") out = -out;
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Days since 1970-01-01 for a civil date (Howard Hinnant's algorithm).
+int64_t daysFromCivil(int y, int m, int d) {
+    y -= m <= 2;
+    const int64_t era = (y >= 0 ? y : y - 399) / 400;
+    const unsigned yoe = static_cast<unsigned>(y - era * 400);
+    const unsigned doy = (153 * (m + (m > 2 ? -3 : 9)) + 2) / 5 + d - 1;
+    const unsigned doe = yoe * 365 + yoe / 4 - yoe / 100 + doy;
+    return era * 146097 + static_cast<int64_t>(doe) - 719468;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+const char* constellationName(Constellation c) {
+    switch (c) {
+        case Constellation::Gps: return "GPS";
+        case Constellation::Glonass: return "GLONASS";
+        case Constellation::Galileo: return "Galileo";
+        case Constellation::BeiDou: return "BeiDou";
+        case Constellation::Qzss: return "QZSS";
+        case Constellation::Navic: return "NavIC";
+        default: return "?";
+    }
+}
+
+int64_t GnssState::utcSeconds() const {
+    return daysFromCivil(year, month, day) * 86400 + hour * 3600 + minute * 60 + second;
+}
+
+void NmeaParser::feed(const char* data, size_t len) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        char c = data[i];
+        if (c == '\n') {
+            if (!overflow_ && !line_.empty()) {
+                if (onLine) onLine(line_);
+                sentence(line_);
+            }
+            line_.clear();
+            overflow_ = false;
+        } else if (c != '\r') {
+            if (line_.size() >= kMaxLine) overflow_ = true;
+            else line_ += c;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool NmeaParser::sentence(const std::string& line) {
+    size_t star = line.rfind('*');
+    if (line.size() < 7 || line[0] != '$' || star == std::string::npos || star + 3 != line.size()) {
+        bad_++;
+        return false;
+    }
+    uint8_t sum = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < star; i++) sum ^= static_cast<uint8_t>(line[i]);
+    int hi = hexValue(line[star + 1]), lo = hexValue(line[star + 2]);
+    if (hi < 0 || lo < 0 || sum != (hi << 4 | lo)) {
+        bad_++;
+        return false;
+    }
+    good_++;
+
+    Fields f;
+    size_t start = 1;
+    for (size_t i = 1; i <= star; i++)
+        if (i == star || line[i] == ',') {
+            f.push_back(line.substr(start, i - start));
+            start = i + 1;
+        }
+    if (f[0].size() < 5) return true;
+    std::string talker = f[0].substr(0, 2), type = f[0].substr(f[0].size() - 3);
+    if (type == "RMC") rmc(f);
+    else if (type == "GGA") gga(f);
+    else if (type == "GSA") gsa(f, fromTalker(talker));
+    else if (type == "GSV") gsv(f, fromTalker(talker));
+    return true;
+}
+
+void NmeaParser::rmc(const Fields& f) {
+    if (f.size() < 10) return;
+    bool active = f[2] == "A";
+    double lat, lon;
+    state_.positionValid = active && coordinate(f[3], f[4], lat) && coordinate(f[5], f[6], lon);
+    if (state_.positionValid) {
+        state_.latitude = lat;
+        state_.longitude = lon;
+    }
+    double knots, course;
+    state_.speedKmh = active && number(f[7], knots) ? static_cast<float>(knots * kKmhPerKnot) : 0;
+    state_.courseValid = active && number(f[8], course);
+    if (state_.courseValid) state_.courseDeg = static_cast<float>(course);
+
+    const std::string &t = f[1], &d = f[9];
+    state_.timeValid = active && t.size() >= 6 && d.size() == 6;
+    if (state_.timeValid) {
+        state_.hour = integer(t.substr(0, 2));
+        state_.minute = integer(t.substr(2, 2));
+        state_.second = integer(t.substr(4, 2));
+        state_.day = integer(d.substr(0, 2));
+        state_.month = integer(d.substr(2, 2));
+        state_.year = 2000 + integer(d.substr(4, 2));
+    }
+}
+
+void NmeaParser::gga(const Fields& f) {
+    if (f.size() < 10) return;
+    int quality = integer(f[6]);
+    double lat, lon, hdop, alt;
+    state_.positionValid = quality > 0 && coordinate(f[2], f[3], lat) && coordinate(f[4], f[5], lon);
+    if (state_.positionValid) {
+        state_.latitude = lat;
+        state_.longitude = lon;
+    }
+    state_.satellitesUsed = integer(f[7]);
+    if (number(f[8], hdop)) state_.hdop = static_cast<float>(hdop);
+    state_.altitudeValid = quality > 0 && number(f[9], alt);
+    if (state_.altitudeValid) state_.altitudeM = static_cast<float>(alt);
+}
+
+void NmeaParser::gsa(const Fields& f, Constellation talker) {
+    if (f.size() < 18) return;
+    int mode = integer(f[2], 1);
+    state_.fix = mode == 3 ? FixType::ThreeD : mode == 2 ? FixType::TwoD : FixType::None;
+    Constellation system = f.size() > 18 ? fromSystemId(integer(f[18])) : talker;
+    if (system == Constellation::Unknown) return;  // can't tell whose satellites these are
+    std::set<int>& used = used_[static_cast<int>(system)];
+    used.clear();
+    for (size_t i = 3; i <= 14; i++)
+        if (!f[i].empty()) used.insert(integer(f[i]));
+    rebuildSatellites();
+}
+
+void NmeaParser::gsv(const Fields& f, Constellation talker) {
+    if (f.size() < 4 || talker == Constellation::Unknown) return;
+    int total = integer(f[1]), number = integer(f[2]);
+    size_t extra = f.size() - 4;
+    int signal = extra % 4 == 1 ? integer(f.back()) : 0;  // NMEA 4.10 signal ID, last
+    auto key = std::make_pair(static_cast<int>(talker), signal);
+    std::vector<Satellite>& pending = pending_[key];
+    if (number == 1) pending.clear();
+    for (size_t i = 4; i + 3 < f.size(); i += 4) {
+        Satellite s;
+        s.system = talker;
+        s.prn = integer(f[i]);
+        s.elevation = integer(f[i + 1]);
+        s.azimuth = integer(f[i + 2]);
+        s.snr = integer(f[i + 3], -1);
+        if (s.prn > 0) pending.push_back(s);
+    }
+    if (number == total) {
+        inView_[key] = pending;
+        pending.clear();
+        rebuildSatellites();
+    }
+}
+
+void NmeaParser::rebuildSatellites() {
+    std::vector<Satellite> merged;
+    for (auto& [key, list] : inView_)
+        for (const Satellite& s : list) {
+            Satellite* same = nullptr;
+            for (auto& m : merged)
+                if (m.system == s.system && m.prn == s.prn) same = &m;
+            if (!same) merged.push_back(s);
+            else if (s.snr > same->snr) same->snr = s.snr;
+        }
+    for (auto& s : merged) {
+        auto it = used_.find(static_cast<int>(s.system));
+        s.used = it != used_.end() && it->second.count(s.prn) > 0;
+    }
+    state_.satellites = std::move(merged);
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro::gnss
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace roro::gnss {
+
+enum class Constellation : uint8_t { Unknown, Gps, Glonass, Galileo, BeiDou, Qzss, Navic };
+const char* constellationName(Constellation c);
+
+enum class FixType : uint8_t { None, TwoD, ThreeD };
+
+struct Satellite {
+    Constellation system = Constellation::Unknown;
+    int prn = 0;
+    int elevation = 0;  // degrees above the horizon
+    int azimuth = 0;    // degrees from north, clockwise
+    int snr = -1;       // dB-Hz; -1 when not tracked
+    bool used = false;  // part of the current Fix
+};
+
+// Everything the receiver has said, as of the last sentence (see CONTEXT.md: Fix).
+struct GnssState {
+    FixType fix = FixType::None;
+    bool positionValid = false;
+    double latitude = 0, longitude = 0;  // degrees, south and west negative
+    bool altitudeValid = false;
+    float altitudeM = 0;  // above mean sea level
+    float speedKmh = 0;
+    bool courseValid = false;
+    float courseDeg = 0;
+    int satellitesUsed = 0;
+    float hdop = 99.9f;
+    // UTC, trusted only with a Fix: the receiver reports a time without one, from its own clock.
+    bool timeValid = false;
+    int year = 0, month = 0, day = 0, hour = 0, minute = 0, second = 0;
+    std::vector<Satellite> satellites;  // in view, all constellations, one entry per satellite
+
+    int64_t utcSeconds() const;  // seconds since 1970-01-01 UTC; meaningful when timeValid
+};
+
+// NMEA 0183 (4.10 style, as the Cap's AT6668 sends it): RMC, GGA, GSA and GSV, with the
+// constellation taken from the talker ID or GSA's system ID field. Host-tested; no hardware here.
+class NmeaParser {
+   public:
+    // Raw bytes from the UART, in any chunks.
+    void feed(const char* data, size_t len);
+    // One sentence without its line end. False if malformed or its checksum is wrong.
+    bool sentence(const std::string& line);
+
+    // Called with every complete line fed in, valid or not (`gnss nmea on` echoes them).
+    std::function<void(const std::string&)> onLine;
+
+    const GnssState& state() const { return state_; }
+    uint32_t goodSentences() const { return good_; }
+    uint32_t badSentences() const { return bad_; }
+
+   private:
+    using Fields = std::vector<std::string>;
+    void rmc(const Fields& f);
+    void gga(const Fields& f);
+    void gsa(const Fields& f, Constellation talker);
+    void gsv(const Fields& f, Constellation talker);
+    void rebuildSatellites();
+
+    static constexpr size_t kMaxLine = 120;
+    std::string line_;
+    bool overflow_ = false;
+    uint32_t good_ = 0, bad_ = 0;
+    GnssState state_;
+    // GSV sequences per (constellation, signal): pending until their last message.
+    std::map<std::pair<int, int>, std::vector<Satellite>> pending_, inView_;
+    std::map<int, std::set<int>> used_;  // per constellation, from GSA
+};
+
+}  // namespace roro::gnss
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#include "track.h"
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <ctime>
+
+namespace roro::gnss {
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr double kEarthRadiusM = 6371000.0;
+
+double radians(double degrees) { return degrees * M_PI / 180.0; }
+
+// UTC fields from seconds since 1970 (gmtime_r works on the device and the PC alike).
+struct tm utc(int64_t seconds) {
+    time_t t = static_cast<time_t>(seconds);
+    struct tm out;
+    gmtime_r(&t, &out);
+    return out;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+double distanceMeters(double lat1, double lon1, double lat2, double lon2) {
+    double dLat = radians(lat2 - lat1), dLon = radians(lon2 - lon1);
+    double h = std::sin(dLat / 2) * std::sin(dLat / 2) +
+               std::cos(radians(lat1)) * std::cos(radians(lat2)) * std::sin(dLon / 2) * std::sin(dLon / 2);
+    return 2 * kEarthRadiusM * std::asin(std::sqrt(h));
+}
+
+bool TrackRule::due(uint32_t nowMs, double lat, double lon) {
+    if (any_ && (nowMs - lastMs_ < kEveryMs || distanceMeters(lat_, lon_, lat, lon) < kMinMeters)) return false;
+    any_ = true;
+    lastMs_ = nowMs;
+    lat_ = lat;
+    lon_ = lon;
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::string trackPath(int64_t utcSeconds) {
+    struct tm t = utc(utcSeconds);
+    char buf[48];
+    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "/gnss/tracks/%04d%02d%02d-%02d%02d%02d.gpx", t.tm_year + 1900, t.tm_mon + 1,
+                  t.tm_mday, t.tm_hour, t.tm_min, t.tm_sec);
+    return buf;
+}
+
+namespace gpx {
+
+std::string header(const std::string& name) {
+    return "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"
+           "<gpx version=\"1.1\" creator=\"roro9stack\" xmlns=\"http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1\">\n"
+           "<trk><name>" + name + "</name><trkseg>";
+}
+
+std::string point(double lat, double lon, bool hasElevation, float elevationM, int64_t utcSeconds) {
+    struct tm t = utc(utcSeconds);
+    char buf[160], ele[32] = "";
+    if (hasElevation) std::snprintf(ele, sizeof ele, "<ele>%.1f</ele>", elevationM);
+    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof buf,
+                  "<trkpt lat=\"%.7f\" lon=\"%.7f\">%s<time>%04d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02dZ</time></trkpt>", lat, lon,
+                  ele, t.tm_year + 1900, t.tm_mon + 1, t.tm_mday, t.tm_hour, t.tm_min, t.tm_sec);
+    return buf;
+}
+
+std::string footer() { return "</trkseg></trk></gpx>"; }
+
+bool finished(const std::string& tail) {
+    size_t end = tail.find_last_not_of(" \r\n\t");
+    return end != std::string::npos && end + 1 >= 6 && tail.compare(end + 1 - 6, 6, "</gpx>") == 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace gpx
+
+}  // namespace roro::gnss
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace roro::gnss {
+
+// Great-circle distance in metres (haversine, mean Earth radius).
+double distanceMeters(double lat1, double lon1, double lat2, double lon2);
+
+// When a Track takes its next point (Q63): the first one always, then at least every 5 s and only
+// after moving at least 5 m, so standing still doesn't fill the card.
+class TrackRule {
+   public:
+    static constexpr uint32_t kEveryMs = 5000;
+    static constexpr double kMinMeters = 5.0;
+
+    // True if this position should be recorded (and is then remembered as the last point).
+    bool due(uint32_t nowMs, double lat, double lon);
+    void reset() { any_ = false; }
+
+   private:
+    bool any_ = false;
+    uint32_t lastMs_ = 0;
+    double lat_ = 0, lon_ = 0;
+};
+
+// "/gnss/tracks/YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS.gpx", from the UTC start time (Storage Clean-up reads its date).
+std::string trackPath(int64_t utcSeconds);
+
+// GPX 1.1, written a line at a time: the header when a Track starts, a point per line, the footer
+// when it stops. A file whose footer never came (power lost) is closed at the next boot.
+namespace gpx {
+std::string header(const std::string& name);
+std::string point(double lat, double lon, bool hasElevation, float elevationM, int64_t utcSeconds);
+std::string footer();
+bool finished(const std::string& tail);  // the end of a file: does it close the GPX?
+}  // namespace gpx
+
+}  // namespace roro::gnss
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include "loratap.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <ctime>
+
+namespace roro::lora {
+
+static void le16(std::vector<uint8_t>& o, uint16_t v) { o.insert(o.end(), {uint8_t(v), uint8_t(v >> 8)}); }
+static void le32(std::vector<uint8_t>& o, uint32_t v) {
+    o.insert(o.end(), {uint8_t(v), uint8_t(v >> 8), uint8_t(v >> 16), uint8_t(v >> 24)});
+}
+
+// LoRaTap's dBm encoding: -139 dBm plus the byte, clamped to what a byte holds.
+static uint8_t dbmByte(float dbm) {
+    long v = std::lround(dbm + 139);
+    return static_cast<uint8_t>(std::clamp(v, 0L, 255L));
+}
+
+std::string capturePath(int64_t utcSeconds) {
+    time_t t = static_cast<time_t>(utcSeconds);
+    struct tm u;
+    gmtime_r(&t, &u);
+    char buf[48];
+    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "/captures/lora/%04d%02d%02d-%02d%02d%02d.pcap", u.tm_year + 1900, u.tm_mon + 1,
+                  u.tm_mday, u.tm_hour, u.tm_min, u.tm_sec);
+    return buf;
+}
+
+void appendPcapHeader(std::vector<uint8_t>& out) {
+    le32(out, 0xA1B2C3D4);
+    le16(out, 2);
+    le16(out, 4);
+    le32(out, 0);      // time zone
+    le32(out, 0);      // timestamp accuracy
+    le32(out, 65535);  // snap length
+    le32(out, 270);    // LINKTYPE_LORATAP
+}
+
+void appendRecord(std::vector<uint8_t>& out, uint32_t seconds, uint32_t micros, const RxInfo& rx, const uint8_t* data,
+                  size_t len) {
+    uint32_t captured = static_cast<uint32_t>(kLoraTapSize + len);
+    le32(out, seconds);
+    le32(out, micros);
+    le32(out, captured);
+    le32(out, captured);
+
+    uint32_t f = rx.frequencyHz;
+    // The spec puts packet RSSI in quarter dB below 0 dB SNR (an SX127x formula), but Wireshark
+    // reads it as -139 dBm plus the byte either way, and the SX1262 already gives dBm.
+    uint8_t packetRssi = dbmByte(rx.rssi);
+    long snr = std::clamp(std::lround(rx.snr * 4), -128L, 127L);
+    out.insert(out.end(), {
+                              0, 0, 0, uint8_t(kLoraTapSize),  // version 0, padding, length
+                              uint8_t(f >> 24), uint8_t(f >> 16), uint8_t(f >> 8), uint8_t(f),
+                              uint8_t(std::lround(rx.bandwidthKHz / 125)), rx.spreadingFactor,
+                              packetRssi, dbmByte(rx.rssi), dbmByte(rx.noiseFloor),
+                              static_cast<uint8_t>(static_cast<int8_t>(snr)), rx.syncWord,
+                          });
+    if (len) out.insert(out.end(), data, data + len);
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro::lora
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace roro::lora {
+
+// What the radio knew about one received packet.
+struct RxInfo {
+    uint32_t frequencyHz = 0;
+    float bandwidthKHz = 0;
+    uint8_t spreadingFactor = 0;
+    float rssi = 0;        // dBm
+    float snr = 0;         // dB
+    float noiseFloor = 0;  // dBm, instantaneous RSSI just before the packet, when known
+    uint8_t syncWord = 0;
+};
+
+// A Capture file (M3, Q97): pcap with LoRaTap v0 headers (LINKTYPE_LORATAP, 270), which Wireshark
+// reads. pcap fields are little-endian, LoRaTap fields big-endian.
+void appendPcapHeader(std::vector<uint8_t>& out);
+void appendRecord(std::vector<uint8_t>& out, uint32_t seconds, uint32_t micros, const RxInfo& rx, const uint8_t* data,
+                  size_t len);
+
+// "/captures/lora/YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS.pcap" in UTC, dated like Tracks so Storage Clean-up can age it.
+std::string capturePath(int64_t utcSeconds);
+
+constexpr size_t kLoraTapSize = 15;
+constexpr size_t kRecordOverhead = 16 + kLoraTapSize;
+
+}  // namespace roro::lora
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#include "packet_view.h"
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#include "meshtastic_header.h"
+#include "meshtastic_presets.h"
+
+namespace roro::lora {
+
+using namespace meshtastic;
+
+std::string row(const PacketSummary& p, const std::string& time) {
+    char s[64];
+    int n = std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%s %ld %.1f ", time.c_str(), std::lround(p.rssi), p.snr);
+    std::string out(s, n);
+    PacketHeader h;
+    if (!p.crcOk) return out + "bad CRC, " + std::to_string(p.len) + " B";
+    if (!p.meshtastic || !parseHeader(p.data, p.len, h)) return out + std::to_string(p.len) + " B";
+    auto shortId = [](uint32_t node) {
+        if (node == kBroadcast) return std::string("all");
+        char id[8];
+        std::snprintf(id, sizeof id, "%04x", static_cast<unsigned>(node & 0xFFFF));
+        return std::string(id);
+    };
+    out += shortId(h.from) + ">" + shortId(h.to);
+    if (h.hopsAway() >= 0) out += " " + std::to_string(h.hopsAway()) + "/" + std::to_string(h.hopStart());
+    return out;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> hexDump(const uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
+    std::vector<std::string> lines;
+    for (size_t at = 0; at < len; at += 8) {
+        char s[48];
+        int n = std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%04x", static_cast<unsigned>(at));
+        std::string text;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+            if (at + i < len) {
+                n += std::snprintf(s + n, sizeof s - n, " %02x", data[at + i]);
+                uint8_t b = data[at + i];
+                text += b >= 0x20 && b < 0x7F ? static_cast<char>(b) : '.';
+            } else {
+                n += std::snprintf(s + n, sizeof s - n, "   ");
+            }
+        }
+        lines.push_back(std::string(s, n) + " " + text);
+    }
+    return lines;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> headerLines(const uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
+    PacketHeader h;
+    if (!parseHeader(data, len, h)) return {};
+    char s[64];
+    std::vector<std::string> lines;
+    lines.push_back("From " + nodeId(h.from) + " to " + nodeId(h.to));
+    std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "Packet %08x%s%s", static_cast<unsigned>(h.id), h.wantAck() ? ", wants an ack" : "",
+                  h.viaMqtt() ? ", via MQTT" : "");
+    lines.push_back(s);
+    if (h.hopsAway() >= 0)
+        std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "Hops %d of %u, limit %u left", h.hopsAway(), h.hopStart(), h.hopLimit());
+    else
+        std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "Hop limit %u left (old firmware)", h.hopLimit());
+    lines.push_back(s);
+    // Which preset's default Channel (named after it, with the public key) has this hash.
+    std::string channel;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kEu868PresetCount && channel.empty(); ++i)
+        if (channelHash(kEu868Presets[i].name, kDefaultKey, sizeof kDefaultKey) == h.channelHash)
+            channel = std::string(" (") + kEu868Presets[i].name + ", default key)";
+    std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "Channel 0x%02x%s", h.channelHash, channel.c_str());
+    lines.push_back(s);
+    if (h.relayNode) {
+        std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "Relayed by ..%02x", h.relayNode);
+        lines.push_back(s);
+    }
+    if (h.nextHop) {
+        std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "Next hop ..%02x", h.nextHop);
+        lines.push_back(s);
+    }
+    return lines;
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro::lora
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace roro::lora {
+
+// What the LoRa Scanner shows of one packet (M3, Q96).
+struct PacketSummary {
+    const uint8_t* data;
+    size_t len;
+    float rssi, snr;
+    bool crcOk;
+    bool meshtastic;  // received on Meshtastic settings (sync word 0x2B): read its clear header
+};
+
+// One list row, at most about 36 characters: "21:45:07 -97 6.2 5678>all 1/3". Nodes by their default
+// short name (the last 4 hex digits); headerLines() has the full numbers.
+std::string row(const PacketSummary& p, const std::string& time);
+
+// Eight bytes a line, with the printable ones: "0000 ff ff ff ff 78 56 34 12 ....xV4.".
+std::vector<std::string> hexDump(const uint8_t* data, size_t len);
+
+// The Meshtastic header, one field a line; empty when the packet is too short to have one.
+std::vector<std::string> headerLines(const uint8_t* data, size_t len);
+
+}  // namespace roro::lora
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include "sweep_view.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace roro::lora {
+
+namespace {
+constexpr int kPeakAboveFloorDb = 10;
+constexpr size_t kMaxPeaks = 3;
+}  // namespace
+
+SweepStats summarize(const int8_t* dbm, size_t steps, uint32_t fromHz, uint32_t stepHz) {
+    SweepStats s;
+    if (!steps) return s;
+    std::vector<int8_t> sorted(dbm, dbm + steps);
+    std::nth_element(sorted.begin(), sorted.begin() + steps / 2, sorted.end());
+    s.floor = sorted[steps / 2];
+    s.top = *std::max_element(dbm, dbm + steps);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < steps; ++i) {
+        int v = dbm[i];
+        bool localMax = (i == 0 || v >= dbm[i - 1]) && (i + 1 == steps || v > dbm[i + 1]);
+        if (localMax && v >= s.floor + kPeakAboveFloorDb) s.peaks.push_back({fromHz + static_cast<uint32_t>(i) * stepHz, v});
+    }
+    std::stable_sort(s.peaks.begin(), s.peaks.end(), [](const SweepPeak& a, const SweepPeak& b) { return a.dbm > b.dbm; });
+    if (s.peaks.size() > kMaxPeaks) s.peaks.resize(kMaxPeaks);
+    return s;
+}
+
+uint8_t heatLevel(int dbm, int low, int high) {
+    if (dbm <= low) return 0;
+    if (dbm >= high) return 255;
+    return static_cast<uint8_t>((dbm - low) * 255 / (high - low) + ((dbm - low) * 255 % (high - low) ? 1 : 0));
+}
+
+uint16_t heatColor(uint8_t level) {
+    // Five segments of 51 steps each.
+    auto rgb = [](int r, int g, int b) { return static_cast<uint16_t>((r >> 3) << 11 | (g >> 2) << 5 | (b >> 3)); };
+    int seg = std::min(level / 51, 4), t = (level - seg * 51) * 255 / 51;
+    switch (seg) {
+        case 0: return rgb(0, 0, t);              // black to blue
+        case 1: return rgb(0, t, 255);            // blue to cyan
+        case 2: return rgb(0, 255, 255 - t);      // cyan to green
+        case 3: return rgb(t, 255, 0);            // green to yellow
+        default: return rgb(255, 255 - t, 0);     // yellow to red
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro::lora
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace roro::lora {
+
+// What a Sweep pass says about the band (M3, Q98): one RSSI reading (dBm) per step.
+struct SweepPeak {
+    uint32_t hz;
+    int dbm;
+};
+struct SweepStats {
+    int floor = 0;  // the median: the band's noise floor, whatever a few signals do
+    int top = 0;    // the strongest reading
+    std::vector<SweepPeak> peaks;  // at most 3, strongest first, each a local maximum >= 10 dB above the floor
+};
+
+SweepStats summarize(const int8_t* dbm, size_t steps, uint32_t fromHz, uint32_t stepHz);
+
+// The waterfall's colours: a reading between `low` and `high` dBm as 0..255, then RGB565 along
+// black, blue, cyan, green, yellow, red.
+uint8_t heatLevel(int dbm, int low, int high);
+uint16_t heatColor(uint8_t level);
+
+}  // namespace roro::lora
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include "meshtastic_header.h"
+
+#include <cstdio>
+
+namespace roro::meshtastic {
+
+static uint32_t le32(const uint8_t* p) { return p[0] | p[1] << 8 | p[2] << 16 | static_cast<uint32_t>(p[3]) << 24; }
+
+bool parseHeader(const uint8_t* data, size_t len, PacketHeader& out) {
+    if (!data || len < kHeaderSize) return false;
+    out.to = le32(data);
+    out.from = le32(data + 4);
+    out.id = le32(data + 8);
+    out.flags = data[12];
+    out.channelHash = data[13];
+    out.nextHop = data[14];
+    out.relayNode = data[15];
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::string nodeId(uint32_t node) {
+    if (node == kBroadcast) return "all";
+    char s[10];
+    std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "!%08x", static_cast<unsigned>(node));
+    return s;
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro::meshtastic
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace roro::meshtastic {
+
+constexpr uint32_t kBroadcast = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+// The 16 bytes every Meshtastic packet starts with, sent in clear (little-endian). The payload
+// after it is encrypted with the Channel's key.
+struct PacketHeader {
+    uint32_t to = 0, from = 0, id = 0;
+    uint8_t flags = 0;
+    uint8_t channelHash = 0;  // the Channel's name and key folded into a byte (see channelHash())
+    uint8_t nextHop = 0;      // last byte of the Node meant to relay it next; 0 when flooding
+    uint8_t relayNode = 0;    // last byte of the Node that relayed it to us
+
+    uint8_t hopLimit() const { return flags & 0x07; }
+    bool wantAck() const { return flags & 0x08; }
+    bool viaMqtt() const { return flags & 0x10; }
+    uint8_t hopStart() const { return flags >> 5; }
+    bool broadcast() const { return to == kBroadcast; }
+    // How many times it was relayed before we heard it; -1 when the sender didn't say (hop start 0).
+    int hopsAway() const { return hopStart() == 0 ? -1 : hopStart() - hopLimit(); }
+};
+
+constexpr size_t kHeaderSize = 16;
+
+bool parseHeader(const uint8_t* data, size_t len, PacketHeader& out);
+
+// "!12345678", as Meshtastic writes node numbers; "all" for broadcast.
+std::string nodeId(uint32_t node);
+
+}  // namespace roro::meshtastic
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#include "meshtastic_presets.h"
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace roro::meshtastic {
+
+const uint8_t kDefaultKey[16] = {0xd4, 0xf1, 0xbb, 0x3a, 0x20, 0x29, 0x07, 0x59,
+                                 0xf0, 0xbc, 0xff, 0xab, 0xcf, 0x4e, 0x69, 0x01};
+
+// firmware src/mesh/MeshRadio.h (modemPresetToParams) and RadioInterface.cpp (PRESETS_EU_868).
+const Preset kEu868Presets[] = {
+    {"LongFast", 250, 11, 5},  {"LongSlow", 125, 12, 8},  {"MediumSlow", 250, 10, 5}, {"MediumFast", 250, 9, 5},
+    {"ShortSlow", 250, 8, 5},  {"ShortFast", 250, 7, 5},  {"LongMod", 125, 11, 8},
+};
+const size_t kEu868PresetCount = sizeof kEu868Presets / sizeof kEu868Presets[0];
+
+const Preset* findPreset(const char* name) {
+    for (const Preset& p : kEu868Presets)
+        if (std::strcmp(p.name, name) == 0) return &p;
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+uint32_t djb2(const char* s) {
+    uint32_t h = 5381;
+    for (; *s; ++s) h = (h << 5) + h + static_cast<unsigned char>(*s);
+    return h;
+}
+
+uint8_t channelHash(const char* name, const uint8_t* key, size_t keyLen) {
+    uint8_t h = 0;
+    for (; *name; ++name) h ^= static_cast<uint8_t>(*name);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < keyLen; ++i) h ^= key[i];
+    return h;
+}
+
+uint32_t eu868FrequencyHz(const Preset& preset, const char* channelName) {
+    constexpr double kStartMHz = 869.4, kEndMHz = 869.65;
+    double slotMHz = preset.bwKHz / 1000.0;
+    uint32_t slots = static_cast<uint32_t>(std::lround((kEndMHz - kStartMHz) / slotMHz));
+    const char* name = channelName && *channelName ? channelName : preset.name;
+    uint32_t slot = slots ? djb2(name) % slots : 0;
+    double mhz = kStartMHz + slotMHz / 2 + slot * slotMHz;
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>(std::lround(mhz * 1e6));
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro::meshtastic
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace roro::meshtastic {
+
+// Radio settings shared by every Meshtastic preset (firmware src/mesh/RadioInterface.h).
+constexpr uint8_t kSyncWord = 0x2B;
+constexpr uint16_t kPreambleLength = 16;
+
+// The default Channel key ("AQ==", expanded): public, so the default Channel is readable by anyone.
+extern const uint8_t kDefaultKey[16];
+
+// A modem preset: bandwidth, spreading factor and coding rate (4/cr). Named as Meshtastic shows them.
+struct Preset {
+    const char* name;
+    float bwKHz;
+    uint8_t sf;
+    uint8_t cr;
+};
+
+// The presets Meshtastic allows in EU_868, its order, LongFast (the default) first.
+extern const Preset kEu868Presets[];
+extern const size_t kEu868PresetCount;
+const Preset* findPreset(const char* name);  // nullptr when EU_868 doesn't allow it
+
+// djb2, as Meshtastic hashes a Channel's name to pick a frequency slot.
+uint32_t djb2(const char* s);
+
+// The byte in every packet header naming its Channel: the name's bytes XORed with the key's.
+uint8_t channelHash(const char* name, const uint8_t* key, size_t keyLen);
+
+// EU_868 is 869.4 to 869.65 MHz: the slot comes from the Channel's name (the preset's name for
+// an unnamed Channel, which is the default).
+uint32_t eu868FrequencyHz(const Preset& preset, const char* channelName = nullptr);
+
+}  // namespace roro::meshtastic
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#include "ipv4.h"
+
+#include <cstdio>
+
+namespace roro::net {
+
+bool parseIpv4(const std::string& text, uint32_t& out) {
+    uint32_t value = 0;
+    int parts = 0, digits = 0, part = 0;
+    for (char c : text) {
+        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
+            if (++digits > 3) return false;
+            part = part * 10 + (c - '0');
+            if (part > 255) return false;
+        } else if (c == '.') {
+            if (digits == 0 || ++parts > 3) return false;
+            value = value << 8 | part;
+            part = digits = 0;
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    if (digits == 0 || parts != 3) return false;
+    out = value << 8 | part;
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::string formatIpv4(uint32_t a) {
+    char s[16];
+    std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%u.%u.%u.%u", static_cast<unsigned>(a >> 24), static_cast<unsigned>(a >> 16 & 255),
+                  static_cast<unsigned>(a >> 8 & 255), static_cast<unsigned>(a & 255));
+    return s;
+}
+
+uint32_t maskOf(int prefix) { return prefix <= 0 ? 0 : prefix >= 32 ? 0xFFFFFFFFu : ~0u << (32 - prefix); }
+
+std::string checkFixed(const FixedIp& f) {
+    if (f.prefix < 1 || f.prefix > 30) return "The prefix must be 1 to 30";
+    if (f.address == 0) return "0.0.0.0 isn't an address a device can have";
+    uint32_t mask = maskOf(f.prefix), network = f.address & mask, broadcast = network | ~mask;
+    if (f.address == network) return formatIpv4(f.address) + " is the network's own address";
+    if (f.address == broadcast) return formatIpv4(f.address) + " is the broadcast address";
+    if (f.gateway == 0) return "";
+    if (f.gateway == f.address) return "The gateway can't be this device's address";
+    if ((f.gateway & mask) != network)
+        return "The gateway " + formatIpv4(f.gateway) + " isn't in " + formatIpv4(network) + "/" + std::to_string(f.prefix);
+    if (f.gateway == broadcast) return "The gateway " + formatIpv4(f.gateway) + " is the broadcast address";
+    if (f.gateway == network) return "The gateway " + formatIpv4(f.gateway) + " is the network's own address";
+    return "";
+}
+
+std::string parseFixed(const std::string& text, FixedIp& out) {
+    size_t slash = text.find('/');
+    if (slash == std::string::npos) return "Write it as address/prefix, then the gateway if there is one";
+    size_t space = text.find(' ', slash);
+    std::string address = text.substr(0, slash);
+    std::string prefix = text.substr(slash + 1, space == std::string::npos ? std::string::npos : space - slash - 1);
+    std::string gateway = space == std::string::npos ? "" : text.substr(space + 1);
+    FixedIp f;
+    if (!parseIpv4(address, f.address)) return address + " isn't an IPv4 address";
+    int p = 0;
+    if (prefix.empty() || prefix.size() > 2) return "The prefix must be 1 to 30";
+    for (char c : prefix) {
+        if (c < '0' || c > '9') return "The prefix must be 1 to 30";
+        p = p * 10 + (c - '0');
+    }
+    f.prefix = static_cast<uint8_t>(p);
+    if (!gateway.empty() && !parseIpv4(gateway, f.gateway)) return gateway + " isn't an IPv4 address";
+    std::string why = checkFixed(f);
+    if (why.empty()) out = f;
+    return why;
+}
+
+std::string formatFixed(const FixedIp& f) {
+    std::string s = formatIpv4(f.address) + "/" + std::to_string(f.prefix);
+    if (f.gateway) s += " " + formatIpv4(f.gateway);
+    return s;
+}
+
+bool validHost(const std::string& text) {
+    if (text.empty() || text.size() > 63) return false;
+    uint32_t ignored;
+    if (parseIpv4(text, ignored)) return true;
+    bool allNumeric = true;  // digits and dots only, but not an address: "1.2.3", "999.1.1.1"
+    char previous = '.';
+    for (char c : text) {
+        bool letter = (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'), digit = c >= '0' && c <= '9';
+        if (!letter && !digit && c != '-' && c != '.') return false;
+        if (c == '.' && (previous == '.' || previous == '-')) return false;  // empty label, or one ending in '-'
+        if (c == '-' && previous == '.') return false;                       // a label starting with '-'
+        if (letter || c == '-') allNumeric = false;
+        previous = c;
+    }
+    return previous != '.' && previous != '-' && !allNumeric;
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro::net
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace roro::net {
+
+// IPv4 addresses as 32-bit numbers, most significant byte first: 10.39.39.12 is 0x0A27270C.
+bool parseIpv4(const std::string& text, uint32_t& out);  // strict: four decimal numbers, 0 to 255
+std::string formatIpv4(uint32_t address);
+uint32_t maskOf(int prefix);  // 24 -> 255.255.255.0
+
+// A Saved Network's Fixed setting (S1, Q105 to Q107). gateway 0: none.
+struct FixedIp {
+    uint32_t address = 0;
+    uint8_t prefix = 24;
+    uint32_t gateway = 0;
+};
+
+// "" when a device can use it, otherwise why not, for a human (Q111).
+std::string checkFixed(const FixedIp& f);
+
+// "address/prefix [gateway]", as typed on the console and kept in flash. parseFixed() also checks.
+std::string parseFixed(const std::string& text, FixedIp& out);
+std::string formatFixed(const FixedIp& f);
+
+// An IPv4 address or a host name, as an NTP server may be (Q110).
+bool validHost(const std::string& text);
+
+}  // namespace roro::net
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#include "traffic.h"
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+namespace roro::net {
+
+namespace {
+constexpr size_t kUsers = static_cast<size_t>(User::Count);
+std::atomic<uint32_t> in_[kUsers], out_[kUsers];
+}  // namespace
+
+const char* userName(User user) {
+    switch (user) {
+        case User::Irc: return "IRC";
+        case User::Gemini: return "Gemini";
+        case User::DebugConsole: return "Debug Console";
+        case User::Updates: return "Updates";
+        default: return "?";
+    }
+}
+
+void received(User user, size_t bytes) { in_[static_cast<size_t>(user)] += static_cast<uint32_t>(bytes); }
+void sent(User user, size_t bytes) { out_[static_cast<size_t>(user)] += static_cast<uint32_t>(bytes); }
+Traffic traffic(User user) { return {in_[static_cast<size_t>(user)], out_[static_cast<size_t>(user)]}; }
+
+void resetTraffic() {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kUsers; i++) in_[i] = out_[i] = 0;
+}
+
+uint32_t bytesPerSecond(uint32_t before, uint32_t now, uint32_t elapsedMs) {
+    if (!elapsedMs) return 0;
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>(static_cast<uint64_t>(now - before) * 1000 / elapsedMs);  // wraps with the counter
+}
+
+std::string formatTraffic(uint32_t bytes) {
+    char s[16];
+    if (bytes < 1000) std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%u B", static_cast<unsigned>(bytes));
+    else if (bytes < 10 * 1024) std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%.1f KB", bytes / 1024.0);
+    else if (bytes < 1000 * 1024) std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%u KB", static_cast<unsigned>(bytes / 1024));
+    else if (bytes < 10u * 1024 * 1024) std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%.1f MB", bytes / 1048576.0);
+    else std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%u MB", static_cast<unsigned>(bytes / 1048576));
+    return s;
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro::net
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace roro::net {
+
+// Bytes each network service has read and written since boot (S1, Q121), as the service sees
+// them: for TLS connections that's the plain text, without the handshake or record overhead.
+// Counted from the services' own tasks, read from the main loop.
+enum class User : uint8_t { Irc, Gemini, DebugConsole, Updates, Count };
+const char* userName(User user);
+
+struct Traffic {
+    uint32_t in = 0, out = 0;
+};
+void received(User user, size_t bytes);
+void sent(User user, size_t bytes);
+Traffic traffic(User user);
+void resetTraffic();  // for tests
+
+uint32_t bytesPerSecond(uint32_t before, uint32_t now, uint32_t elapsedMs);
+std::string formatTraffic(uint32_t bytes);  // "999 B", "1.5 KB", "12 KB", "1.7 MB"
+
+}  // namespace roro::net
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+#include "note_text.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace roro::notes {
+
+namespace {
+bool continuation(char c) { return (static_cast<uint8_t>(c) & 0xC0) == 0x80; }
+}  // namespace
+
+NoteText::NoteText(int cols, int rows) : cols_(std::max(1, cols)), rows_(std::max(1, rows)) { text_.reserve(kMaxBytes); }
+
+NoteText::NoteText(int cols, int rows, std::string&& text) : cols_(std::max(1, cols)), rows_(std::max(1, rows)), text_(std::move(text)) {
+    dropCarriageReturns();
+    if (text_.size() > kMaxBytes) text_.resize(kMaxBytes);  // the caller checks sizes: not reached
+    text_.reserve(kMaxBytes);
+}
+
+void NoteText::dropCarriageReturns() {
+    size_t kept = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < text_.size(); i++)
+        if (!(text_[i] == '\r' && i + 1 < text_.size() && text_[i + 1] == '\n')) text_[kept++] = text_[i];
+    text_.resize(kept);
+}
+
+bool NoteText::setText(const std::string& text) {
+    size_t kept = text.size();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < text.size(); i++)
+        if (text[i] == '\r' && text[i + 1] == '\n') kept--;
+    if (kept > kMaxBytes) return false;
+    text_.assign(text);
+    dropCarriageReturns();
+    cursor_ = top_ = 0;
+    goal_ = -1;
+    revision_++;
+    return true;
+}
+
+size_t NoteText::nextLine(size_t start) const {
+    size_t size = text_.size();
+    int count = 0;
+    size_t lastSpace = 0;
+    bool space = false;
+    for (size_t i = start; i < size; i++) {
+        char c = text_[i];
+        if (c == '\n') return i + 1;
+        if (continuation(c)) continue;
+        if (count == cols_) {  // one character too many: wrap
+            if (c == ' ') return i + 1;       // the space stays at the end of this line
+            if (space) return lastSpace + 1;  // after the last space that fits
+            return i;                         // a word longer than the screen is cut
+        }
+        count++;
+        if (c == ' ') {
+            lastSpace = i;
+            space = true;
+        }
+    }
+    return size;
+}
+
+size_t NoteText::lineOf(size_t pos) const {
+    size_t size = text_.size();
+    pos = std::min(pos, size);
+    size_t a = pos;  // the start of the paragraph: after the newline before `pos`
+    while (a > 0 && text_[a - 1] != '\n') a--;
+    while (a < size) {
+        size_t n = nextLine(a);
+        if (n > pos) return a;
+        // The end of the text is on the last line, unless that line ended with a newline: then
+        // it's on an empty line of its own.
+        if (n == size && pos == size && text_[size - 1] != '\n') return a;
+        a = n;
+    }
+    return a;
+}
+
+bool NoteText::hasLineAfter(size_t start) const {
+    size_t n = nextLine(start), size = text_.size();
+    if (n < size) return true;
+    return start < size && lineOf(size) != start;  // the empty line after a final newline
+}
+
+size_t NoteText::lastSpot(size_t start) const {
+    size_t n = nextLine(start), size = text_.size();
+    if (n == start) return start;  // the empty line at the end
+    if (n == size && lineOf(size) == start) return size;
+    size_t p = n - 1;  // before the newline, the space or the last character the line ends with
+    while (p > start && continuation(text_[p])) p--;
+    return p;
+}
+
+int NoteText::columnOf(size_t start, size_t pos) const {
+    int col = 0;
+    for (size_t i = start; i < pos && i < text_.size(); i++)
+        if (!continuation(text_[i])) col++;
+    return col;
+}
+
+size_t NoteText::atColumn(size_t start, int col) const {
+    size_t last = lastSpot(start), p = start;
+    while (p < last && col > 0) {
+        p++;
+        while (p < last && continuation(text_[p])) p++;
+        col--;
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+void NoteText::moved(bool keepGoal) {
+    if (!keepGoal) goal_ = -1;
+}
+
+bool NoteText::insertText(const std::string& s) {
+    if (text_.size() + s.size() > kMaxBytes) return false;
+    text_.insert(cursor_, s);
+    cursor_ += s.size();
+    revision_++;
+    moved();
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool NoteText::insert(uint32_t cp) {
+    std::string s;
+    if (cp < 0x80) s += static_cast<char>(cp);
+    else if (cp < 0x800) {
+        s += static_cast<char>(0xC0 | (cp >> 6));
+        s += static_cast<char>(0x80 | (cp & 0x3F));
+    } else if (cp < 0x10000) {
+        s += static_cast<char>(0xE0 | (cp >> 12));
+        s += static_cast<char>(0x80 | ((cp >> 6) & 0x3F));
+        s += static_cast<char>(0x80 | (cp & 0x3F));
+    } else {
+        s += static_cast<char>(0xF0 | (cp >> 18));
+        s += static_cast<char>(0x80 | ((cp >> 12) & 0x3F));
+        s += static_cast<char>(0x80 | ((cp >> 6) & 0x3F));
+        s += static_cast<char>(0x80 | (cp & 0x3F));
+    }
+    return insertText(s);
+}
+
+void NoteText::backspace() {
+    if (cursor_ == 0) return;
+    size_t from = cursor_ - 1;
+    while (from > 0 && continuation(text_[from])) from--;
+    text_.erase(from, cursor_ - from);
+    cursor_ = from;
+    revision_++;
+    moved();
+}
+
+void NoteText::left() {
+    if (cursor_ == 0) return;
+    cursor_--;
+    while (cursor_ > 0 && continuation(text_[cursor_])) cursor_--;
+    moved();
+}
+
+void NoteText::right() {
+    if (cursor_ >= text_.size()) return;
+    cursor_++;
+    while (cursor_ < text_.size() && continuation(text_[cursor_])) cursor_++;
+    moved();
+}
+
+void NoteText::up() {
+    size_t line = lineOf(cursor_);
+    if (goal_ < 0) goal_ = columnOf(line, cursor_);
+    if (line == 0) return;
+    cursor_ = atColumn(lineOf(line - 1), goal_);
+    moved(true);
+}
+
+void NoteText::down() {
+    size_t line = lineOf(cursor_);
+    if (goal_ < 0) goal_ = columnOf(line, cursor_);
+    if (!hasLineAfter(line)) return;
+    size_t next = nextLine(line);
+    cursor_ = next >= text_.size() ? text_.size() : atColumn(next, goal_);
+    moved(true);
+}
+
+void NoteText::pageUp() {
+    for (int i = 1; i < rows_; i++) up();
+}
+
+void NoteText::pageDown() {
+    for (int i = 1; i < rows_; i++) down();
+}
+
+void NoteText::lineStart() {
+    cursor_ = lineOf(cursor_);
+    moved();
+}
+
+void NoteText::lineEnd() {
+    cursor_ = lastSpot(lineOf(cursor_));
+    moved();
+}
+
+void NoteText::toStart() {
+    cursor_ = 0;
+    moved();
+}
+
+void NoteText::toEnd() {
+    cursor_ = text_.size();
+    moved();
+}
+
+void NoteText::follow() {
+    size_t line = lineOf(cursor_);
+    top_ = lineOf(std::min(top_, text_.size()));  // an edit above may have moved where lines start
+    if (line < top_) {
+        top_ = line;
+        return;
+    }
+    size_t a = top_;
+    for (int i = 0; i < rows_; i++) {
+        if (a == line) return;  // on screen
+        if (!hasLineAfter(a)) return;
+        a = nextLine(a);
+    }
+    // Below the screen: the cursor's line becomes the last row.
+    top_ = line;
+    for (int i = 1; i < rows_ && top_ > 0; i++) top_ = lineOf(top_ - 1);
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> NoteText::rows() {
+    follow();
+    std::vector<std::string> out;
+    size_t a = top_, size = text_.size();
+    for (int i = 0; i < rows_; i++) {
+        size_t n = nextLine(a);
+        std::string row = text_.substr(a, n - a);
+        if (!row.empty() && row.back() == '\n') row.pop_back();
+        for (char& c : row)
+            if (c == '\t') c = ' ';
+        out.push_back(std::move(row));
+        if (!hasLineAfter(a)) break;
+        a = n >= size ? size : n;
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+int NoteText::cursorRow() {
+    follow();
+    size_t line = lineOf(cursor_), a = top_;
+    for (int i = 0; i < rows_; i++) {
+        if (a == line) return i;
+        a = nextLine(a);
+    }
+    return rows_ - 1;
+}
+
+int NoteText::cursorCol() { return columnOf(lineOf(cursor_), cursor_); }
+
+// At most a screen's worth of it: a note that is one line of 16 KB must not be copied whole.
+std::string NoteText::firstLine() const { return text_.substr(0, std::min<size_t>(text_.find('\n'), 160)); }
+
+namespace {
+// U+00C0 to U+00FF as the plain letters a file name gets; 0: left out.
+const char kPlain[64] = {
+    'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 0,   'c', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'i', 'i', 'i', 'i',   // À..Ï
+    0,   'n', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 0,   'o', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'y', 0,   's',   // Ð..ß
+    'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 0,   'c', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'e', 'i', 'i', 'i', 'i',   // à..ï
+    0,   'n', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 'o', 0,   'o', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'y', 0,   'y'};  // ð..ÿ
+
+// Drops a character the end of the string cuts in two.
+void dropPartial(std::string& s) {
+    size_t k = s.size();
+    while (k > 0 && continuation(s[k - 1]) && s.size() - k < 3) k--;
+    if (k == 0) return;
+    uint8_t lead = static_cast<uint8_t>(s[k - 1]);
+    size_t want = lead >= 0xF0 ? 4 : lead >= 0xE0 ? 3 : lead >= 0xC0 ? 2 : 1;
+    if (s.size() - (k - 1) < want) s.resize(k - 1);
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+std::string nameFromFirstLine(const std::string& firstLine, const std::string& stamp) {
+    std::string out;
+    bool dash = false;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < firstLine.size() && out.size() < 32; i++) {
+        uint8_t c = static_cast<uint8_t>(firstLine[i]);
+        char letter = 0;
+        if (c < 0x80) {
+            if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') letter = static_cast<char>(c + 32);
+            else if ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= '0' && c <= '9')) letter = static_cast<char>(c);
+        } else if (c == 0xC3 && i + 1 < firstLine.size()) {  // U+00C0..U+00FF
+            letter = kPlain[static_cast<uint8_t>(firstLine[++i]) & 0x3F];
+        } else {
+            while (i + 1 < firstLine.size() && continuation(firstLine[i + 1])) i++;  // anything else is left out
+        }
+        if (letter) {
+            if (dash && !out.empty()) out += '-';
+            dash = false;
+            out += letter;
+        } else {
+            dash = true;
+        }
+    }
+    return out.empty() ? "note-" + stamp : out;
+}
+
+std::string titleFrom(const std::string& head, size_t maxChars) {
+    for (size_t at = 0; at < head.size();) {
+        size_t end = head.find('\n', at);
+        bool cut = end == std::string::npos;  // the line goes on past what was read
+        if (cut) end = head.size();
+        std::string line = head.substr(at, end - at);
+        if (cut) dropPartial(line);
+        while (!line.empty() && (line.back() == '\r' || line.back() == ' ' || line.back() == '\t')) line.pop_back();
+        size_t first = line.find_first_not_of(" \t");
+        if (first != std::string::npos) {
+            line.erase(0, first);
+            size_t bytes = 0;
+            for (size_t chars = 0; bytes < line.size() && chars < maxChars; chars++) {
+                bytes++;
+                while (bytes < line.size() && continuation(line[bytes])) bytes++;
+            }
+            line.resize(bytes);
+            return line;
+        }
+        at = end + 1;
+    }
+    return "";
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro::notes
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace roro::notes {
+
+// The text of a note while it's edited (F1, Q144, Q145): UTF-8 held whole in memory, a cursor, and
+// the part of it on screen. Lines wrap at spaces, `cols` characters wide; a line owns the space or
+// the newline it ends with, so every byte of the text belongs to exactly one line. No index of
+// lines is kept (a note of newlines alone would need twice its size): where a line starts is
+// worked out from the start of its paragraph, which is never far.
+class NoteText {
+   public:
+    static constexpr size_t kMaxBytes = 16 * 1024;
+
+    // Room for a full note is reserved once, so typing never has to find a bigger block of memory:
+    // on the device a failed allocation is the end. The second form takes over a string the
+    // caller filled (and reserved): a note is never in memory twice.
+    NoteText(int cols, int rows);
+    NoteText(int cols, int rows, std::string&& text);
+
+    // Copied into the buffer already held. CRLF becomes LF (Q148). False, and nothing changes, if
+    // it's over kMaxBytes.
+    bool setText(const std::string& text);
+    const std::string& text() const { return text_; }
+    size_t cursor() const { return cursor_; }
+    uint32_t revision() const { return revision_; }  // changes with every edit: is it saved?
+
+    bool insert(uint32_t codePoint);         // false: the note is full
+    bool insertText(const std::string& s);   // all of it or nothing
+    void backspace();
+    void left();
+    void right();
+    void up();
+    void down();
+    void pageUp();
+    void pageDown();
+    void lineStart();
+    void lineEnd();
+    void toStart();
+    void toEnd();
+
+    // The screen, kept around the cursor: its rows (tabs as spaces, the ending newline left out),
+    // and where the cursor is on it, in rows and characters.
+    std::vector<std::string> rows();
+    int cursorRow();
+    int cursorCol();
+    int percent() const { return text_.empty() ? 0 : static_cast<int>(top_ * 100 / text_.size()); }
+
+    std::string firstLine() const;  // without its newline, for the title and the file's name
+
+   private:
+    size_t nextLine(size_t start) const;       // where the line after the one at `start` starts
+    size_t lineOf(size_t pos) const;           // the start of the line `pos` is on
+    size_t lastSpot(size_t start) const;       // the last place the cursor can be on that line
+    size_t atColumn(size_t start, int col) const;
+    int columnOf(size_t start, size_t pos) const;
+    bool hasLineAfter(size_t start) const;
+    void moved(bool keepGoal = false);
+    void follow();  // scrolls so the cursor is on screen
+    void dropCarriageReturns();
+
+    int cols_, rows_;
+    std::string text_;
+    size_t cursor_ = 0, top_ = 0;
+    int goal_ = -1;  // the column Up and Down aim for, across short lines
+    uint32_t revision_ = 0;
+};
+
+// The file a new note is saved as (Q142): from its first line, "Shopping list!" -> "shopping-list",
+// or "note-<stamp>" when that gives nothing. No extension, no folder.
+std::string nameFromFirstLine(const std::string& firstLine, const std::string& stamp);
+
+// A row's title in the Notes list, from the first bytes of a file: its first line that isn't
+// blank, cut to `maxChars`; "" if there's none.
+std::string titleFrom(const std::string& head, size_t maxChars);
+
+}  // namespace roro::notes
@@ -94,6 +94,11 @@ void FileReceiver::chunkWritten(bool ok, uint32_t nowMs) {
    state_ = received_ == size_ ? State::Finishing : State::Receiving;
 }

+void FileReceiver::cardChecked(const uint8_t digest[32]) {
+    if (state_ != State::Finishing) return;
+    if (std::memcmp(digest, expected_, sizeof expected_) != 0) fail("the copy on the card differs");
+}
+
 void FileReceiver::finished(bool ok) {
    if (state_ != State::Finishing) return;
    if (!ok) return fail("rename failed");
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ class FileReceiver {
    // Takes bytes for the current chunk; returns how many were used (none while a chunk waits).
    size_t feed(const uint8_t* data, size_t len, uint32_t nowMs);
    void chunkWritten(bool ok, uint32_t nowMs);
+    // While Finishing: the SHA-256 of the file as read back from the card. The checksum on the
+    // received bytes doesn't prove the card kept them (a failed write can lose buffered data).
+    void cardChecked(const uint8_t digest[32]);
    void finished(bool ok);
    void tick(uint32_t nowMs);
    void reset() { *this = FileReceiver(); }
@@ -10,7 +10,10 @@ bool PowerPolicy::activity(uint32_t nowMs) {
 }

 ScreenState PowerPolicy::update(uint32_t nowMs) {
-    uint32_t idle = nowMs - lastActivityMs_;
+    // Activity stamped from a clock read after this pass's nowMs (the Debug Console's `key`) is in
+    // the future, not 49 days ago: unsigned, the screen went off for a tick and ate the next key.
+    int32_t since = static_cast<int32_t>(nowMs - lastActivityMs_);
+    uint32_t idle = since < 0 ? 0 : static_cast<uint32_t>(since);
    state_ = idle >= offMs_ ? ScreenState::Off : idle >= dimMs_ ? ScreenState::Dimmed : ScreenState::On;
    if (notifying_) {
        if (static_cast<int32_t>(nowMs - notifyUntilMs_) >= 0)
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "settings.h"

+#include "ipv4.h"
+
 namespace roro {

 namespace {
@@ -29,6 +31,15 @@ const Definition kDefinitions[] = {
    {"sound", Kind::Bool, 1, nullptr, 0, 1},
    {"probe_mac_raw", Kind::Bool, 1, nullptr, 0, 1},
    {"wifi_on", Kind::Bool, 1, nullptr, 0, 1},
+    {"gnss_on", Kind::Bool, 1, nullptr, 0, 1},
+    {"coord_dms", Kind::Bool, 0, nullptr, 0, 1},
+    {"lora_preset", Kind::Int, 0, nullptr, 0, 6},  // LongFast first
+    {"dns1", Kind::String, 0, "9.9.9.9", 7, 15},  // Quad9
+    {"dns2", Kind::String, 0, "1.1.1.1", 0, 15},  // Cloudflare
+    {"dns_always", Kind::Bool, 0, nullptr, 0, 1},
+    {"ntp1", Kind::String, 0, "pool.ntp.org", 1, 63},
+    {"ntp2", Kind::String, 0, "time.cloudflare.com", 0, 63},
+    {"gnss_quiet", Kind::Bool, 0, nullptr, 0, 1},  // off: GNSS stays on, as decided in M2 (Q58)
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(kDefinitions) / sizeof(kDefinitions[0]) == static_cast<size_t>(Setting::Count),
              "every Setting needs a definition");
@@ -81,6 +92,11 @@ bool Settings::validString(Setting s, const std::string& value) const {
            if (value == region) return true;
        return false;
    }
+    uint32_t address;
+    if (s == Setting::Dns1) return net::parseIpv4(value, address);
+    if (s == Setting::Dns2) return value.empty() || net::parseIpv4(value, address);
+    if (s == Setting::Ntp1) return net::validHost(value);
+    if (s == Setting::Ntp2) return value.empty() || net::validHost(value);
    return true;
 }

@@ -21,6 +21,15 @@ enum class Setting : uint8_t {
    Sound,            // bool
    ProbeMacRaw,      // bool: probe-request Logs keep raw MAC addresses
    WifiEnabled,      // bool: the Wi-Fi Service stays Connected when a Saved Network is in range
+    GnssEnabled,      // bool: the GNSS Service reads the receiver (M2, Q58)
+    CoordinatesDms,   // bool: show degrees, minutes and seconds instead of decimal degrees (Q64)
+    LoraPreset,       // int: the LoRa Scanner's Meshtastic preset, an index into the EU868 list (M3, Q95)
+    Dns1,             // string: the first DNS server, an IPv4 address (S1, Q108, Q109)
+    Dns2,             // string: the second, or empty
+    DnsAlways,        // bool: use them on Automatic (DHCP) networks too, instead of DHCP's
+    Ntp1,             // string: the first NTP server, a host name or an IPv4 address (S1, Q110)
+    Ntp2,             // string: the second, or empty
+    GnssQuietForLora, // bool: put the GNSS receiver in standby while the LoRa radio listens (issue #20)
    Count
 };

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ void StorageMonitor::update(bool present, uint64_t totalBytes, uint64_t usedByte

    if (next.present && next.level >= 80 && !warned_) {
        warned_ = true;
-        bus_.publish(Event::withText(EventType::Notification, "SD card over 80% full",
+        bus_.publish(Event::withText(EventType::Notification, "SD card over 80% full: see Storage",
                                     static_cast<int32_t>(NotificationLevel::Warning)));
    }
 }
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ inline const CleanupCategory kCleanupCategories[] = {
    {"IRC logs", "/irc"},
    {"Wi-Fi scan logs", "/wifi/scans"},
    {"Wi-Fi captures", "/captures/wifi"},
+    {"LoRa captures", "/captures/lora"},
+    {"GNSS tracks", "/gnss/tracks"},
 };

 enum class CleanupAge { OneMonth, ThreeMonths, SixMonths, OneYear, Everything };
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#include "sd_card_id.h"
+
+#include <cstdio>
+
+namespace roro {
+
+namespace {
+char printable(uint8_t b) { return b >= 0x20 && b < 0x7F ? static_cast<char>(b) : '?'; }
+}  // namespace
+
+SdCardId parseSdCid(const uint8_t cid[16]) {
+    SdCardId id;
+    id.manufacturer = cid[0];
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) id.oem[i] = printable(cid[1 + i]);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) id.product[i] = printable(cid[3 + i]);
+    id.revisionMajor = cid[8] >> 4;
+    id.revisionMinor = cid[8] & 0x0F;
+    id.serial = static_cast<uint32_t>(cid[9]) << 24 | cid[10] << 16 | cid[11] << 8 | cid[12];
+    // 4 reserved bits, 8 bits of year since 2000, 4 bits of month.
+    id.year = 2000 + (((cid[13] & 0x0F) << 4) | (cid[14] >> 4));
+    id.month = cid[14] & 0x0F;
+    return id;
+}
+
+const char* sdManufacturerName(uint8_t id) {
+    switch (id) {
+        case 0x01: return "Panasonic";
+        case 0x02: return "Toshiba/Kioxia";
+        case 0x03: return "SanDisk";
+        case 0x1B: return "Samsung";
+        case 0x1D: return "ADATA";
+        case 0x27: return "Phison";
+        case 0x28: return "Lexar";
+        case 0x31: return "Silicon Power";
+        case 0x41: return "Kingston";
+        case 0x74: return "Transcend";
+        case 0x76: return "Patriot";
+        case 0x82: return "Sony";
+        case 0x9C: return "Angelbird/Hoodman";
+        case 0xAD: return "Longsys/Lexar";
+        default: return "unknown";
+    }
+}
+
+std::string sdCardSummary(const SdCardId& id) {
+    char s[112];
+    std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%s (0x%02X) \"%s\" \"%s\" rev %u.%u, serial %08x, made %04d-%02d",
+                  sdManufacturerName(id.manufacturer), id.manufacturer, id.oem, id.product, id.revisionMajor,
+                  id.revisionMinor, static_cast<unsigned>(id.serial), id.year, id.month);
+    return s;
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace roro {
+
+// What an SD card says it is: its CID register, 16 bytes (SD Physical Layer spec, 5.2).
+struct SdCardId {
+    uint8_t manufacturer = 0;  // assigned by the SD Association; see sdManufacturerName()
+    char oem[3] = {};          // two characters
+    char product[6] = {};      // five characters
+    uint8_t revisionMajor = 0, revisionMinor = 0;
+    uint32_t serial = 0;
+    int year = 0, month = 0;  // manufactured
+};
+
+SdCardId parseSdCid(const uint8_t cid[16]);
+
+// The usual holder of a manufacturer ID. The SD Association doesn't publish its list: these are
+// the commonly reported ones, and resold or counterfeit cards carry whatever their maker chose.
+const char* sdManufacturerName(uint8_t id);
+
+// "SanDisk (0x03) "SD" "SU08G" rev 8.0, serial 1234abcd, made 2014-03".
+std::string sdCardSummary(const SdCardId& id);
+
+}  // namespace roro
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#include "task_stats.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace roro {
+
+std::vector<TaskRow> taskRows(const std::vector<TaskSample>& before, uint32_t totalBefore,
+                              const std::vector<TaskSample>& now, uint32_t totalNow) {
+    uint32_t elapsed = totalNow - totalBefore;  // unsigned: right across one wrap
+    std::vector<TaskRow> rows;
+    rows.reserve(now.size());
+    for (const TaskSample& t : now) {
+        uint32_t ran = t.runtime;  // a task that wasn't there before ran all of it since
+        for (const TaskSample& b : before)
+            if (b.id == t.id) {
+                ran = t.runtime - b.runtime;
+                break;
+            }
+        TaskRow r;
+        r.name = t.name;
+        r.core = t.core;
+        r.state = t.state;
+        r.priority = t.priority;
+        r.stackFree = t.stackFree;
+        r.permille = elapsed ? static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min<uint64_t>(1000, static_cast<uint64_t>(ran) * 1000 / elapsed)) : 0;
+        r.lowStack = t.stackFree < kLowStackBytes;
+        r.idle = std::strncmp(t.name, "IDLE", 4) == 0;
+        rows.push_back(r);
+    }
+    // The task that took the sample is running, and FreeRTOS counts a task's time when it's
+    // switched out: with its core to itself it never was, and its counter hardly moved. Give it
+    // what's left of its core once the idle task and the other tasks pinned there are counted.
+    for (TaskRow& r : rows) {
+        if (r.state != 0 || r.idle || r.core < 0) continue;  // 0: eRunning
+        int others = 0;
+        bool idleSeen = false;
+        for (const TaskRow& o : rows) {
+            if (&o == &r || o.core != r.core) continue;
+            others += o.permille;
+            idleSeen |= o.idle;
+        }
+        if (idleSeen && elapsed && 1000 - others > r.permille) r.permille = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::max(0, 1000 - others));
+    }
+    return rows;
+}
+
+int coreLoad(const std::vector<TaskRow>& rows, int core) {
+    for (const TaskRow& r : rows)
+        if (r.idle && r.core == core) return 100 - (r.permille + 5) / 10;
+    return -1;
+}
+
+void sortTasks(std::vector<TaskRow>& rows, TaskSort by) {
+    auto lower = [](const std::string& s) {
+        std::string l = s;
+        for (char& c : l) c = static_cast<char>(std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)));
+        return l;
+    };
+    std::stable_sort(rows.begin(), rows.end(), [&](const TaskRow& a, const TaskRow& b) {
+        switch (by) {
+            case TaskSort::Share:
+                if (a.idle != b.idle) return !a.idle;  // idle tasks last
+                return a.permille > b.permille;
+            case TaskSort::Stack: return a.stackFree < b.stackFree;
+            default: return lower(a.name) < lower(b.name);
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace roro {
+
+// One task as FreeRTOS reports it at one moment.
+struct TaskSample {
+    uint32_t id = 0;       // unique per task: a new task with an old name has another
+    char name[17] = {};
+    uint32_t runtime = 0;  // microseconds on a CPU since it started; 32 bits, so it wraps every 71 minutes
+    uint16_t stackFree = 0;  // the least it ever had left, bytes
+    int8_t core = -1;        // -1: not pinned
+    uint8_t state = 0;       // eTaskState
+    uint8_t priority = 0;
+};
+
+// What the System App and `tasks` show for a task (S1, Q119, Q122).
+struct TaskRow {
+    std::string name;
+    int core = -1;
+    uint8_t state = 0, priority = 0;
+    uint16_t stackFree = 0;
+    uint16_t permille = 0;  // share of one core over the interval, in tenths of a percent
+    bool lowStack = false;
+    bool idle = false;      // a core's idle task: what's left over
+};
+
+constexpr uint16_t kLowStackBytes = 512;
+
+// Shares from two samples: each task's run time between them over the time that passed. The
+// 32-bit counters may have wrapped once in between. The task that took the samples (the one
+// running) gets what's left of its core: see the .cpp.
+std::vector<TaskRow> taskRows(const std::vector<TaskSample>& before, uint32_t totalBefore,
+                              const std::vector<TaskSample>& now, uint32_t totalNow);
+
+// A core's load in percent: what its idle task didn't use. -1 without that task in the rows.
+int coreLoad(const std::vector<TaskRow>& rows, int core);
+
+enum class TaskSort : uint8_t { Share, Stack, Name };
+void sortTasks(std::vector<TaskRow>& rows, TaskSort by);
+
+// The last N samples, oldest first (Q120).
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+class History {
+   public:
+    void push(T value) {
+        values_[(first_ + size_) % N] = value;
+        if (size_ < N) size_++;
+        else first_ = (first_ + 1) % N;
+    }
+    size_t size() const { return size_; }
+    T at(size_t i) const { return values_[(first_ + i) % N]; }  // 0: the oldest kept
+    void clear() { first_ = size_ = 0; }
+
+   private:
+    T values_[N] = {};
+    size_t first_ = 0, size_ = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace roro
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ void SavedNetworks::load() {
        int32_t hidden = 0;
        store_.getInt(key(i, "hid").c_str(), hidden);
        net.hidden = hidden != 0;
+        std::string ip;  // "address/prefix [gateway]", or empty for Automatic
+        net.fixed = store_.getString(key(i, "ip").c_str(), ip) && !ip.empty() && net::parseFixed(ip, net.ip).empty();
        networks_.push_back(net);
    }
 }
@@ -40,11 +42,30 @@ std::string SavedNetworks::add(const std::string& ssid, const std::string& passw
        }
    }
    if (count() >= kMax) return "Already 8 saved networks: forget one first";
-    networks_.push_back({ssid, password, hidden});
+    SavedNetwork added;
+    added.ssid = ssid;
+    added.password = password;
+    added.hidden = hidden;
+    networks_.push_back(added);
    save();
    return "";
 }

+std::string SavedNetworks::setIp(const std::string& ssid, const net::FixedIp* fixed) {
+    for (auto& n : networks_) {
+        if (n.ssid != ssid) continue;
+        if (fixed) {
+            std::string why = net::checkFixed(*fixed);
+            if (!why.empty()) return why;
+            n.ip = *fixed;
+        }
+        n.fixed = fixed != nullptr;
+        save();
+        return "";
+    }
+    return "Not a saved network";
+}
+
 void SavedNetworks::forget(const std::string& ssid) {
    for (auto it = networks_.begin(); it != networks_.end(); ++it) {
        if (it->ssid == ssid) {
@@ -60,6 +81,7 @@ void SavedNetworks::save() {
        store_.putString(key(i, "ssid").c_str(), networks_[i].ssid);
        store_.putString(key(i, "pass").c_str(), networks_[i].password);
        store_.putInt(key(i, "hid").c_str(), networks_[i].hidden ? 1 : 0);
+        store_.putString(key(i, "ip").c_str(), networks_[i].fixed ? net::formatFixed(networks_[i].ip) : "");
    }
    store_.putInt("net_count", count());
 }
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>

+#include "ipv4.h"
 #include "key_value_store.h"

 namespace roro {
@@ -11,6 +12,8 @@ struct SavedNetwork {
    std::string ssid;
    std::string password;  // empty for an open network
    bool hidden = false;   // doesn't broadcast its name, so never shows up in scans
+    bool fixed = false;    // S1, Q105: Fixed address (`ip`), or Automatic (DHCP)
+    net::FixedIp ip;
 };

 // The Saved Networks the Wi-Fi Service may join (see CONTEXT.md), persisted in internal flash.
@@ -28,6 +31,8 @@ class SavedNetworks {
    // Adds, or updates the password of an existing SSID. Empty on success, otherwise why not.
    std::string add(const std::string& ssid, const std::string& password, bool hidden = false);
    void forget(const std::string& ssid);
+    // The IP setting: Fixed with these values, or Automatic (DHCP) for nullptr. Empty, or why not.
+    std::string setIp(const std::string& ssid, const net::FixedIp* fixed);

   private:
    void save();
@@ -19,7 +19,18 @@ build_flags =
    -DARDUINO_USB_MODE=1
 lib_deps =
    m5stack/M5Cardputer @ 1.1.1
+    jgromes/RadioLib @ 7.8.1
 test_ignore = *
+; Smaller TLS buffers (M2): the framework is rebuilt with these settings (pioarduino "hybrid
+; compile"). Receive stays 16 KB (servers send full TLS records); send drops to 4 KB (IRC lines are
+; short); buffers are allocated as needed and handshake-only data is freed once connected.
+custom_sdkconfig =
+    CONFIG_MBEDTLS_ASYMMETRIC_CONTENT_LEN=y
+    CONFIG_MBEDTLS_SSL_IN_CONTENT_LEN=16384
+    CONFIG_MBEDTLS_SSL_OUT_CONTENT_LEN=4096
+    CONFIG_MBEDTLS_DYNAMIC_BUFFER=y
+    CONFIG_MBEDTLS_DYNAMIC_FREE_CONFIG_DATA=y
+    CONFIG_MBEDTLS_DYNAMIC_FREE_CA_CERT=y

 ; Debug Build: the same firmware plus the Debug Console on TCP 2323 (see ADR 0004). The token comes
 ; from ~/.config/roro9stack/debug-token, passed in by scripts/_docker.sh; it's never committed.
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 """Pushes a signed Update File to a Cardputer over Wi-Fi (TCP 3232) and reports the result.

 Usage: scripts/ota_push.py <file.ota> <host>
-<host> is the device's IP (shown in Settings > About), or its name when mDNS works on your network.
+<host> is the device's IP (shown in Settings > Firmware).
 """
 import socket
 import sys
@@ -224,10 +224,15 @@ def interactive(sock):
            sys.stdout.write(data.decode(errors="replace"))
            sys.stdout.flush()
        if sys.stdin in ready:
-            line = sys.stdin.readline()
-            if not line:
+            # Straight from the descriptor: readline() takes every waiting line into Python's own
+            # buffer and hands over one, and select() then sees nothing more to read. Piped input
+            # written while we were still connecting got stuck until the next line came.
+            data = os.read(sys.stdin.fileno(), 4096)
+            if not data:
                return
-            sock.sendall(line.encode())
+            sock.setblocking(True)
+            sock.sendall(data)
+            sock.setblocking(False)


 def main():
@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+#include "file_viewer.h"
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <SD.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <ctime>
+
+#include "cleanup_plan.h"
+#include "file_list.h"
+#include "file_names.h"
+#include "file_views.h"
+#include "meshtastic_presets.h"
+#include "packet_view.h"
+#include "platform/ota_device.h"
+#include "ui/fonts.h"
+#include "ui/widgets.h"
+#include "update_parser.h"
+#include "version.h"
+
+namespace roro {
+
+namespace {
+constexpr uint32_t kSliceMs = 150;      // like the Storage App's operations: the Logs get their turn
+constexpr size_t kPiece = 1024;
+constexpr size_t kMaxPackets = 1000;    // their places in the file, 4 KB
+constexpr size_t kMaxPacketBytes = 271;  // LoRaTap and the longest LoRa packet
+
+// Checks an Update File as an install would, writing nothing.
+struct NoSink : UpdateSink {
+    bool begin(size_t) override { return true; }
+    bool write(const uint8_t*, size_t) override { return true; }
+    bool finish() override { return true; }
+    void abort() override {}
+};
+
+std::string clockTime(uint32_t utcSeconds) {
+    time_t t = static_cast<time_t>(utcSeconds);
+    struct tm local;
+    localtime_r(&t, &local);
+    char s[12];
+    std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%02d:%02d:%02d", local.tm_hour, local.tm_min, local.tm_sec);
+    return s;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+struct FileViewer::Scan {
+    std::atomic<bool> done{false}, stop{false};
+    std::atomic<int> percent{0};
+    Mode what = Mode::Gpx;
+    std::string path;
+    // Touched by the storage task until `done`, by the viewer after.
+    fs::File file;
+    bool opened = false;
+    uint32_t at = 0, size = 0;
+    std::string error;
+    files::GpxSummary gpx;
+    files::PcapHeader pcap;
+    std::vector<uint32_t> packets;  // where each record starts
+    bool morePackets = false;
+    std::unique_ptr<EcdsaVerifier> verifier;
+    NoSink sink;
+    std::unique_ptr<UpdateParser> parser;
+    std::string version;
+    bool genuine = false, older = false;
+
+    bool slice();  // true when there's nothing more to read
+    static void run(StorageService* storage, std::shared_ptr<Scan> self) {
+        bool over = self->stop || self->slice();
+        if (over) {
+            if (self->file) self->file.close();
+            self->parser.reset();
+            self->verifier.reset();
+            self->done = true;
+        } else {
+            storage->runJob([storage, self]() { run(storage, self); });
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+bool FileViewer::Scan::slice() {
+    uint32_t t0 = millis();
+    if (!opened) {
+        opened = true;
+        file = SD.open(path.c_str(), FILE_READ);
+        if (!file) {
+            error = "The card refused to open it";
+            return true;
+        }
+        size = static_cast<uint32_t>(file.size());
+        if (what == Mode::Ota) {
+            verifier.reset(new EcdsaVerifier());
+            parser.reset(new UpdateParser(*verifier, sink, EspOtaSink().capacity(), versionString()));
+        }
+    }
+    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> piece(new uint8_t[kPiece]);
+    while (millis() - t0 < kSliceMs) {
+        if (stop) return true;
+        if (what == Mode::Pcap) {
+            if (at == 0) {
+                int n = file.read(piece.get(), files::kPcapHeaderSize);
+                pcap = files::parsePcapHeader(piece.get(), n < 0 ? 0 : n);
+                if (!pcap.ok) {
+                    error = "Not a pcap file this viewer reads";
+                    return true;
+                }
+                at = files::kPcapHeaderSize;
+            }
+            files::PcapRecord r;
+            if (!file.seek(at)) return true;
+            int n = file.read(piece.get(), files::kPcapRecordSize);
+            if (n < 0 || !files::parsePcapRecord(piece.get(), n, r) || at + files::kPcapRecordSize + r.length > size) return true;
+            if (packets.size() >= kMaxPackets) {
+                morePackets = true;
+                return true;
+            }
+            packets.push_back(at);
+            at += files::kPcapRecordSize + r.length;
+            continue;
+        }
+        int n = file.read(piece.get(), kPiece);
+        if (n <= 0) break;
+        at += n;
+        percent = size ? static_cast<int>(static_cast<uint64_t>(at) * 100 / size) : 100;
+        if (what == Mode::Gpx) {
+            gpx.feed(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(piece.get()), n);
+        } else {
+            parser->feed(piece.get(), n);
+            if (parser->state() == UpdateParser::State::Failed) break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (at < size && !(parser && parser->state() == UpdateParser::State::Failed) && millis() - t0 >= kSliceMs) return false;
+    if (parser) {
+        genuine = parser->end();
+        version = parser->version();
+        older = parser->isDowngrade();
+        error = parser->error();
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+size_t FileViewer::readAt(uint32_t offset, uint8_t* into, size_t len) {
+    size_t got = 0;
+    auto file = file_;
+    std::string path = path_;
+    storage_.runAndWait([&, file, path]() {
+        if (!*file) *file = SD.open(path.c_str(), FILE_READ);
+        if (!*file || !file->seek(offset)) return;
+        int n = file->read(into, len);
+        got = n < 0 ? 0 : n;
+    });
+    return got;
+}
+
+void FileViewer::open(const std::string& path, uint32_t size) {
+    close();
+    path_ = path;
+    size_ = size;
+    file_ = std::make_shared<fs::File>();
+    std::string name = files::baseName(path);
+    files::FileKind kind = files::kindOf(name);
+    if (kind == files::FileKind::Unknown) {  // what do its first bytes look like?
+        uint8_t head[256];
+        size_t n = readAt(0, head, sizeof head);
+        kind = files::looksLikeText(head, n) ? files::FileKind::Text : files::FileKind::Unknown;
+    }
+    switch (kind) {
+        case files::FileKind::Text: base_ = Mode::Text; break;
+        case files::FileKind::Gpx: base_ = Mode::Gpx; break;
+        case files::FileKind::Pcap: base_ = Mode::Pcap; break;
+        case files::FileKind::Ota: base_ = Mode::Ota; break;
+        default: base_ = Mode::Hex; break;
+    }
+    pager_.reset(new files::TextPager([this](uint32_t offset, uint8_t* into, size_t len) { return readAt(offset, into, len); }, size_,
+                                      kCols, kRows));
+    if (files::opensAtEnd(name)) pager_->toEnd();
+    hexTop_ = 0;
+    show(base_);
+    if (base_ == Mode::Gpx || base_ == Mode::Pcap || base_ == Mode::Ota) startScan(base_);
+}
+
+void FileViewer::startScan(Mode mode) {
+    scan_ = std::make_shared<Scan>();
+    scan_->what = mode;
+    scan_->path = path_;
+    scanShown_ = false;
+    shownPercent_ = -1;
+    auto scan = scan_;
+    StorageService* storage = &storage_;
+    storage_.runJob([storage, scan]() { Scan::run(storage, scan); });
+}
+
+void FileViewer::close() {
+    if (scan_) scan_->stop = true;  // its job ends at the next piece and frees itself
+    scan_.reset();
+    if (file_) {
+        auto file = file_;
+        storage_.runJob([file]() {
+            if (*file) file->close();
+        });
+    }
+    file_.reset();
+    pager_.reset();
+    confirm_.reset();
+    message_.clear();
+    std::vector<std::string>().swap(shown_);
+    std::vector<std::string>().swap(details_);
+    packets_.setCount(0);
+    rowsFrom_ = -1;
+}
+
+void FileViewer::show(Mode mode) {
+    mode_ = mode;
+    stale_ = true;
+    rowsFrom_ = -1;
+}
+
+void FileViewer::say(const std::string& text) {
+    message_ = text;
+    messageMs_ = millis();
+}
+
+std::string FileViewer::title() const { return files::fitName(files::baseName(path_), 24); }
+
+void FileViewer::scroll(int lines) {
+    if (mode_ == Mode::Text && pager_) {
+        if (lines > 0) pager_->down(lines);
+        else pager_->up(-lines);
+    } else if (mode_ == Mode::Hex) {
+        uint32_t rows = (size_ + 7) / 8, last = rows > static_cast<uint32_t>(kRows) ? rows - kRows : 0;
+        int64_t to = static_cast<int64_t>(hexTop_) + lines;
+        hexTop_ = static_cast<uint32_t>(std::clamp<int64_t>(to, 0, last));
+    }
+    stale_ = true;
+}
+
+void FileViewer::openPacket(int index) {
+    if (!scan_ || !scan_->done || index < 0 || index >= static_cast<int>(scan_->packets.size())) return;
+    uint8_t buf[files::kPcapRecordSize + kMaxPacketBytes];
+    size_t n = readAt(scan_->packets[index], buf, sizeof buf);
+    files::PcapRecord r;
+    if (!files::parsePcapRecord(buf, n, r)) return;
+    const uint8_t* body = buf + files::kPcapRecordSize;
+    size_t have = std::min<size_t>(r.length, n - files::kPcapRecordSize);
+    details_.clear();
+    char line[64];
+    lora::RxInfo rx;
+    bool tap = scan_->pcap.linkType == files::kLinkLoraTap && files::parseLoraTap(body, have, rx);
+    size_t skip = tap ? lora::kLoraTapSize : 0;
+    std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%s, %u bytes", clockTime(r.seconds).c_str(), static_cast<unsigned>(r.length - skip));
+    details_.push_back(line);
+    if (tap) {
+        std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%.0f dBm, SNR %.1f dB, noise %.0f", rx.rssi, rx.snr, rx.noiseFloor);
+        details_.push_back(line);
+        std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%.4f MHz, SF%u, %.0f kHz", rx.frequencyHz / 1e6, rx.spreadingFactor, rx.bandwidthKHz);
+        details_.push_back(line);
+        if (rx.syncWord == meshtastic::kSyncWord)
+            for (auto& l : lora::headerLines(body + skip, have - skip)) details_.push_back(l);
+    }
+    for (auto& l : lora::hexDump(body + skip, have - skip)) details_.push_back(l);
+    if (have < r.length) details_.push_back("(the first bytes only)");
+    detailsTop_ = 0;
+    mode_ = Mode::Packet;
+}
+
+bool FileViewer::onKey(const KeyEvent& e) {
+    if (confirm_) {
+        confirm_->onKey(e);
+        if (confirm_->result() == 1) update_.installFromSd(path_);
+        if (confirm_->result() != DialogModel::kPending) confirm_.reset();
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (mode_ == Mode::Packet) {
+        int last = std::max(0, static_cast<int>(details_.size()) - (kRows + 1));
+        if (e.key == Key::Up) detailsTop_ = std::max(0, detailsTop_ - 1);
+        else if (e.key == Key::Down) detailsTop_ = std::min(last, detailsTop_ + 1);
+        else if (e.key == Key::Back || e.key == Key::Select) mode_ = Mode::Pcap;
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (e.key == Key::Back) return false;
+    if (e.key == Key::Tab) {
+        // The file's own view, or what it's made of: text for a Track, bytes for the others.
+        if (mode_ != base_) show(base_);
+        else show(base_ == Mode::Hex || base_ == Mode::Gpx ? Mode::Text : Mode::Hex);
+        return true;
+    }
+    uint32_t ch = e.key == Key::Char ? e.ch : 0;
+    switch (mode_) {
+        case Mode::Text:
+        case Mode::Hex:
+            if (e.key == Key::Up) scroll(-1);
+            else if (e.key == Key::Down) scroll(1);
+            else if (e.key == Key::Left) scroll(-(kRows - 1));
+            else if (e.key == Key::Right) scroll(kRows - 1);
+            else if (ch == 't' || ch == 'T') {
+                if (pager_) pager_->toStart();
+                hexTop_ = 0;
+                stale_ = true;
+            } else if (ch == 'b' || ch == 'B') {
+                if (mode_ == Mode::Text && pager_) pager_->toEnd();
+                else scroll(INT32_MAX / 2);
+                stale_ = true;
+            }
+            break;
+        case Mode::Pcap:
+            if (e.key == Key::Up) packets_.up();
+            else if (e.key == Key::Down) packets_.down();
+            else if (e.key == Key::Left) packets_.pageUp();
+            else if (e.key == Key::Right) packets_.pageDown();
+            else if (e.key == Key::Select) openPacket(packets_.selected());
+            break;
+        case Mode::Ota:
+            if (e.key == Key::Select && scan_ && scan_->done && scan_->genuine) confirm_.reset(new DialogModel({"Cancel", "Install"}));
+            break;
+        default: break;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool FileViewer::update(uint32_t) {
+    if (!message_.empty() && millis() - messageMs_ >= 4000) {
+        message_.clear();
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (!scan_) return false;
+    if (scan_->done && !scanShown_) {
+        scanShown_ = true;
+        if (scan_->what == Mode::Pcap) packets_.setCount(static_cast<int>(scan_->packets.size()));
+        return true;
+    }
+    int percent = scan_->percent;
+    if (!scan_->done && percent != shownPercent_) {
+        shownPercent_ = percent;
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void FileViewer::refresh() {
+    if (mode_ == Mode::Text && stale_ && pager_) {
+        shown_ = pager_->lines();
+        stale_ = false;
+    } else if (mode_ == Mode::Hex && stale_) {
+        uint8_t buf[kRows * 8];
+        size_t n = readAt(hexTop_ * 8, buf, sizeof buf);
+        shown_.clear();
+        for (size_t at = 0; at < n; at += 8) shown_.push_back(files::hexRow(hexTop_ * 8 + at, buf + at, std::min<size_t>(8, n - at)));
+        stale_ = false;
+    } else if (mode_ == Mode::Pcap && scan_ && scan_->done && rowsFrom_ != packets_.firstVisible()) {
+        // The rows on screen, read from the card once each time the list moves.
+        rowsFrom_ = packets_.firstVisible();
+        shown_.clear();
+        bool tap = scan_->pcap.linkType == files::kLinkLoraTap;
+        for (int i = rowsFrom_; i < rowsFrom_ + kRows && i < static_cast<int>(scan_->packets.size()); i++) {
+            uint8_t buf[files::kPcapRecordSize + kMaxPacketBytes];
+            size_t n = readAt(scan_->packets[i], buf, sizeof buf);
+            files::PcapRecord r;
+            lora::RxInfo rx;
+            if (!files::parsePcapRecord(buf, n, r)) {
+                shown_.push_back("(unreadable)");
+                continue;
+            }
+            const uint8_t* body = buf + files::kPcapRecordSize;
+            size_t have = std::min<size_t>(r.length, n - files::kPcapRecordSize);
+            if (tap && files::parseLoraTap(body, have, rx)) {
+                shown_.push_back(lora::row({body + lora::kLoraTapSize, have - lora::kLoraTapSize, rx.rssi, rx.snr, true,
+                                            rx.syncWord == meshtastic::kSyncWord},
+                                           clockTime(r.seconds)));
+            } else {
+                shown_.push_back(clockTime(r.seconds) + "  " + std::to_string(r.length) + " bytes");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void FileViewer::draw(Canvas& c) {
+    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
+    refresh();
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+    theme::Rect body{area.x, area.y + 10, area.w, kRows * theme::kLineHeight};
+    std::string right, keys = "Tab: hex";
+    bool scanning = scan_ && !scan_->done;
+
+    switch (mode_) {
+        case Mode::Text:
+        case Mode::Hex: {
+            c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+            c.setTextColor(size_ == 0 ? theme::kMuted : theme::kText);
+            if (size_ == 0) c.drawString("(empty)", 4, body.y + 1);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < shown_.size(); i++) c.drawString(shown_[i].c_str(), 4, body.y + 1 + static_cast<int>(i) * theme::kLineHeight);
+            uint32_t at = mode_ == Mode::Text && pager_ ? pager_->top() : hexTop_ * 8;
+            if (size_ > 0) {  // where in the file the screen is
+                int barH = 12, barY = body.y + static_cast<int>(static_cast<uint64_t>(body.h - barH) * at / size_);
+                c.fillRect(area.w - 2, barY, 2, barH, theme::kMuted);
+            }
+            right = formatBytes(size_);
+            keys = std::string("Tab: ") + (mode_ != base_ ? "back" : mode_ == Mode::Text ? "hex" : "text") + "  t: top  b: end";
+            if (mode_ == Mode::Text) keys += "  e: edit";
+            break;
+        }
+        case Mode::Gpx: {
+            std::vector<std::string> lines;
+            if (scanning) lines.push_back("Reading the Track... " + std::to_string(scan_->percent.load()) + "%");
+            else if (scan_ && !scan_->error.empty()) lines.push_back(scan_->error);
+            else if (scan_) lines = scan_->gpx.lines();
+            widgets::textLines(c, lines, 0, body);
+            right = formatBytes(size_);
+            keys = "Tab: the file as text";
+            break;
+        }
+        case Mode::Pcap: {
+            c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+            c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+            if (scanning) c.drawString("Reading the Capture...", 4, body.y + 1);
+            else if (scan_ && !scan_->error.empty()) c.drawString(scan_->error.c_str(), 4, body.y + 1);
+            else if (scan_ && scan_->packets.empty()) c.drawString("No packets in this Capture.", 4, body.y + 1);
+            else if (scan_) {
+                int from = rowsFrom_;
+                widgets::list(c, packets_, body, [&](int i) {
+                    size_t row = static_cast<size_t>(i - from);
+                    return row < shown_.size() ? shown_[row] : std::string();
+                });
+                right = std::to_string(scan_->packets.size()) + (scan_->morePackets ? "+ packets" : " packets");
+                keys = "Enter: the packet  Tab: hex";
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case Mode::Packet: widgets::textLines(c, details_, detailsTop_, {area.x + 2, area.y + 2, area.w - 2, area.h - 2}); return;
+        case Mode::Ota: {
+            std::vector<std::string> lines;
+            bool ok = scan_ && scan_->done && scan_->genuine;
+            if (scanning) {
+                lines.push_back("Checking it as an install would:");
+                lines.push_back("signature and contents, " + std::to_string(scan_->percent.load()) + "%");
+            } else if (scan_) {
+                if (!scan_->version.empty()) lines.push_back("Version " + scan_->version);
+                lines.push_back(std::string("Running ") + versionString());
+                if (ok) {
+                    lines.push_back("Signed with the project's key, intact.");
+                    if (scan_->older) lines.push_back("Older than what's running.");
+                } else {
+                    lines.push_back("Not installable:");
+                    lines.push_back(scan_->error.empty() ? "it ends too early" : scan_->error);
+                }
+            }
+            widgets::textLines(c, lines, 0, body);
+            right = formatBytes(size_);
+            keys = ok ? "Enter: install  Tab: hex" : "Tab: hex";
+            if (confirm_) {
+                widgets::dialog(c, "Install update?", "The device restarts into " + scan_->version + " once it's written.", *confirm_);
+                return;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+    c.drawString(title().c_str(), 4, area.y + 1);
+    c.setTextDatum(top_right);
+    c.drawString(right.c_str(), area.w - 3, area.y + 1);
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+    if (!message_.empty()) c.setTextColor(theme::kWarning);
+    c.drawString(message_.empty() ? keys.c_str() : message_.c_str(), 4, area.y + area.h - 9);
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <FS.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "dialog_model.h"
+#include "key_event.h"
+#include "list_model.h"
+#include "services/storage_service.h"
+#include "services/update_service.h"
+#include "text_pager.h"
+#include "ui/canvas.h"
+#include "ui/theme.h"
+
+namespace roro {
+
+// Looks inside a file for the Storage App (F1, Q134), by type: text read as it's scrolled, a hex
+// dump, a Capture's packets, a Track's summary, an Update File's version and whether it's
+// genuine. Tab switches to the text or the hex of the same file. Nothing here changes a file.
+class FileViewer {
+   public:
+    FileViewer(StorageService& storage, UpdateService& update) : storage_(storage), update_(update) {}
+
+    void open(const std::string& path, uint32_t size);
+    void close();
+    bool onKey(const KeyEvent& e);  // false: leave the viewer
+    bool update(uint32_t nowMs);    // true: draw again
+    void draw(Canvas& c);
+
+    // For `e` in the Storage App: is this a text small enough to edit (Q146)? And a line to say why not.
+    bool showingText() const { return mode_ == Mode::Text; }
+    const std::string& path() const { return path_; }
+    uint32_t size() const { return size_; }
+    void say(const std::string& text);
+
+   private:
+    enum class Mode { Text, Hex, Gpx, Pcap, Packet, Ota };
+    static constexpr int kRows = 8;
+    static constexpr int kCols = 38;
+    struct Scan;  // what a storage job reads through a whole file for: shared with that job
+
+    size_t readAt(uint32_t offset, uint8_t* into, size_t len);
+    void show(Mode mode);
+    void startScan(Mode mode);
+    void refresh();  // reads what the screen shows, when it has moved
+    void openPacket(int index);
+    void scroll(int lines);
+    std::string title() const;
+
+    StorageService& storage_;
+    UpdateService& update_;
+    std::string path_;
+    uint32_t size_ = 0;
+    Mode mode_ = Mode::Text, base_ = Mode::Text;
+    std::shared_ptr<fs::File> file_;  // opened and read on the storage task only
+    std::unique_ptr<files::TextPager> pager_;
+    uint32_t hexTop_ = 0;  // in rows of eight bytes
+    std::vector<std::string> shown_;  // the rows on screen
+    bool stale_ = true;
+    std::shared_ptr<Scan> scan_;
+    bool scanShown_ = false;
+    int shownPercent_ = -1;
+    ListModel packets_{kRows};
+    int rowsFrom_ = -1;
+    std::vector<std::string> details_;
+    int detailsTop_ = 0;
+    std::unique_ptr<DialogModel> confirm_;
+    std::string message_;
+    uint32_t messageMs_ = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace roro
@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ void FirmwarePage::draw(Canvas& c) {
                case kVersion: return "Version";
                case kStatus: return "Status";
                case kAddress: return "Push to";
-                case kName: return "Name";
                case kSdHeader: return listed ? (found.empty() ? "No .ota files in /updates" : "On the SD card:") : "Looking on the SD card...";
                default: return "  " + found[i - kFixed].substr(std::string(kUpdatesFolder).size() + 1);
            }
@@ -88,7 +87,6 @@ void FirmwarePage::draw(Canvas& c) {
                case kVersion: return versionString();
                case kStatus: return update_.onProbation() ? "on probation" : "confirmed";
                case kAddress: return ip.empty() ? "Wi-Fi not connected" : ip + ":" + std::to_string(UpdateService::kPort);
-                case kName: return update_.hostname() + ".local";
                case kSdHeader: return "";
                default: return "install >";
            }
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class FirmwarePage {
    void draw(Canvas& c);

   private:
-    enum Row { kVersion, kStatus, kAddress, kName, kSdHeader, kFixed };
+    enum Row { kVersion, kStatus, kAddress, kSdHeader, kFixed };

    std::vector<std::string> files();

@@ -0,0 +1,531 @@
+#include "gemini_app.h"
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "gemini_url.h"
+#include "text_wrap.h"
+#include "ui/fonts.h"
+#include "ui/theme.h"
+#include "ui/widgets.h"
+
+namespace roro {
+
+using namespace gemini;
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr int kUrlBar = 10;  // the small line with the URL at the top
+constexpr int kMargin = 3;
+constexpr const char* kStartUrl = GeminiService::kStartUrl;
+constexpr size_t kMaxHistory = 20;  // Q77
+
+// How each line type looks: its prefix, the indent of its wrapped rows, font and colour.
+struct Style {
+    const char* prefix;
+    int indent;  // characters
+    const lgfx::U8g2font* font;
+    uint16_t color;
+};
+
+Style styleOf(LineType t) {
+    switch (t) {
+        case LineType::Heading1: return {"", 0, &fonts::bold, theme::kAccent};
+        case LineType::Heading2: return {"", 0, &fonts::bold, theme::kText};
+        case LineType::Heading3: return {"", 0, &fonts::bold, theme::kMuted};
+        case LineType::ListItem: return {"\xC2\xB7 ", 2, &fonts::body, theme::kText};  // ·
+        case LineType::Quote: return {"> ", 2, &fonts::body, theme::kMuted};
+        case LineType::Link: return {"\xC2\xBB ", 2, &fonts::body, theme::kAccent};    // »
+        case LineType::Preformatted: return {"", 0, &fonts::body, theme::kText};
+        default: return {"", 0, &fonts::body, theme::kText};
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void GeminiApp::onEnter() {
+    if (page_.url.empty() && !loading_) navigate(kStartUrl, false);
+    requestRedraw();
+}
+
+// The page's first heading, for a bookmark's label.
+std::string GeminiApp::titleOf() const {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < page_.text.lineCount() && i < 40; i++)
+        if (static_cast<LineType>(types_[i]) == LineType::Heading1) return lineAt(i).text;
+    return "";
+}
+
+void GeminiApp::follow(const std::string& link) {
+    std::string url = resolve(page_.base(), link);
+    navigate(url, true, isSaved());  // inside a Saved Page, its saved links open offline (Q84)
+}
+
+void GeminiApp::showMessage(const std::string& url, const std::string& gemtext) {
+    GeminiPage p;
+    p.outcome = GeminiPage::Outcome::Ok;
+    p.url = url;
+    p.header.status = 20;
+    p.text.append(gemtext.data(), gemtext.size());
+    p.text.finish();
+    show(std::move(p));
+}
+
+void GeminiApp::navigate(const std::string& target, bool remember, bool preferSaved) {
+    bool local = target == kStartUrl || target.rfind("file://", 0) == 0;
+    if (!isGemini(target) && !local) {
+        status_ = "Not Gemini: " + target;
+        statusMs_ = millis();
+        requestRedraw();
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!gemini_.fetch(target, preferSaved)) {
+        status_ = "Busy: try again in a moment";
+        statusMs_ = millis();
+        return;
+    }
+    if (remember && !page_.url.empty()) {
+        history_.push_back({page_.url, topRow_});
+        if (history_.size() > kMaxHistory) history_.erase(history_.begin());
+    }
+    loading_ = true;
+    loadingUrl_ = target;
+    status_.clear();
+    requestRedraw();
+}
+
+void GeminiApp::show(GeminiPage&& page) {
+    page_ = std::move(page);
+    windowLoading_ = false;
+    analyse();
+    topRow_ = hscroll_ = 0;
+    selected_ = -1;
+}
+
+void GeminiApp::analyse() {
+    // Sized exactly: the Service budgeted these bytes per line (kBytesPerLine), growth by
+    // doubling would take up to twice that.
+    std::vector<uint8_t>().swap(types_);
+    std::vector<uint32_t>().swap(links_);
+    types_.reserve(page_.text.lineCount());
+    // A window may start inside a preformatted block: the index says (bit 31).
+    size_t entry = page_.windowStart / GeminiService::kIndexEvery;
+    bool pre = page_.windowed && entry < page_.lineIndex.size() && (page_.lineIndex[entry] & 0x80000000u);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < page_.text.lineCount(); i++) {
+        LineType t = parseGemLine(page_.text.line(i), pre).type;
+        if (page_.header.mimeType() != "text/gemini") t = LineType::Preformatted;  // other text/*: as is
+        types_.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(t));
+        if (t == LineType::Link) links_.push_back(i);
+    }
+    links_.shrink_to_fit();
+    layoutDirty_ = true;
+    requestRedraw();
+}
+
+size_t GeminiApp::topLine() const {
+    if (firstRow_.size() < 2) return page_.windowStart;
+    size_t i = std::upper_bound(firstRow_.begin(), firstRow_.end() - 1, static_cast<uint32_t>(topRow_)) - firstRow_.begin();
+    return page_.windowStart + (i > 0 ? i - 1 : 0);
+}
+
+void GeminiApp::requestWindow(size_t firstLine) {
+    if (windowLoading_ || !gemini_.loadWindow(page_, firstLine)) return;
+    windowLoading_ = true;
+    keepLine_ = static_cast<long>(topLine());
+    status_ = "Reading from the card...";
+    statusMs_ = millis();
+}
+
+// A new window of the same page: same URL, history and position, other lines.
+void GeminiApp::applyWindow(GeminiPage&& window) {
+    windowLoading_ = false;
+    status_.clear();
+    page_.text = std::move(window.text);
+    page_.windowStart = window.windowStart;
+    page_.lineIndex = std::move(window.lineIndex);
+    selected_ = -1;
+    analyse();
+}
+
+void GeminiApp::update(uint32_t nowMs) {
+    GeminiPage result;
+    bool got = gemini_.takeResult(result);
+    if (got && !result.windowOf.empty()) {
+        windowLoading_ = false;
+        if (result.windowOf == page_.backing) applyWindow(std::move(result));  // else: we've moved on
+    } else if (got) {
+        loading_ = false;
+        std::string url = result.url;
+        switch (result.outcome) {
+            case GeminiPage::Outcome::CertificateChanged:
+                pendingCert_ = std::move(result);
+                certDialog_.reset(new DialogModel({"Cancel", "Trust it"}));
+                break;
+            case GeminiPage::Outcome::Failed:
+                showMessage(url, "# Can't open this page\n" + result.error + "\n=> " + url + " Try again\n");
+                break;
+            case GeminiPage::Outcome::Ok:
+                switch (result.header.category()) {
+                    case Category::Success:
+                        if (result.header.mimeType().rfind("text/", 0) == 0) show(std::move(result));
+                        else {
+                            std::string mime = result.header.mimeType();
+                            showMessage(url, "# Not a text page\nThis is " + mime +
+                                                 ", which the Cardputer can't show. s saves it to the card, in "
+                                                 "/gemini/downloads.\n");
+                            page_.header.meta = mime;  // so s knows to download it
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case Category::Input:
+                        // Q72: ask, then request the same URL with the answer as its query.
+                        inputOpen_ = true;
+                        inputSensitive_ = result.header.sensitiveInput();
+                        inputPrompt_ = result.header.meta;
+                        inputUrl_ = url;
+                        input_.setText("");
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        showMessage(url, "# " + std::to_string(result.header.status) + " " + result.header.meta +
+                                             "\nThe server refused this page.\n=> " + url + " Try again\n");
+                        break;
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+        requestRedraw();
+    }
+    // Signed: statusMs_ may be a few ms ahead of this pass's nowMs (set by a key handled after it).
+    std::string message;
+    if (gemini_.takeMessage(message)) {
+        status_ = message;
+        statusMs_ = millis();
+        if (!reopen_.empty()) {  // a refreshed Saved Page: show the new copy
+            navigate(reopen_, false);
+            reopen_.clear();
+        } else if (message == "Deleted") navigate(kStartUrl, false);
+        requestRedraw();
+    }
+    if (!status_.empty() && static_cast<int32_t>(nowMs - statusMs_) > 4000) {
+        status_.clear();
+        requestRedraw();
+    }
+}
+
+int GeminiApp::rowsOnScreen() const { return (theme::kContent.h - kUrlBar) / theme::kLineHeight; }
+
+LineType typeOf(const std::vector<uint8_t>& types, size_t i) { return static_cast<LineType>(types[i]); }
+
+GemLine GeminiApp::lineAt(size_t i) const {
+    bool pre = typeOf(types_, i) == LineType::Preformatted;
+    GemLine g = parseGemLine(page_.text.line(i), pre);
+    if (typeOf(types_, i) == LineType::Preformatted) {
+        g.type = LineType::Preformatted;
+        g.text = page_.text.line(i);
+    }
+    return g;
+}
+
+// A line's rows, as drawn: prefix on the first, indent on the rest; preformatted lines don't wrap.
+std::vector<std::string> GeminiApp::rowsOf(Canvas& c, size_t i) const {
+    GemLine g = lineAt(i);
+    if (g.type == LineType::PreToggle) return {};
+    if (g.type == LineType::Preformatted) return {displayText(g.text)};
+    Style st = styleOf(g.type);
+    c.setFont(st.font);
+    MeasureText measure = [&c](const std::string& s) { return static_cast<int>(c.textWidth(s.c_str())); };
+    int width = theme::kWidth - 2 * kMargin;
+    std::string indent(st.indent, ' ');
+    std::vector<std::string> rows = wrapText(st.prefix + displayText(g.text), width, measure);
+    if (rows.empty()) rows.push_back("");
+    // Rows after the first: the exact rest of the text (wrapText keeps every space but the one it
+    // breaks at), wrapped again, narrower, behind the indent.
+    if (rows.size() > 1 && st.indent > 0) {
+        std::string full = st.prefix + displayText(g.text);
+        std::string rest = full.substr(rows[0].size());
+        if (!rest.empty() && rest[0] == ' ') rest.erase(0, 1);
+        std::vector<std::string> more = wrapText(rest, width - measure(indent), measure);
+        rows.resize(1);
+        for (auto& m : more) rows.push_back(indent + m);
+    }
+    return rows;
+}
+
+void GeminiApp::layout(Canvas& c) {
+    firstRow_.assign(page_.text.lineCount() + 1, 0);
+    uint32_t row = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < page_.text.lineCount(); i++) {
+        firstRow_[i] = row;
+        row += rowsOf(c, i).size();
+    }
+    firstRow_.back() = row;
+    layoutDirty_ = false;
+}
+
+void GeminiApp::scrollTo(int row) {
+    int total = firstRow_.empty() ? 0 : static_cast<int>(firstRow_.back());
+    // A windowed page: near either end of the window, read the next part from the card. The new
+    // window starts a block before the line on top, so what's on screen stays.
+    const size_t block = GeminiService::kIndexEvery;
+    if (row + rowsOnScreen() > total - 2 && moreBelow()) {
+        size_t line = topLine();
+        requestWindow(line >= block ? line - line % block : 0);
+    } else if (row < 0 && moreAbove()) {
+        size_t line = topLine();
+        size_t back = page_.text.lineCount() / 2;  // about half a window above
+        requestWindow(line > back ? line - back : 0);
+    }
+    topRow_ = std::max(0, std::min(row, std::max(0, total - rowsOnScreen())));
+    requestRedraw();
+}
+
+void GeminiApp::selectLink(int direction) {
+    // A windowed page: past the window's last (or first) link, page on instead of wrapping.
+    int last = static_cast<int>(links_.size()) - 1;
+    if ((direction > 0 && moreBelow() && (links_.empty() || selected_ == last)) ||
+        (direction < 0 && moreAbove() && (links_.empty() || selected_ == 0))) {
+        selected_ = -1;
+        scrollTo(topRow_ + direction * (rowsOnScreen() - 1));
+        return;
+    }
+    if (links_.empty()) return;
+    int count = static_cast<int>(links_.size());
+    if (selected_ < 0) {
+        // The first link on screen, or after it when going forward.
+        selected_ = direction > 0 ? 0 : count - 1;
+        for (int k = 0; k < count; k++)
+            if (static_cast<int>(firstRow_[links_[k]]) >= topRow_) {
+                selected_ = direction > 0 ? k : std::max(0, k - 1);
+                break;
+            }
+    } else selected_ = (selected_ + direction + count) % count;
+    int row = firstRow_[links_[selected_]];
+    if (row < topRow_ || row >= topRow_ + rowsOnScreen()) scrollTo(row - 1);
+    requestRedraw();
+}
+
+bool GeminiApp::onKey(const KeyEvent& e) {
+    requestRedraw();
+    if (certDialog_) {
+        certDialog_->onKey(e);
+        if (certDialog_->result() == DialogModel::kPending) return true;
+        if (certDialog_->result() == 1) {
+            gemini_.trust(pendingCert_.host, pendingCert_.port, pendingCert_.presented);
+            navigate(pendingCert_.requested, false);
+        }
+        certDialog_.reset();
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (deleteDialog_) {
+        deleteDialog_->onKey(e);
+        if (deleteDialog_->result() == DialogModel::kPending) return true;
+        if (deleteDialog_->result() == 1) gemini_.deleteSaved(savedPathOf());
+        deleteDialog_.reset();
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (inputOpen_) {
+        switch (e.key) {
+            case Key::Char: input_.insert(e.ch); break;
+            case Key::Delete: input_.backspace(); break;
+            case Key::Left: input_.left(); break;
+            case Key::Right: input_.right(); break;
+            case Key::Back: inputOpen_ = false; break;
+            case Key::Select:
+                inputOpen_ = false;
+                navigate(resolve(inputUrl_, "?" + encodeQuery(input_.text())));
+                break;
+            default: break;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (addressOpen_) {
+        switch (e.key) {
+            case Key::Char: address_.insert(e.ch); break;
+            case Key::Delete: address_.backspace(); break;
+            case Key::Left: address_.left(); break;
+            case Key::Right: address_.right(); break;
+            case Key::Back: addressOpen_ = false; break;
+            case Key::Select: {
+                std::string url = address_.text();
+                if (url.find("://") == std::string::npos) url = "gemini://" + url;
+                addressOpen_ = false;
+                navigate(url);
+                break;
+            }
+            default: break;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    switch (e.key) {
+        case Key::Up: scrollTo(topRow_ - 1); return true;
+        case Key::Down: scrollTo(topRow_ + 1); return true;
+        case Key::Left: hscroll_ = std::max(0, hscroll_ - 8); return true;
+        case Key::Right: hscroll_ += 8; return true;
+        case Key::Tab: selectLink(e.shift ? -1 : 1); return true;
+        case Key::Select:
+            if (selected_ >= 0) follow(lineAt(links_[selected_]).url);
+            return true;
+        case Key::Back:
+        case Key::Delete:
+            if (loading_) {
+                gemini_.cancel();
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (history_.empty()) return e.key == Key::Delete;  // Back leaves the App
+            {
+                Visit v = history_.back();
+                history_.pop_back();
+                navigate(v.url, false);
+                restoreRow_ = v.topRow;
+            }
+            return true;
+        case Key::Char:
+            switch (e.ch) {
+                case ' ': scrollTo(topRow_ + rowsOnScreen() - 1); break;
+                case 'g':
+                    address_.setText(page_.url == kStartUrl || isSaved() ? "" : page_.url);
+                    addressOpen_ = true;
+                    break;
+                case 'b':  // Q77
+                    if (isGemini(page_.base())) gemini_.addBookmark(page_.base(), titleOf());
+                    break;
+                case 's':  // Q82, Q73
+                    if (isSaved()) status_ = "Already saved; r refreshes it";
+                    else if (!isGemini(page_.url)) status_ = "Only Gemini pages can be saved";
+                    else if (page_.header.mimeType().rfind("text/", 0) == 0) gemini_.save(page_.url);
+                    else gemini_.download(page_.url);
+                    statusMs_ = millis();
+                    break;
+                case 'S': {  // Q83: this page and the gemtext it links to on the same capsule
+                    Url here;
+                    if (isSaved() || !parseUrl(page_.url, here)) break;
+                    std::vector<std::string> links;
+                    for (uint32_t i : links_) {
+                        std::string target = resolve(page_.url, lineAt(i).url);
+                        Url u;
+                        if (isGemini(target) && parseUrl(target, u) && u.host == here.host && target != page_.url &&
+                            std::find(links.begin(), links.end(), target) == links.end())
+                            links.push_back(target);
+                        if (static_cast<int>(links.size()) >= GeminiService::kMaxLinkedPages - 1) break;
+                    }
+                    gemini_.saveWithLinks(page_.url, links);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 'r':  // Q84: a fresh copy of a Saved Page
+                    if (isSaved() && gemini_.refresh(savedPathOf())) reopen_ = page_.url;
+                    break;
+                case 'd':  // Q85
+                    if (isSaved()) deleteDialog_.reset(new DialogModel({"Keep", "Delete"}));
+                    break;
+                default: break;
+            }
+            return true;
+        default: return false;
+    }
+}
+
+void GeminiApp::draw(Canvas& c) {
+    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
+    if (layoutDirty_) {
+        layout(c);
+        if (restoreRow_ >= 0 && !loading_) {
+            scrollTo(restoreRow_);
+            restoreRow_ = -1;
+        }
+        if (keepLine_ >= 0 && !windowLoading_) {  // a new window: back to the line that was on top
+            long local = keepLine_ - static_cast<long>(page_.windowStart);
+            if (local >= 0 && local < static_cast<long>(page_.text.lineCount())) topRow_ = firstRow_[local];
+            keepLine_ = -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // The URL bar: what's shown, or what's loading, or a passing message.
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+    std::string bar = loading_ ? "Loading " + loadingUrl_
+                      : !status_.empty() ? status_
+                      : isSaved() ? "saved " + page_.savedOn + ": " + page_.savedFrom
+                                  : page_.url;
+    c.setTextColor(loading_ || !status_.empty() ? theme::kWarning : theme::kMuted);
+    c.drawString(displayText(bar).substr(0, 47).c_str(), kMargin, area.y + 1);
+
+    int rows = rowsOnScreen(), y0 = area.y + kUrlBar;
+    // The first source line on screen: the last whose first row is at or above topRow_.
+    size_t i = std::upper_bound(firstRow_.begin(), firstRow_.end() - 1, static_cast<uint32_t>(topRow_)) -
+               firstRow_.begin();
+    i = i > 0 ? i - 1 : 0;
+    int row = topRow_;
+    while (i < page_.text.lineCount() && row < topRow_ + rows) {
+        int skip = row - static_cast<int>(firstRow_[i]);
+        int lineRows = static_cast<int>(firstRow_[i + 1] - firstRow_[i]);
+        if (lineRows > 0) {
+            drawLine(c, i, skip, y0 + (row - topRow_) * theme::kLineHeight, topRow_ + rows - row);
+            row += lineRows - skip;
+        }
+        i++;
+    }
+    if (page_.truncated && row < topRow_ + rows) {
+        c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kWarning);
+        c.drawString(("Cut short: " + page_.truncatedWhy).substr(0, 47).c_str(), kMargin,
+                     y0 + (row - topRow_) * theme::kLineHeight + 2);
+    }
+    // Scroll position, on the right edge: over the whole page, also when only a window is in memory.
+    int total = static_cast<int>(firstRow_.back());
+    int h = area.h - kUrlBar;
+    if (page_.windowed && page_.totalLines > 0) {
+        int barH = std::max(6, static_cast<int>(h * page_.text.lineCount() / page_.totalLines / 3));
+        int y = static_cast<int>((h - barH) * topLine() / std::max<size_t>(1, page_.totalLines - 1));
+        c.fillRect(area.w - 2, y0 + y, 2, barH, theme::kMuted);
+    } else if (total > rows) {
+        int barH = std::max(6, h * rows / total);
+        c.fillRect(area.w - 2, y0 + (h - barH) * topRow_ / std::max(1, total - rows), 2, barH, theme::kMuted);
+    }
+
+    if (addressOpen_) {
+        theme::Rect box{2, area.y + area.h / 2 - 12, area.w - 4, theme::kLineHeight + 4};
+        c.fillRect(box.x - 2, box.y - 12, box.w + 4, box.h + 14, theme::kBackground);
+        c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+        c.drawString("Go to (Enter, or ` to cancel)", box.x, box.y - 10);
+        widgets::lineEditor(c, address_, box);
+    }
+    if (inputOpen_) {
+        theme::Rect box{2, area.y + area.h / 2 - 4, area.w - 4, theme::kLineHeight + 4};
+        c.fillRect(0, box.y - 26, area.w, box.h + 28, theme::kBackground);
+        c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kText);
+        c.drawString(displayText(inputPrompt_).substr(0, 39).c_str(), box.x, box.y - 22);
+        c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+        c.drawString(inputSensitive_ ? "(hidden) Enter sends, ` cancels" : "Enter sends, ` cancels", box.x, box.y - 9);
+        if (inputSensitive_) {
+            LineEditor masked(1024);
+            masked.setText(std::string(input_.text().size(), '*'));
+            widgets::lineEditor(c, masked, box);
+        } else widgets::lineEditor(c, input_, box);
+    }
+    if (deleteDialog_) widgets::dialog(c, "Delete this Saved Page?", page_.savedFrom, *deleteDialog_);
+    if (certDialog_)
+        widgets::dialog(c, "Certificate changed",
+                        pendingCert_.host + " now shows a different certificate. Was " + pendingCert_.pinned.substr(0, 16) +
+                            "..., now " + pendingCert_.presented.substr(0, 16) + "...",
+                        *certDialog_);
+}
+
+void GeminiApp::drawLine(Canvas& c, size_t i, int firstRow, int y, int rowsLeft) {
+    GemLine g = lineAt(i);
+    Style st = styleOf(g.type);
+    bool isSelected = selected_ >= 0 && links_[selected_] == i;
+    std::vector<std::string> rows = rowsOf(c, i);
+    c.setFont(st.font);
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+    for (int r = firstRow; r < static_cast<int>(rows.size()) && r - firstRow < rowsLeft; r++) {
+        int ry = y + (r - firstRow) * theme::kLineHeight;
+        if (isSelected) c.fillRect(0, ry, theme::kWidth - 3, theme::kLineHeight, theme::kSelection);
+        c.setTextColor(isSelected ? theme::kText : st.color);
+        std::string text = rows[r];
+        if (g.type == LineType::Preformatted) text = hscroll_ < static_cast<int>(text.size()) ? text.substr(hscroll_) : "";
+        c.drawString(text.c_str(), kMargin, ry + 1);
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "app.h"
+#include "dialog_model.h"
+#include "gemtext.h"
+#include "line_editor.h"
+#include "services/gemini_service.h"
+#include "ui/canvas.h"
+
+namespace roro {
+
+// Geminispace on the Cardputer (docs/milestones/G1.md). Pages come from the GeminiService as
+// lines; the App wraps them once (keeping only each line's first row), then wraps just the lines
+// on screen when it draws, so a long page costs 4 bytes a line on top of its text.
+class GeminiApp : public App {
+   public:
+    explicit GeminiApp(GeminiService& gemini) : gemini_(gemini) {}
+    void onEnter() override;
+    bool onKey(const KeyEvent& e) override;
+    bool textEntryActive() const override { return addressOpen_ || inputOpen_; }
+    void update(uint32_t nowMs) override;
+    void draw(Canvas& c) override;
+
+   private:
+    struct Visit {
+        std::string url;
+        int topRow;
+    };
+
+    void navigate(const std::string& url, bool remember = true, bool preferSaved = false);
+    void follow(const std::string& link);
+    std::string titleOf() const;
+    bool isSaved() const { return !page_.savedFrom.empty(); }
+    std::string savedPathOf() const { return page_.url.substr(7); }  // file://…
+    void show(GeminiPage&& page);
+    void analyse();  // types and links of the lines in memory
+    void applyWindow(GeminiPage&& window);
+    void requestWindow(size_t firstLine);
+    size_t topLine() const;  // the source line (in the whole page) at the top of the screen
+    bool moreBelow() const { return page_.windowed && page_.windowStart + page_.text.lineCount() < page_.totalLines; }
+    bool moreAbove() const { return page_.windowed && page_.windowStart > 0; }
+    void showMessage(const std::string& url, const std::string& gemtext);
+    void layout(Canvas& c);
+    void drawLine(Canvas& c, size_t index, int firstRow, int y, int rows);
+    std::vector<std::string> rowsOf(Canvas& c, size_t index) const;
+    gemini::GemLine lineAt(size_t index) const;
+    int rowsOnScreen() const;
+    void selectLink(int direction);
+    void scrollTo(int row);
+
+    GeminiService& gemini_;
+    GeminiPage page_;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> types_;      // per source line: gemini::LineType
+    std::vector<uint32_t> firstRow_;  // per source line, plus the total at the end
+    std::vector<uint32_t> links_;     // source lines that are links
+    bool layoutDirty_ = true;
+    int topRow_ = 0, hscroll_ = 0;
+    int selected_ = -1;  // into links_
+    int restoreRow_ = -1;  // going back: where that page was scrolled to, applied after layout
+    bool windowLoading_ = false;
+    long keepLine_ = -1;   // a new window: the source line to keep at the top, applied after layout
+    std::vector<Visit> history_;
+    bool loading_ = false;
+    std::string loadingUrl_, status_;
+    uint32_t statusMs_ = 0;
+    bool addressOpen_ = false;
+    LineEditor address_{1024};
+    std::unique_ptr<DialogModel> certDialog_;
+    GeminiPage pendingCert_;
+    std::unique_ptr<DialogModel> deleteDialog_;
+    bool inputOpen_ = false, inputSensitive_ = false;
+    std::string inputPrompt_, inputUrl_;
+    LineEditor input_{1024};
+    std::string reopen_;  // after a refresh: the Saved Page to show again
+};
+
+}  // namespace roro
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+#include "gnss_app.h"
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#include "geo_format.h"
+#include "ui/canvas.h"
+#include "ui/fonts.h"
+#include "ui/theme.h"
+
+namespace roro {
+
+using namespace gnss;
+
+namespace {
+
+// One colour per constellation, readable in the 8-bit frame buffer.
+uint16_t colorOf(Constellation c) {
+    switch (c) {
+        case Constellation::Gps: return theme::kAccent;
+        case Constellation::Glonass: return 0xF8C8;  // red
+        case Constellation::Galileo: return theme::kMessage;
+        case Constellation::BeiDou: return 0xFEA0;   // yellow
+        case Constellation::Qzss: return 0xC99F;     // violet
+        default: return theme::kText;
+    }
+}
+
+const char* fixLabel(FixType f) { return f == FixType::ThreeD ? "3D Fix" : f == FixType::TwoD ? "2D Fix" : "No Fix"; }
+
+std::string duration(uint32_t ms) {
+    uint32_t s = ms / 1000;
+    char buf[24];
+    if (s < 60) std::snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%lu s", (unsigned long)s);
+    else std::snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%lu min %02lu s", (unsigned long)(s / 60), (unsigned long)(s % 60));
+    return buf;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool GnssApp::onKey(const KeyEvent& e) {
+    if (e.key == Key::Tab) {
+        sky_ = !sky_;
+        requestRedraw();
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (e.key == Key::Char && (e.ch == 'r' || e.ch == 'R')) {  // record a Track, or stop it
+        if (gnss_.tracking()) gnss_.stopTrack();
+        else {
+            refusal_ = gnss_.startTrack(millis());
+            refusalMs_ = millis();
+        }
+        requestRedraw();
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;  // Back leaves the App
+}
+
+void GnssApp::update(uint32_t nowMs) {
+    if (nowMs - lastDrawMs_ >= 1000) {  // the receiver reports once a second
+        lastDrawMs_ = nowMs;
+        requestRedraw();
+    }
+}
+
+void GnssApp::draw(Canvas& c) {
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
+    if (!gnss_.on()) {
+        c.setFont(&fonts::bold);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kText);
+        bool held = gnss_.heldForLora();
+        c.drawString(held ? "GNSS is paused" : "GNSS is off", 4, area.y + 4);
+        c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+        c.drawString(held ? "The LoRa radio is listening, and" : "Settings > GNSS turns it on.", 4, area.y + 22);
+        if (held) c.drawString("Settings pauses GNSS for it.", 4, area.y + 22 + theme::kLineHeight);
+        return;
+    }
+    sky_ ? drawSky(c) : drawPosition(c);
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+    c.setTextDatum(top_right);
+    c.drawString(sky_ ? "Tab: position" : "Tab: sky", area.w - 3, area.y + area.h - 9);
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+}
+
+void GnssApp::drawPosition(Canvas& c) {
+    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
+    const GnssState& s = gnss_.state();
+    uint32_t now = millis();
+    int used = 0;
+    for (auto& sat : s.satellites) used += sat.used;
+    char line[64];
+
+    c.setFont(&fonts::bold);
+    c.setTextColor(s.fix == FixType::None ? theme::kWarning : theme::kMessage);
+    if (!gnss_.receiving(now)) std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "No data from the receiver");
+    else if (s.fix == FixType::None)
+        std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "Searching: %u in view, %s", (unsigned)s.satellites.size(),
+                      duration(now - gnss_.onSinceMs()).c_str());
+    else std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%s, %d of %u satellites", fixLabel(s.fix), s.satellitesUsed,
+                       (unsigned)s.satellites.size());
+    c.drawString(line, 4, area.y + 2);
+
+    c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+    int y = area.y + 19;
+    auto row = [&](const char* label, const std::string& value) {
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+        c.drawString(label, 4, y);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kText);
+        c.drawString(value.c_str(), 64, y);
+        y += theme::kLineHeight;
+    };
+    bool dms = settings_.getBool(Setting::CoordinatesDms);
+    if (s.positionValid) {
+        row("Lat", dms ? formatDms(s.latitude, true) : formatDecimal(s.latitude, true));
+        row("Lon", dms ? formatDms(s.longitude, false) : formatDecimal(s.longitude, false));
+        row("Locator", maidenhead(s.latitude, s.longitude));
+        std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, s.altitudeValid ? "%.0f m" : "-", s.altitudeM);
+        row("Altitude", line);
+        if (s.courseValid && s.speedKmh >= 1.0f)
+            std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%.1f km/h, %.0f\xC2\xB0", s.speedKmh, s.courseDeg);
+        else std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%.1f km/h", s.speedKmh);
+        row("Speed", line);
+    } else {
+        row("Lat", "-");
+        row("Lon", "-");
+        y += theme::kLineHeight * 3;
+    }
+    std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%.1f", s.hdop);
+    row("HDOP", s.fix == FixType::None ? "-" : line);
+    if (s.timeValid) std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%02d:%02d:%02d UTC", s.hour, s.minute, s.second);
+    row("Time", s.timeValid ? line : "-");
+
+    // The Track line, at the bottom left.
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    if (gnss_.tracking()) {
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kWarning);
+        std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "REC %d point%s, %s  r: stop", gnss_.trackPoints(),
+                      gnss_.trackPoints() == 1 ? "" : "s", duration(now - gnss_.trackStartMs()).c_str());
+    } else if (!refusal_.empty() && now - refusalMs_ < 4000) {
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kWarning);
+        std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%s", refusal_.c_str());
+    } else {
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+        std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "r: record a Track");
+    }
+    c.drawString(line, 4, area.y + area.h - 9);
+}
+
+void GnssApp::drawSky(Canvas& c) {
+    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
+    const GnssState& s = gnss_.state();
+    const int radius = (area.h - 6) / 2, cx = 4 + radius, cy = area.y + area.h / 2;
+
+    // The sky from above: horizon, 30° and 60° elevation rings, north up.
+    c.drawCircle(cx, cy, radius, theme::kMuted);
+    c.drawCircle(cx, cy, radius * 2 / 3, 0x4208);
+    c.drawCircle(cx, cy, radius / 3, 0x4208);
+    c.drawFastHLine(cx - radius, cy, 2 * radius, 0x4208);
+    c.drawFastVLine(cx, cy - radius, 2 * radius, 0x4208);
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+    c.setTextDatum(middle_center);
+    auto compass = [&](const char* letter, int x, int y) {
+        c.fillRect(x - 3, y - 4, 7, 9, theme::kBackground);  // off the lines, so it reads
+        c.drawString(letter, x, y);
+    };
+    compass("N", cx, cy - radius + 5);
+    compass("S", cx, cy + radius - 4);
+    compass("E", cx + radius - 4, cy);
+    compass("W", cx - radius + 4, cy);
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+
+    int inView[8] = {}, usedBy[8] = {};
+    for (auto& sat : s.satellites) {
+        int k = static_cast<int>(sat.system);
+        inView[k]++;
+        usedBy[k] += sat.used;
+        SkyPoint p = skyPosition(sat.azimuth, sat.elevation, cx, cy, radius - 3);
+        uint16_t color = colorOf(sat.system);
+        if (sat.used) c.fillCircle(p.x, p.y, 3, color);
+        else c.drawCircle(p.x, p.y, 3, sat.snr < 0 ? theme::kMuted : color);
+    }
+
+    // Legend: used / in view per constellation, then the Fix.
+    int x = cx + radius + 12, y = area.y + 4;
+    c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+    for (int k = 1; k < 7; k++) {
+        if (!inView[k]) continue;
+        auto system = static_cast<Constellation>(k);
+        c.fillCircle(x + 3, y + 6, 3, colorOf(system));
+        char line[32];
+        std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%-8s%d/%d", constellationName(system), usedBy[k], inView[k]);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kText);
+        c.drawString(line, x + 10, y);
+        y += theme::kLineHeight;
+    }
+    if (s.satellites.empty()) {
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+        c.drawString("No satellites", x, y);
+        y += theme::kLineHeight;
+    }
+    c.setTextColor(s.fix == FixType::None ? theme::kWarning : theme::kMessage);
+    c.drawString(fixLabel(s.fix), x, y + 4);
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+    c.drawString("filled: in use", x, area.y + area.h - 20);
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "app.h"
+#include "services/gnss_service.h"
+#include "settings.h"
+
+namespace roro {
+
+// GNSS (see docs/milestones/M2.md, Q59): the Position view, and the Sky view with every satellite
+// in view placed by direction and elevation. Tab switches between them.
+class GnssApp : public App {
+   public:
+    GnssApp(GnssService& gnss, const Settings& settings) : gnss_(gnss), settings_(settings) {}
+    void onEnter() override { requestRedraw(); }
+    bool onKey(const KeyEvent& e) override;
+    void update(uint32_t nowMs) override;
+    void draw(Canvas& c) override;
+
+   private:
+    void drawPosition(Canvas& c);
+    void drawSky(Canvas& c);
+
+    GnssService& gnss_;
+    const Settings& settings_;
+    bool sky_ = false;
+    uint32_t lastDrawMs_ = 0;
+    std::string refusal_;  // why a Track couldn't start, shown for a few seconds
+    uint32_t refusalMs_ = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace roro
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ std::string lowered(std::string s) {
 void IrcApp::onEnter() {
    page_ = Page::Chat;
    editing_ = false;
-    irc_.connect();
+    if (!irc_.stoppedByUser()) irc_.connect();  // stopped by hand: stay stopped, typing reconnects
    view(current_);
 }

@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+#include "lora_scanner_app.h"
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <ctime>
+
+#include "meshtastic_presets.h"
+#include "packet_view.h"
+#include "sweep_view.h"
+#include "ui/canvas.h"
+#include "ui/fonts.h"
+#include "ui/widgets.h"
+
+namespace roro {
+
+namespace {
+constexpr uint32_t kMessageMs = 4000;
+}
+
+void LoraScannerApp::onEnter() {
+    int i = std::clamp<int>(settings_.getInt(Setting::LoraPreset), 0, meshtastic::kEu868PresetCount - 1);
+    const meshtastic::Preset& p = meshtastic::kEu868Presets[i];
+    if (std::string(radio_.config().name) != p.name) radio_.setPreset(p);
+    radio_.listen(RadioService::App, true);
+    view_ = View::Packets;
+    selectedSeq_ = 0;
+    followNewest_ = true;
+    shownSeq_ = 0;
+    requestRedraw();
+}
+
+void LoraScannerApp::onExit() {
+    showSweep(false);
+    radio_.listen(RadioService::App, false);
+}
+
+void LoraScannerApp::showSweep(bool on) {
+    if (on == (view_ == View::Sweep)) return;
+    radio_.sweep(on);
+    view_ = on ? View::Sweep : View::Packets;
+    peak_.clear();
+    std::vector<int8_t>().swap(waterfall_);  // its memory only while shown
+    sweepSteps_ = 0;
+    shownSweep_ = radio_.sweeps();
+    requestRedraw();
+}
+
+bool LoraScannerApp::meshtasticSettings() const { return radio_.config().syncWord == meshtastic::kSyncWord; }
+
+void LoraScannerApp::say(const std::string& text) {
+    message_ = text;
+    messageMs_ = millis();
+    requestRedraw();
+}
+
+bool LoraScannerApp::onKey(const KeyEvent& e) {
+    if (e.key == Key::Tab && (view_ == View::Packets || view_ == View::Sweep)) {
+        showSweep(view_ == View::Packets);
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (view_ == View::Sweep) {
+        if (e.key == Key::Back) {
+            showSweep(false);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return e.key != Key::Home;  // everything else stays here
+    }
+    if (view_ == View::Details) {
+        int last = std::max<int>(0, static_cast<int>(details_.size()) - 8);
+        if (e.key == Key::Up) detailsTop_ = std::max(0, detailsTop_ - 1);
+        else if (e.key == Key::Down) detailsTop_ = std::min(last, detailsTop_ + 1);
+        else if (e.key == Key::Back || e.key == Key::Select) view_ = View::Packets;
+        else return true;
+        requestRedraw();
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (view_ == View::Presets) {
+        if (e.key == Key::Up) presets_.up();
+        else if (e.key == Key::Down) presets_.down();
+        else if (e.key == Key::Select) {
+            int i = presets_.selected();
+            settings_.setInt(Setting::LoraPreset, i);
+            radio_.setPreset(meshtastic::kEu868Presets[i]);
+            say(std::string("Listening on ") + meshtastic::kEu868Presets[i].name);
+            view_ = View::Packets;
+        } else if (e.key == Key::Back) view_ = View::Packets;
+        else return true;
+        requestRedraw();
+        return true;
+    }
+    // The packet list.
+    if (e.key == Key::Up || e.key == Key::Down) {
+        e.key == Key::Up ? packets_.up() : packets_.down();
+        selectedSeq_ = packets_.selected() >= 0 ? radio_.received() - packets_.selected() : 0;
+        followNewest_ = packets_.selected() <= 0;
+        requestRedraw();
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (e.key == Key::Select) {
+        openDetails();
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (e.key == Key::Char && (e.ch == 'p' || e.ch == 'P')) {
+        presets_.setCount(meshtastic::kEu868PresetCount);
+        presets_.select(settings_.getInt(Setting::LoraPreset));
+        view_ = View::Presets;
+        requestRedraw();
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (e.key == Key::Char && (e.ch == 'c' || e.ch == 'C')) {
+        if (capture_.capturing()) capture_.stop();
+        else {
+            std::string why = capture_.start(millis());
+            if (!why.empty()) say(why);
+        }
+        requestRedraw();
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;  // Back leaves the App
+}
+
+void LoraScannerApp::openDetails() {
+    RadioPacket p;
+    if (!selectedSeq_ || !radio_.packet(selectedSeq_, p)) return say("That packet has left the list");
+    details_.clear();
+    char line[64];
+    std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%s, %u bytes%s", timeOf(p).c_str(), p.len, p.crcOk ? "" : ", bad CRC");
+    details_.push_back(line);
+    std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%.0f dBm, SNR %.1f dB, noise %.0f", p.rx.rssi, p.rx.snr, p.rx.noiseFloor);
+    details_.push_back(line);
+    std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%.4f MHz, off by %.0f Hz", p.rx.frequencyHz / 1e6, p.frequencyError);
+    details_.push_back(line);
+    if (meshtasticSettings())
+        for (auto& l : lora::headerLines(p.data, p.len)) details_.push_back(l);
+    for (auto& l : lora::hexDump(p.data, p.len)) details_.push_back(l);
+    detailsTop_ = 0;
+    view_ = View::Details;
+    requestRedraw();
+}
+
+std::string LoraScannerApp::timeOf(const RadioPacket& p) const {
+    int64_t now = clock_.utcNow();
+    if (now < 0) {  // no Clock yet: how long ago
+        char ago[16];
+        std::snprintf(ago, sizeof ago, "-%lus", (unsigned long)((millis() - p.ms) / 1000));
+        return ago;
+    }
+    time_t t = static_cast<time_t>(now - static_cast<int64_t>((millis() - p.ms) / 1000));
+    struct tm local;
+    localtime_r(&t, &local);
+    char buf[12];
+    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%02d:%02d:%02d", local.tm_hour, local.tm_min, local.tm_sec);
+    return buf;
+}
+
+void LoraScannerApp::update(uint32_t nowMs) {
+    if (view_ == View::Sweep) {
+        if (radio_.sweeps() != shownSweep_) requestRedraw();
+        return;
+    }
+    if (radio_.received() != shownSeq_ || nowMs - lastDrawMs_ >= 1000 ||
+        (!message_.empty() && nowMs - messageMs_ >= kMessageMs))
+        requestRedraw();
+}
+
+void LoraScannerApp::draw(Canvas& c) {
+    lastDrawMs_ = millis();
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+    if (!radio_.present()) {
+        c.setFont(&fonts::bold);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kWarning);
+        c.drawString("No LoRa radio found", 4, theme::kContent.y + 4);
+        c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+        c.drawString("Is the Cap LoRa-1262 attached?", 4, theme::kContent.y + 22);
+        return;
+    }
+    switch (view_) {
+        case View::Packets: drawPackets(c); break;
+        case View::Details: drawDetails(c); break;
+        case View::Presets: drawPresets(c); break;
+        case View::Sweep: drawSweep(c); break;
+    }
+}
+
+void LoraScannerApp::drawPackets(Canvas& c) {
+    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
+    RadioService::Config cfg = radio_.config();
+    uint32_t newest = radio_.received();
+    shownSeq_ = newest;
+
+    // What it's listening to, and the noise floor.
+    char head[64];
+    std::snprintf(head, sizeof head, "%s %.3f MHz, noise %.0f", cfg.name, cfg.frequencyHz / 1e6, radio_.noiseFloor());
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    c.setTextColor(radio_.listening() ? theme::kMuted : theme::kWarning);
+    c.drawString(radio_.listening() ? head : "Starting the radio...", 4, area.y + 2);
+    if (capture_.capturing()) {
+        c.setTextDatum(top_right);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kWarning);
+        c.drawString(("CAP " + std::to_string(capture_.packets())).c_str(), area.w - 3, area.y + 2);
+        c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+    }
+
+    // The list, newest first; the selection stays on its packet as new ones arrive.
+    int count = static_cast<int>(radio_.available());
+    packets_.setCount(count);
+    if (!followNewest_ && selectedSeq_ && newest >= selectedSeq_ && newest - selectedSeq_ < static_cast<uint32_t>(count))
+        packets_.select(static_cast<int>(newest - selectedSeq_));
+    else if (count > 0) {
+        followNewest_ = true;
+        packets_.select(0);
+        selectedSeq_ = newest;
+    }
+    theme::Rect list{area.x, area.y + 12, area.w, kListRows * theme::kLineHeight};
+    if (count == 0) {
+        c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+        c.drawString("No packets yet.", 4, list.y + 4);
+        c.drawString(meshtasticSettings() ? "Meshtastic nodes in range show here." : "Custom settings.", 4,
+                     list.y + 4 + theme::kLineHeight);
+    } else {
+        bool mesh = meshtasticSettings();
+        widgets::list(c, packets_, list, [&](int i) {
+            RadioPacket p;
+            if (!radio_.packet(newest - i, p)) return std::string("(gone)");
+            return lora::row({p.data, p.len, p.rx.rssi, p.rx.snr, p.crcOk, mesh}, timeOf(p));
+        });
+    }
+
+    // Footer: a message for a few seconds, or the keys.
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    bool showMessage = !message_.empty() && millis() - messageMs_ < kMessageMs;
+    c.setTextColor(showMessage ? theme::kWarning : theme::kMuted);
+    std::string keys = std::string("Enter: details  p: preset  Tab: sweep  c: ") + (capture_.capturing() ? "stop" : "capture");
+    c.drawString(showMessage ? message_.c_str() : keys.c_str(), 4, area.y + area.h - 9);
+}
+
+void LoraScannerApp::drawDetails(Canvas& c) {
+    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
+    widgets::textLines(c, details_, detailsTop_, {area.x + 2, area.y + 2, area.w - 2, area.h - 2});
+}
+
+void LoraScannerApp::drawPresets(Canvas& c) {
+    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+    c.drawString("Meshtastic presets allowed in EU868", 4, area.y + 2);
+    widgets::list(
+        c, presets_, {area.x, area.y + 12, area.w, (kListRows + 1) * theme::kLineHeight},
+        [](int i) { return std::string(meshtastic::kEu868Presets[i].name); },
+        [](int i) {
+            char v[24];
+            const auto& p = meshtastic::kEu868Presets[i];
+            std::snprintf(v, sizeof v, "SF%u %.0fk %.3f", p.sf, p.bwKHz, meshtastic::eu868FrequencyHz(p) / 1e6);
+            return std::string(v);
+        });
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro
+
+namespace roro {
+
+// Sweep (Q98): bars of the latest pass with peak hold, the waterfall underneath (newest at the
+// top), and where the Sniffer's preset sits in the band.
+void LoraScannerApp::drawSweep(Canvas& c) {
+    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
+    constexpr int kLow = -120, kHigh = -60;  // the scale, dBm: about the chip's floor to a near signal
+    SweepFrame f;
+    bool have = radio_.sweepFrame(f) && f.seq != 0;
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+    c.drawString("Sweep, the Sniffer is paused", 4, area.y + 2);
+    if (!have) {
+        c.drawString("Measuring...", 4, area.y + 20);
+        return;
+    }
+    // Keep peak hold and the waterfall for this band.
+    if (f.steps != sweepSteps_) {
+        sweepSteps_ = f.steps;
+        peak_.assign(f.steps, -127);
+        waterfall_.assign(static_cast<size_t>(kWaterfallRows) * f.steps, -127);
+    }
+    if (f.seq != shownSweep_) {
+        shownSweep_ = f.seq;
+        for (uint16_t i = 0; i < f.steps; ++i) peak_[i] = std::max(peak_[i], f.dbm[i]);
+        std::copy_backward(waterfall_.begin(), waterfall_.end() - f.steps, waterfall_.end());
+        std::copy(f.dbm, f.dbm + f.steps, waterfall_.begin());
+    }
+
+    // Layout: up to 3 px a step, left-aligned after the scale.
+    int x0 = 26, cell = std::max(1, std::min(3, (area.w - x0 - 2) / std::max<int>(1, f.steps)));
+    int barTop = area.y + 12, barH = 46, barBottom = barTop + barH;
+    auto height = [&](int dbm) { return std::clamp((dbm - kLow) * barH / (kHigh - kLow), 0, barH); };
+    c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+    c.drawString("-60", 2, barTop - 1);
+    c.drawString("-120", 0, barBottom - 7);
+    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < f.steps; ++i) {
+        int x = x0 + i * cell, h = height(f.dbm[i]);
+        if (h > 0) c.fillRect(x, barBottom - h, std::max(1, cell - 1), h, theme::kAccent);
+        int ph = height(peak_[i]);
+        if (ph > 0) c.drawFastHLine(x, barBottom - ph, std::max(1, cell - 1), theme::kText);
+    }
+    // The Sniffer's frequency, when it's in the band.
+    uint32_t hz = radio_.config().frequencyHz;
+    if (hz >= f.fromHz && hz <= f.fromHz + (f.steps - 1) * f.stepHz) {
+        int x = x0 + static_cast<int>((hz - f.fromHz) / f.stepHz) * cell + cell / 2;
+        for (int y = barTop; y < barBottom; y += 3) c.drawPixel(x, y, theme::kMessage);
+    }
+
+    // The waterfall.
+    int wfTop = barBottom + 2;
+    for (int r = 0; r < kWaterfallRows; ++r)
+        for (uint16_t i = 0; i < f.steps; ++i) {
+            int8_t v = waterfall_[static_cast<size_t>(r) * f.steps + i];
+            if (v > -127) c.fillRect(x0 + i * cell, wfTop + r, cell, 1, lora::heatColor(lora::heatLevel(v, kLow, kHigh)));
+        }
+
+    // The band's edges, its floor and its strongest signal.
+    lora::SweepStats st = lora::summarize(f.dbm, f.steps, f.fromHz, f.stepHz);
+    char line[64];
+    int y = area.y + area.h - 9;
+    std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%.1f", f.fromHz / 1e6);
+    c.drawString(line, x0, wfTop + kWaterfallRows + 1);
+    std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%.1f MHz", (f.fromHz + (f.steps - 1) * f.stepHz) / 1e6);
+    c.setTextDatum(top_right);
+    c.drawString(line, x0 + f.steps * cell, wfTop + kWaterfallRows + 1);
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+    if (st.peaks.empty())
+        std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "floor %d dBm, nothing above it   Tab: sniffer", st.floor);
+    else
+        std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "floor %d, %.1f MHz at %d dBm   Tab: sniffer", st.floor, st.peaks[0].hz / 1e6,
+                      st.peaks[0].dbm);
+    c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+    c.drawString(line, 4, y);
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "app.h"
+#include "list_model.h"
+#include "services/clock_service.h"
+#include "services/lora_capture_service.h"
+#include "services/radio_service.h"
+#include "settings.h"
+#include "ui/theme.h"
+
+namespace roro {
+
+// The LoRa Scanner (docs/milestones/M3.md). Sniffer: the packets the radio hears, newest first,
+// with the Meshtastic header read (Q96) and a hex dump on Enter; p picks the preset (Q95), c starts
+// or stops a Capture (Q97). The radio listens while the App is open (Q100). Tab: Sweep, the band's
+// RSSI as bars with peak hold and a waterfall (Q98); it pauses the Sniffer while shown (Q99).
+class LoraScannerApp : public App {
+   public:
+    LoraScannerApp(RadioService& radio, LoraCaptureService& capture, Settings& settings, ClockService& clock)
+        : radio_(radio), capture_(capture), settings_(settings), clock_(clock) {}
+    void onEnter() override;
+    void onExit() override;
+    bool onKey(const KeyEvent& e) override;
+    void update(uint32_t nowMs) override;
+    void draw(Canvas& c) override;
+
+   private:
+    enum class View { Packets, Details, Presets, Sweep };
+    static constexpr int kListRows = 7;
+
+    void drawPackets(Canvas& c);
+    void drawDetails(Canvas& c);
+    void drawPresets(Canvas& c);
+    void drawSweep(Canvas& c);
+    void showSweep(bool on);
+    void openDetails();
+    std::string timeOf(const RadioPacket& p) const;
+    bool meshtasticSettings() const;
+    void say(const std::string& text);  // a line in the footer for a few seconds
+
+    RadioService& radio_;
+    LoraCaptureService& capture_;
+    Settings& settings_;
+    ClockService& clock_;
+    View view_ = View::Packets;
+    ListModel packets_{kListRows};
+    ListModel presets_{kListRows + 1};
+    uint32_t shownSeq_ = 0;     // the newest packet at the last redraw
+    uint32_t selectedSeq_ = 0;  // what the selection points at, kept as packets arrive
+    bool followNewest_ = true;  // until the user moves the selection off the top
+    std::vector<std::string> details_;
+    int detailsTop_ = 0;
+    uint32_t lastDrawMs_ = 0;
+    std::string message_;
+    uint32_t messageMs_ = 0;
+    // Sweep, only while shown: peak hold per step, and the waterfall, newest row first.
+    static constexpr int kWaterfallRows = 36;
+    uint32_t shownSweep_ = 0;
+    std::vector<int8_t> peak_;
+    std::vector<int8_t> waterfall_;  // kWaterfallRows x steps
+    uint16_t sweepSteps_ = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace roro
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "storage_page.h"
+#include "maintenance_page.h"

 #include "ui/widgets.h"

@@ -9,25 +9,25 @@ constexpr int kAges = sizeof(kCleanupAgeLabels) / sizeof(kCleanupAgeLabels[0]);
 constexpr int kCategories = sizeof(kCleanupCategories) / sizeof(kCleanupCategories[0]);
 }  // namespace

-void StoragePage::enter() {
+void MaintenancePage::enter() {
    view_ = View::Main;
    dialog_.reset();
    main_.setCount(kRows);
    main_.select(kCleanUp);
 }

-void StoragePage::warn(const char* text) {
+void MaintenancePage::warn(const char* text) {
    bus_.publish(Event::withText(EventType::Notification, text, static_cast<int32_t>(NotificationLevel::Warning)));
 }

-uint64_t StoragePage::categoryBytes(int category) const {
+uint64_t MaintenancePage::categoryBytes(int category) const {
    uint64_t sum = 0;
    if (category < static_cast<int>(listing_.size()))
        for (auto& f : listing_[category]) sum += f.bytes;
    return sum;
 }

-CleanupPlan StoragePage::planFor(int age) const {
+CleanupPlan MaintenancePage::planFor(int age) const {
    int today = clock_.today();
    auto cutoff = static_cast<CleanupAge>(age);
    // Without a clock only "Everything" can be judged.
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ CleanupPlan StoragePage::planFor(int age) const {
    return CleanupPlan::make(listing_[categories_.selected()], cutoff, today);
 }

-bool StoragePage::onKey(const KeyEvent& e) {
+bool MaintenancePage::onKey(const KeyEvent& e) {
    if (dialog_) {
        dialog_->onKey(e);
        int result = dialog_->result();
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ bool StoragePage::onKey(const KeyEvent& e) {
    return true;
 }

-void StoragePage::draw(Canvas& c) {
+void MaintenancePage::draw(Canvas& c) {
    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
    if (!haveListing_ && storage_.listingReady()) {
        listing_ = storage_.listing();
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@

 namespace roro {

-// Settings → Storage: card usage, Storage Clean-up (category → age → confirm) and erasing the card.
-class StoragePage {
+// Storage → Maintenance: card usage, Storage Clean-up (category → age → confirm) and erasing the card.
+class MaintenancePage {
   public:
-    StoragePage(StorageService& storage, ClockService& clock, EventBus& bus)
+    MaintenancePage(StorageService& storage, ClockService& clock, EventBus& bus)
        : storage_(storage), clock_(clock), bus_(bus) {}

    void enter();
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+#include "note_editor.h"
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <SD.h>
+
+#include <ctime>
+
+#include "cleanup_plan.h"
+#include "file_list.h"
+#include "file_names.h"
+#include "ui/fonts.h"
+#include "ui/theme.h"
+#include "ui/widgets.h"
+
+namespace roro {
+
+using notes::NoteText;
+
+namespace {
+constexpr uint32_t kMessageMs = 4000;
+
+// One block the size of a full note, and something left: without it, nothing is opened. Free
+// memory in total isn't the measure: with IRC connected the largest free block is about 31 KB.
+constexpr size_t kRoomWanted = NoteText::kMaxBytes + 8 * 1024;
+const char* const kNoRoom = "Not enough memory to edit: close IRC or a Gemini page";
+
+// On the storage task. Reads a file of up to `limit` bytes into a string that has that capacity
+// already; false if it can't be read whole.
+bool readWhole(const std::string& path, std::string& into, size_t limit) {
+    File f = SD.open(path.c_str(), FILE_READ);
+    if (!f) return false;
+    size_t size = f.size();
+    if (size > limit) {
+        f.close();
+        return false;
+    }
+    into.resize(size);
+    size_t got = size ? f.read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&into[0]), size) : 0;
+    f.close();
+    return got == size;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+void NoteEditor::say(const std::string& text) {
+    message_ = text;
+    messageMs_ = millis();
+    redraw_ = true;
+}
+
+std::string NoteEditor::open(const std::string& path) {
+    close();
+    if (ESP.getMaxAllocHeap() < kRoomWanted) return kNoRoom;
+    std::string body, left, why;
+    body.reserve(NoteText::kMaxBytes);  // the note's own buffer from here on: read into, then handed over
+    bool ran = storage_.runAndWait([&]() {
+        File f = SD.open(path.c_str(), FILE_READ);
+        if (!f) {
+            why = "The card refused to open it";
+            return;
+        }
+        size_t size = f.size();
+        f.close();
+        if (size > NoteText::kMaxBytes) why = "Too big to edit: 16 KB at most";
+        else if (!readWhole(path, body, NoteText::kMaxBytes)) why = "The card refused to read it";
+        if (!why.empty()) return;
+        // A save that never finished: its temporary file is offered back (Q143), if there's the
+        // memory to look at it now. If not, it stays for the next time.
+        std::string tmp = path + ".tmp";
+        File t = SD.open(tmp.c_str(), FILE_READ);
+        if (!t) return;
+        size_t tmpSize = t.size();
+        t.close();
+        if (tmpSize > 0 && tmpSize <= NoteText::kMaxBytes && ESP.getMaxAllocHeap() < tmpSize + 8 * 1024) return;
+        left.reserve(tmpSize <= NoteText::kMaxBytes ? tmpSize : 0);
+        if (!readWhole(tmp, left, NoteText::kMaxBytes) || left == body || left.empty()) {
+            std::string().swap(left);
+            SD.remove(tmp.c_str());
+        }
+    });
+    if (!ran) return "No SD card";
+    if (!why.empty()) return why;
+    text_.reset(new NoteText(kCols, kRows, std::move(body)));
+    path_ = path;
+    folder_ = files::parentOf(path);
+    savedRevision_ = text_->revision();
+    problem_.clear();
+    message_.clear();
+    lastKeyMs_ = millis();
+    if (!left.empty()) {
+        recovered_ = std::move(left);
+        ask_ = Ask::Recover;
+        dialog_.reset(new DialogModel({"Keep the note", "Use the copy"}));
+    }
+    return "";
+}
+
+std::string NoteEditor::openNew(const std::string& folder) {
+    close();
+    if (ESP.getMaxAllocHeap() < kRoomWanted) return kNoRoom;
+    text_.reset(new NoteText(kCols, kRows));
+    path_.clear();
+    folder_ = folder;
+    savedRevision_ = text_->revision();
+    problem_.clear();
+    message_.clear();
+    lastKeyMs_ = millis();
+    return "";
+}
+
+void NoteEditor::close() {
+    if (dirty()) save();
+    text_.reset();
+    dialog_.reset();
+    ask_ = Ask::None;
+    std::string().swap(recovered_);
+}
+
+// On the main loop, waiting for the storage task: no second copy of the note is made, and at
+// 16 KB the wait is a fraction of a second, when nobody has typed for five.
+bool NoteEditor::save() {
+    if (!text_) return true;
+    lastTryMs_ = millis();
+    const std::string& body = text_->text();
+    if (path_.empty() && body.empty()) {  // a new note nothing was typed in: no file
+        savedRevision_ = text_->revision();
+        return true;
+    }
+    std::string path = path_, why;
+    if (path.empty()) {
+        char stamp[20] = "new";
+        int64_t now = clock_.utcNow();
+        if (now >= 0) {
+            time_t t = static_cast<time_t>(now);
+            struct tm local;
+            localtime_r(&t, &local);
+            std::snprintf(stamp, sizeof stamp, "%04d%02d%02d-%02d%02d", local.tm_year + 1900, local.tm_mon + 1, local.tm_mday, local.tm_hour,
+                          local.tm_min);
+        }
+        path = files::joinPath(folder_, notes::nameFromFirstLine(text_->firstLine(), stamp) + ".txt");
+    }
+    bool fresh = path_.empty();
+    bool ran = storage_.runAndWait([&]() {
+        if (!SD.exists(folder_.c_str()) && !SD.mkdir(folder_.c_str())) {
+            why = "the card refused to make " + folder_;
+            return;
+        }
+        if (fresh) {  // a name nothing has yet: "list (2).txt"
+            std::string name = files::baseName(path);
+            for (int n = 2; n < 100 && SD.exists(path.c_str()); n++) path = files::joinPath(folder_, files::copyName(name, n));
+        }
+        std::string tmp = path + ".tmp";
+        File f = SD.open(tmp.c_str(), FILE_WRITE);
+        if (!f) {
+            why = "the card refused to open a file";
+            return;
+        }
+        size_t wrote = body.empty() ? 0 : f.write(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(body.data()), body.size());
+        f.close();
+        File check = SD.open(tmp.c_str(), FILE_READ);
+        bool whole = wrote == body.size() && check && check.size() == body.size();
+        if (check) check.close();
+        if (!whole) {
+            SD.remove(tmp.c_str());
+            why = "the card refused a write";
+            return;
+        }
+        // FAT can't rename onto a file. Between these two lines only the temporary file exists:
+        // the Notes list puts such a file back under its name.
+        if (SD.exists(path.c_str())) SD.remove(path.c_str());
+        if (!SD.rename(tmp.c_str(), path.c_str())) why = "the card refused to rename the file";
+    });
+    if (!ran) why = "no SD card";
+    if (!why.empty()) {
+        if (problem_ != why) say("Not saved: " + why);
+        problem_ = why;
+        return false;
+    }
+    path_ = path;
+    problem_.clear();
+    savedRevision_ = text_->revision();
+    redraw_ = true;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool NoteEditor::onKey(const KeyEvent& e) {
+    if (!text_) return false;
+    redraw_ = true;
+    if (dialog_) {
+        dialog_->onKey(e);
+        int result = dialog_->result();
+        if (result == DialogModel::kPending) return true;
+        Ask asked = ask_;
+        ask_ = Ask::None;
+        dialog_.reset();
+        if (asked == Ask::Recover) {
+            if (result == 1) {
+                if (text_->setText(recovered_)) say("The unsaved copy is back");  // different from the card: saved in five seconds
+                else say("That copy is too big to edit");
+            } else {
+                std::string tmp = path_ + ".tmp";
+                storage_.runJob([tmp]() { SD.remove(tmp.c_str()); });
+            }
+            std::string().swap(recovered_);
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (asked == Ask::LeaveUnsaved && result == 1) {
+            savedRevision_ = text_->revision();  // given up on
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    lastKeyMs_ = millis();
+    bool page = e.shift || e.alt;
+    switch (e.key) {
+        case Key::Char: {
+            uint32_t lower = e.ch >= 'A' && e.ch <= 'Z' ? e.ch + 32 : e.ch;
+            if (e.ctrl) {
+                if (lower == 'a') text_->lineStart();
+                else if (lower == 'e') text_->lineEnd();
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!text_->insert(e.ch)) say("This note is full: 16 KB");
+            break;
+        }
+        case Key::Select:
+            if (!text_->insert('\n')) say("This note is full: 16 KB");
+            break;
+        case Key::Tab:
+            if (!text_->insertText("  ")) say("This note is full: 16 KB");
+            break;
+        case Key::Delete: text_->backspace(); break;
+        case Key::Left: text_->left(); break;
+        case Key::Right: text_->right(); break;
+        case Key::Up: page ? text_->pageUp() : text_->up(); break;
+        case Key::Down: page ? text_->pageDown() : text_->down(); break;
+        case Key::Back:
+            if (!dirty() || save()) return false;
+            ask_ = Ask::LeaveUnsaved;
+            dialog_.reset(new DialogModel({"Stay", "Leave"}));
+            break;
+        default: break;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool NoteEditor::update(uint32_t) {
+    if (!text_) return false;
+    uint32_t now = millis();
+    // A save that failed is tried again every five seconds, not at every pass.
+    if (dirty() && !dialog_ && now - lastTryMs_ >= kSaveAfterMs &&
+        (now - lastKeyMs_ >= kSaveAfterMs || power_.screen() == ScreenState::Off))
+        save();
+    if (!message_.empty() && now - messageMs_ >= kMessageMs) {
+        message_.clear();
+        redraw_ = true;
+    }
+    bool r = redraw_;
+    redraw_ = false;
+    return r;
+}
+
+void NoteEditor::draw(Canvas& c) {
+    if (!text_) return;
+    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+
+    // The name, and whether the card has what's on screen.
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+    std::string name = path_.empty() ? "New note" : files::fitName(files::baseName(path_), 26);
+    c.drawString(name.c_str(), 4, area.y + 1);
+    std::string state = formatBytes(text_->text().size()) + (dirty() ? (problem_.empty() ? ", typing" : ", NOT SAVED") : ", saved");
+    if (path_.empty() && !dirty()) state = "empty";
+    c.setTextDatum(top_right);
+    c.setTextColor(dirty() && !problem_.empty() ? theme::kWarning : theme::kMuted);
+    c.drawString(state.c_str(), area.w - 3, area.y + 1);
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+
+    int top = area.y + 10;
+    auto rows = text_->rows();
+    c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+    c.setTextColor(theme::kText);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < rows.size(); i++) c.drawString(rows[i].c_str(), 4, top + 1 + static_cast<int>(i) * theme::kLineHeight);
+    c.fillRect(3 + text_->cursorCol() * 6, top + text_->cursorRow() * theme::kLineHeight, 1, theme::kLineHeight, theme::kAccent);
+    if (text_->text().size() > static_cast<size_t>(kCols * kRows)) {  // more than a screen: where we are in it
+        int h = kRows * theme::kLineHeight, barH = 12;
+        c.fillRect(area.w - 2, top + (h - barH) * text_->percent() / 100, 2, barH, theme::kMuted);
+    }
+
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    bool showMessage = !message_.empty() && millis() - messageMs_ < kMessageMs;
+    c.setTextColor(showMessage ? theme::kWarning : theme::kMuted);
+    c.drawString(showMessage ? message_.c_str() : "Fn+arrows: move  Ctrl+A/E: line  Back: done", 4, area.y + area.h - 9);
+
+    if (dialog_ && ask_ == Ask::Recover)
+        widgets::dialog(c, "Unsaved copy", "A save of this note was cut short. Its copy has " + formatBytes(recovered_.size()) + ", the note " +
+                                               formatBytes(text_->text().size()) + ".",
+                        *dialog_);
+    else if (dialog_)
+        widgets::dialog(c, "Not saved", "The note couldn't be saved: " + problem_ + ". Leave and lose what was typed?", *dialog_);
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "dialog_model.h"
+#include "key_event.h"
+#include "note_text.h"
+#include "services/clock_service.h"
+#include "services/power_service.h"
+#include "services/storage_service.h"
+#include "ui/canvas.h"
+
+namespace roro {
+
+// Edits one text file of up to 16 KB (F1, Q143-Q145): the Notes App's editor, and the Storage
+// App's for `e`. It saves by itself: five seconds after the last key, when the screen turns off,
+// and on close. A save writes `<file>.tmp`, then puts it in the note's place, so the note on the
+// card is always a whole one.
+class NoteEditor {
+   public:
+    static constexpr int kCols = 38, kRows = 8;
+    static constexpr uint32_t kSaveAfterMs = 5000;
+
+    NoteEditor(StorageService& storage, ClockService& clock, PowerService& power)
+        : storage_(storage), clock_(clock), power_(power) {}
+
+    std::string open(const std::string& path);  // "" or why it can't be edited
+    std::string openNew(const std::string& folder);  // the same; no file until there's something to save (Q142)
+    void close();                               // saves what isn't yet
+    bool isOpen() const { return static_cast<bool>(text_); }
+    const std::string& path() const { return path_; }  // "" for a new note nothing was typed in
+
+    bool onKey(const KeyEvent& e);  // false: done, and saved
+    bool update(uint32_t nowMs);    // true: draw again
+    void draw(Canvas& c);
+
+   private:
+    enum class Ask { None, Recover, LeaveUnsaved };
+
+    bool dirty() const { return text_ && text_->revision() != savedRevision_; }
+    bool save();  // true if the card has it now (or there was nothing to save)
+    void say(const std::string& text);
+
+    StorageService& storage_;
+    ClockService& clock_;
+    PowerService& power_;
+    std::unique_ptr<notes::NoteText> text_;
+    std::string path_, folder_;
+    uint32_t savedRevision_ = 0, lastKeyMs_ = 0, lastTryMs_ = 0;
+    std::string recovered_;  // what a temporary file left behind holds, until the user has chosen
+    Ask ask_ = Ask::None;
+    std::unique_ptr<DialogModel> dialog_;
+    std::string message_, problem_;
+    uint32_t messageMs_ = 0;
+    bool redraw_ = false;
+};
+
+}  // namespace roro
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+#include "notes_app.h"
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <SD.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "file_names.h"
+#include "ui/canvas.h"
+#include "ui/fonts.h"
+#include "ui/widgets.h"
+
+namespace roro {
+
+using files::baseName;
+using files::joinPath;
+
+namespace {
+constexpr uint32_t kMessageMs = 4000;
+constexpr size_t kTitleChars = 26;
+
+bool endsWith(const std::string& s, const char* tail) {
+    size_t n = std::strlen(tail);
+    return s.size() >= n && s.compare(s.size() - n, n, tail) == 0;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+void NotesApp::onEnter() {
+    view_ = ESP.getFreeHeap() < kStartFloor ? View::NoMemory : View::List;
+    dialog_.reset();
+    message_.clear();
+    cardPresent_ = storage_.state().present;
+    mended_ = false;
+    if (view_ == View::List) reload();
+    requestRedraw();
+}
+
+void NotesApp::onExit() {
+    editor_.close();  // saves
+    if (wait_ == Wait::List) ops_.cancel();
+    wait_ = Wait::None;
+    wantList_ = loaded_ = false;
+    list_ = files::FileList();
+    std::vector<uint16_t>().swap(notes_);
+    std::vector<std::string>().swap(titles_);
+    titlesFrom_ = -1;
+    rows_.setCount(0);
+}
+
+void NotesApp::say(const std::string& text) {
+    message_ = text;
+    messageMs_ = millis();
+    requestRedraw();
+}
+
+void NotesApp::reload(const std::string& select) {
+    selectAfter_ = select;
+    wantList_ = true;
+}
+
+std::string NotesApp::selectedPath() const {
+    int i = rows_.selected();
+    if (!loaded_ || i < 0 || i >= static_cast<int>(notes_.size())) return "";
+    return joinPath(kFolder, list_.name(notes_[i]));
+}
+
+void NotesApp::leaveEditor() {
+    std::string path = editor_.path();
+    editor_.close();
+    view_ = View::List;
+    reload(path.empty() ? "" : baseName(path));
+}
+
+void NotesApp::update(uint32_t nowMs) {
+    bool present = storage_.state().present;
+    if (present != cardPresent_) {
+        cardPresent_ = present;
+        if (view_ == View::Name) view_ = View::List;
+        loaded_ = false;
+        wantList_ = present && view_ == View::List;
+        requestRedraw();
+    }
+    if (view_ == View::Edit) {
+        if (editor_.update(nowMs)) requestRedraw();
+        return;
+    }
+    if (wantList_ && present && wait_ == Wait::None && !ops_.busy() && ops_.list(kFolder).empty()) {
+        wantList_ = false;
+        wait_ = Wait::List;
+    }
+    FileOps::Status s;
+    if (wait_ != Wait::None && ops_.finished(s)) {
+        onFinished(s);
+        requestRedraw();
+    }
+    if (!message_.empty() && millis() - messageMs_ >= kMessageMs) {
+        message_.clear();
+        requestRedraw();
+    }
+}
+
+void NotesApp::onFinished(const FileOps::Status& s) {
+    Wait was = wait_;
+    wait_ = Wait::None;
+    if (was == Wait::Work) {
+        if (!s.error.empty()) say(s.error);
+        else say(s.op == FileOps::Op::Delete ? "Deleted" : "Renamed");
+        return reload(selectAfter_);
+    }
+    list_.clear();
+    notes_.clear();
+    if (s.error.empty()) {  // no /notes yet is an empty list, not an error
+        ops_.takeListing(list_);
+        list_.sort(sort_);
+    }
+    // A save cut between its two last steps left "x.txt.tmp" and no "x.txt": the whole note, under
+    // the wrong name. Put back once, then listed again.
+    std::vector<std::string> orphans;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < list_.count(); i++) {
+        std::string name = list_.name(i);
+        if (list_.folder(i)) continue;
+        if (endsWith(name, ".tmp")) {
+            if (list_.find(name.substr(0, name.size() - 4)) < 0) orphans.push_back(name);
+            continue;
+        }
+        notes_.push_back(static_cast<uint16_t>(i));
+    }
+    if (!orphans.empty() && !mended_) {
+        mended_ = true;
+        storage_.runAndWait([&]() {
+            for (auto& name : orphans) {
+                std::string from = joinPath(kFolder, name);
+                SD.rename(from.c_str(), from.substr(0, from.size() - 4).c_str());
+            }
+        });
+        return reload(selectAfter_);
+    }
+    loaded_ = true;
+    titlesFrom_ = -1;
+    rows_.setCount(static_cast<int>(notes_.size()));
+    int at = -1;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < notes_.size() && !selectAfter_.empty(); i++)
+        if (selectAfter_ == list_.name(notes_[i])) at = static_cast<int>(i);
+    rows_.select(at >= 0 ? at : selectIndex_);
+    selectAfter_.clear();
+    selectIndex_ = 0;
+}
+
+// The first line of each note on screen, read when the list moves: eight short reads.
+void NotesApp::readTitles() {
+    if (titlesFrom_ == rows_.firstVisible()) return;
+    titlesFrom_ = rows_.firstVisible();
+    titles_.clear();
+    std::vector<std::string> paths;
+    for (int i = titlesFrom_; i < titlesFrom_ + kRows && i < static_cast<int>(notes_.size()); i++) paths.push_back(joinPath(kFolder, list_.name(notes_[i])));
+    titles_.resize(paths.size());
+    storage_.runAndWait([&]() {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < paths.size(); i++) {
+            File f = SD.open(paths[i].c_str(), FILE_READ);
+            if (!f) continue;
+            char head[120];
+            int n = f.read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(head), sizeof head);
+            f.close();
+            if (n > 0) titles_[i] = notes::titleFrom(std::string(head, n), kTitleChars);
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+std::string NotesApp::titleOf(int row) {
+    size_t i = static_cast<size_t>(row - titlesFrom_);
+    if (i < titles_.size() && !titles_[i].empty()) return titles_[i];
+    return files::fitName(list_.name(notes_[row]), kTitleChars);  // an empty note, or not a text
+}
+
+bool NotesApp::onKey(const KeyEvent& e) {
+    requestRedraw();
+    if (view_ == View::NoMemory) return false;
+    if (view_ == View::Edit) {
+        if (!editor_.onKey(e)) leaveEditor();
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (dialog_) {
+        dialog_->onKey(e);
+        int result = dialog_->result();
+        if (result == DialogModel::kPending) return true;
+        dialog_.reset();
+        if (result == 1) {
+            selectIndex_ = rows_.selected();
+            selectAfter_.clear();
+            std::string why = ops_.remove(target_, false);
+            if (why.empty()) wait_ = Wait::Work;
+            else say(why);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (wantList_ || wait_ != Wait::None) return true;  // a moment
+    if (view_ == View::Name) return onNameKey(e);
+    return onListKey(e);
+}
+
+bool NotesApp::onNameKey(const KeyEvent& e) {
+    switch (e.key) {
+        case Key::Char: name_.insert(e.ch); break;
+        case Key::Delete: name_.backspace(); break;
+        case Key::Left: name_.left(); break;
+        case Key::Right: name_.right(); break;
+        case Key::Back: view_ = View::List; break;
+        case Key::Select: {
+            std::string name = name_.text() + ".txt";
+            std::string why = files::checkName(name);
+            if (why.empty() && name != baseName(target_)) {
+                why = ops_.move(target_, false, joinPath(kFolder, name));
+                if (why.empty()) {
+                    wait_ = Wait::Work;
+                    selectAfter_ = name;
+                }
+            }
+            if (why.empty()) view_ = View::List;
+            else say(why);
+            break;
+        }
+        default: break;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool NotesApp::onListKey(const KeyEvent& e) {
+    if (e.key == Key::Back) return false;
+    if (!cardPresent_ || !loaded_) return true;
+    uint32_t ch = e.key == Key::Char ? (e.ch >= 'A' && e.ch <= 'Z' ? e.ch + 32 : e.ch) : 0;
+    std::string path = selectedPath();
+    switch (e.key) {
+        case Key::Up: rows_.up(); return true;
+        case Key::Down: rows_.down(); return true;
+        case Key::Left: rows_.pageUp(); return true;
+        case Key::Right: rows_.pageDown(); return true;
+        case Key::Select: {
+            if (path.empty()) return true;
+            std::string why = editor_.open(path);
+            if (why.empty()) view_ = View::Edit;
+            else say(why);
+            return true;
+        }
+        case Key::Delete: ch = 'd'; break;
+        default: break;
+    }
+    if (ch == 'n') {
+        std::string why = editor_.openNew(kFolder);
+        if (why.empty()) view_ = View::Edit;
+        else say(why);
+    } else if (ch == 's') {
+        sort_ = sort_ == files::FileSort::Date ? files::FileSort::Name : files::FileSort::Date;
+        std::string keep = path.empty() ? "" : baseName(path);
+        list_.sort(sort_);
+        notes_.clear();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < list_.count(); i++)
+            if (!list_.folder(i) && !endsWith(list_.name(i), ".tmp")) notes_.push_back(static_cast<uint16_t>(i));
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < notes_.size(); i++)
+            if (keep == list_.name(notes_[i])) rows_.select(static_cast<int>(i));
+        titlesFrom_ = -1;
+        say(sort_ == files::FileSort::Date ? "Newest first" : "By file name");
+    } else if (path.empty()) {
+        // nothing selected: the keys below need a note
+    } else if (ch == 'd') {
+        target_ = path;
+        question_ = "Delete " + files::fitName(baseName(path), 22) + ", \"" + titleOf(rows_.selected()).substr(0, 20) + "\"? It can't be undone.";
+        dialog_.reset(new DialogModel({"Cancel", "Delete"}));
+    } else if (ch == 'r') {
+        target_ = path;
+        std::string name = baseName(path);
+        size_t dot = name.rfind('.');
+        name_.setText(dot == std::string::npos || dot == 0 ? name : name.substr(0, dot));
+        view_ = View::Name;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void NotesApp::draw(Canvas& c) {
+    lastDrawMs_ = millis();
+    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+    if (view_ == View::NoMemory) {
+        c.setFont(&fonts::bold);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kWarning);
+        c.drawString("Not enough memory", 4, area.y + 4);
+        c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+        c.drawString("Close what's running (IRC, a page", 4, area.y + 22);
+        c.drawString("in Gemini) and open Notes again.", 4, area.y + 22 + theme::kLineHeight);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (view_ == View::Edit) return editor_.draw(c);
+
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+    c.drawString(kFolder, 4, area.y + 1);
+    if (loaded_) {
+        std::string count = std::to_string(notes_.size()) + (notes_.size() == 1 ? " note" : " notes");
+        if (list_.more() > 0) count = "the first " + std::to_string(notes_.size()) + " notes";
+        c.setTextDatum(top_right);
+        c.drawString(count.c_str(), area.w - 3, area.y + 1);
+        c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+    }
+
+    theme::Rect rows{area.x, area.y + 10, area.w, kRows * theme::kLineHeight};
+    c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+    if (!storage_.state().present) {
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kWarning);
+        c.drawString("No SD card", 4, rows.y + 4);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+        c.drawString("Notes are kept on the card.", 4, rows.y + 4 + theme::kLineHeight);
+    } else if (!loaded_) {
+        // a moment
+    } else if (notes_.empty()) {
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+        c.drawString("No notes yet.", 4, rows.y + 4);
+        c.drawString("n starts one.", 4, rows.y + 4 + theme::kLineHeight);
+    } else {
+        readTitles();
+        widgets::list(
+            c, rows_, rows, [&](int i) { return titleOf(i); },
+            [&](int i) {
+                std::string stamp = files::formatStamp(list_.modified(notes_[i]));
+                return stamp.size() >= 10 ? stamp.substr(0, 10) : stamp;
+            });
+    }
+
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    bool showMessage = !message_.empty() && millis() - messageMs_ < kMessageMs;
+    c.setTextColor(showMessage ? theme::kWarning : theme::kMuted);
+    c.drawString(showMessage ? message_.c_str() : "n: new  Enter: open  r: name  d: del  s: sort", 4, area.y + area.h - 9);
+
+    if (view_ == View::Name) {
+        theme::Rect box{16, 44, theme::kWidth - 32, 48};
+        c.fillRect(box.x, box.y, box.w, box.h, theme::kBackground);
+        c.drawRect(box.x, box.y, box.w, box.h, theme::kAccent);
+        c.setFont(&fonts::bold);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kText);
+        c.drawString("File name (.txt)", box.x + 6, box.y + 4);
+        widgets::lineEditor(c, name_, {box.x + 6, box.y + 22, box.w - 12, theme::kLineHeight + 4});
+    }
+    if (dialog_) widgets::dialog(c, "Delete", question_, *dialog_);
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "app.h"
+#include "apps/note_editor.h"
+#include "dialog_model.h"
+#include "file_list.h"
+#include "line_editor.h"
+#include "list_model.h"
+#include "services/file_ops.h"
+#include "ui/theme.h"
+
+namespace roro {
+
+// Notes (docs/milestones/F1.md, Q141-Q150): plain text files in /notes, listed by their first line,
+// newest first. n starts one, Enter opens it in the editor, which saves by itself; r renames the
+// file, d deletes it after asking, s sorts by name or by date.
+class NotesApp : public App {
+   public:
+    NotesApp(FileOps& ops, StorageService& storage, ClockService& clock, PowerService& power)
+        : ops_(ops), storage_(storage), editor_(storage, clock, power) {}
+    void onEnter() override;
+    void onExit() override;
+    bool onKey(const KeyEvent& e) override;
+    bool textEntryActive() const override { return view_ == View::Edit || view_ == View::Name; }
+    void update(uint32_t nowMs) override;
+    void draw(Canvas& c) override;
+
+   private:
+    enum class View { List, Edit, Name, NoMemory };
+    enum class Wait { None, List, Work };
+    static constexpr int kRows = 8;
+    static constexpr size_t kStartFloor = 55 * 1024;  // Q86, Q144
+    static constexpr const char* kFolder = "/notes";
+
+    void reload(const std::string& select = "");
+    void onFinished(const FileOps::Status& s);
+    bool onListKey(const KeyEvent& e);
+    bool onNameKey(const KeyEvent& e);
+    void leaveEditor();
+    std::string selectedPath() const;  // "" in an empty list
+    std::string titleOf(int row);
+    void readTitles();
+    void say(const std::string& text);
+
+    FileOps& ops_;
+    StorageService& storage_;
+    NoteEditor editor_;
+
+    View view_ = View::List;
+    files::FileList list_;
+    std::vector<uint16_t> notes_;  // the entries of list_ that are notes
+    files::FileSort sort_ = files::FileSort::Date;
+    ListModel rows_{kRows};
+    bool wantList_ = false, loaded_ = false, cardPresent_ = false, mended_ = false;
+    std::string selectAfter_;
+    int selectIndex_ = 0;
+    Wait wait_ = Wait::None;
+    std::vector<std::string> titles_;  // of the rows on screen
+    int titlesFrom_ = -1;
+    std::unique_ptr<DialogModel> dialog_;
+    std::string target_, question_;
+    LineEditor name_{40};
+    std::string message_;
+    uint32_t messageMs_ = 0, lastDrawMs_ = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace roro
@@ -27,9 +27,6 @@ bool SettingsApp::onKey(const KeyEvent& e) {
        case Page::Menu: return onMenuKey(e);
        case Page::Text: return onTextKey(e);
        case Page::Choice: return onChoiceKey(e);
-        case Page::Storage:
-            if (!storagePage_.onKey(e)) page_ = Page::Menu;
-            return true;
        case Page::About: return onAboutKey(e);
        case Page::Wifi:
            if (!wifiPage_.onKey(e)) page_ = Page::Menu;
@@ -70,10 +67,6 @@ bool SettingsApp::onMenuKey(const KeyEvent& e) {
        case Kind::Slider: break;
        case Kind::Page:
            switch (menu_.row(i)) {
-                case Row::Storage:
-                    page_ = Page::Storage;
-                    storagePage_.enter();
-                    break;
                case Row::Wifi:
                    page_ = Page::Wifi;
                    wifiPage_.enter();
@@ -130,8 +123,8 @@ bool SettingsApp::onAboutKey(const KeyEvent& e) {
 }

 void SettingsApp::update(uint32_t nowMs) {
-    // Live values on Storage and About.
-    bool live = page_ == Page::Storage || page_ == Page::About || page_ == Page::Firmware ||
+    // Live values on About and Firmware.
+    bool live = page_ == Page::About || page_ == Page::Firmware ||
                (page_ == Page::Wifi && wifiPage_.live());
    if (live && nowMs - lastRefreshMs_ >= 500) {
        lastRefreshMs_ = nowMs;
@@ -188,7 +181,6 @@ void SettingsApp::draw(Canvas& c) {
            widgets::list(c, choices_, area, [&](int i) { return (i == current ? "* " : "  ") + options[i]; });
            break;
        }
-        case Page::Storage: storagePage_.draw(c); break;
        case Page::About: widgets::textLines(c, aboutLines(), 0, area); break;
        case Page::Wifi: wifiPage_.draw(c); break;
        case Page::Firmware: firmwarePage_.draw(c); break;
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 #include "services/clock_service.h"
 #include "services/storage_service.h"
 #include "apps/firmware_page.h"
-#include "apps/storage_page.h"
 #include "apps/wifi_settings_page.h"
 #include "settings_menu.h"
 #include "ui/theme.h"
@@ -33,14 +32,13 @@ struct SettingsAppDeps {
    UpdateService& update;
 };

-// Settings: every user-facing setting, plus the Storage and About pages.
+// Settings: every user-facing setting, plus the Wi-Fi, Firmware and About pages.
 class SettingsApp : public App {
   public:
    explicit SettingsApp(const SettingsAppDeps& deps)
        : d_(deps),
          menu_(deps.settings),
          wifiPage_(deps.settings, deps.savedNetworks, deps.wifi, deps.bus),
-          storagePage_(deps.storage, deps.clock, deps.bus),
          firmwarePage_(deps.update, deps.wifi, deps.storage) {}
    void onEnter() override;
    bool onKey(const KeyEvent& e) override;
@@ -51,7 +49,7 @@ class SettingsApp : public App {
    void draw(Canvas& c) override;

   private:
-    enum class Page { Menu, Text, Choice, Storage, About, Wifi, Firmware };
+    enum class Page { Menu, Text, Choice, About, Wifi, Firmware };

    bool onMenuKey(const KeyEvent& e);
    bool onTextKey(const KeyEvent& e);
@@ -63,7 +61,6 @@ class SettingsApp : public App {
    SettingsAppDeps d_;
    SettingsMenu menu_;
    WifiSettingsPage wifiPage_;
-    StoragePage storagePage_;
    FirmwarePage firmwarePage_;
    Page page_ = Page::Menu;
    ListModel list_{theme::kContent.h / theme::kLineHeight};
@@ -0,0 +1,596 @@
+#include "storage_app.h"
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#include "cleanup_plan.h"
+#include "file_names.h"
+#include "ui/canvas.h"
+#include "ui/fonts.h"
+#include "ui/widgets.h"
+
+namespace roro {
+
+using files::baseName;
+using files::joinPath;
+using files::parentOf;
+
+namespace {
+constexpr uint32_t kMessageMs = 4000;
+constexpr uint32_t kQuietMs = 300;  // an operation shorter than this shows no progress
+
+const char* kindText(const std::string& name) {
+    switch (files::kindOf(name)) {
+        case files::FileKind::Text: return "Text";
+        case files::FileKind::Gpx: return "Track (GPX)";
+        case files::FileKind::Pcap: return "Capture (pcap)";
+        case files::FileKind::Ota: return "Update File";
+        default: return "File";
+    }
+}
+
+std::string plural(uint32_t n, const char* one) { return std::to_string(n) + " " + one + (n == 1 ? "" : "s"); }
+}  // namespace
+
+void StorageApp::onEnter() {
+    view_ = ESP.getFreeHeap() < kStartFloor ? View::NoMemory : View::Browse;
+    ask_ = Ask::None;
+    dialog_.reset();
+    message_.clear();
+    cardPresent_ = storage_.state().present;
+    // A copy left running is picked up where it is; anything else starts from a fresh listing.
+    if (wait_ != Wait::Work && view_ == View::Browse) open(cwd_);
+    else want_ = cwd_;
+    requestRedraw();
+}
+
+void StorageApp::onExit() {
+    if (wait_ != Wait::None && wait_ != Wait::Work) {
+        ops_.cancel();
+        wait_ = Wait::None;
+    }
+    noteEditor_.close();  // saves
+    viewer_.close();
+    wantList_ = false;
+    loaded_ = false;
+    list_ = files::FileList();  // its memory only while the App is open
+    rows_.setCount(0);
+    std::vector<std::string>().swap(details_);
+}
+
+void StorageApp::say(const std::string& text) {
+    message_ = text;
+    messageMs_ = millis();
+    requestRedraw();
+}
+
+// What's on screen stays, with its path, until the new listing is in: cwd_ changes then.
+void StorageApp::open(const std::string& folder, const std::string& select) {
+    want_ = folder;
+    selectAfter_ = select;
+    wantList_ = true;  // started from update(), once the card is free
+    waitSinceMs_ = millis();
+}
+
+StorageApp::Item StorageApp::selected() const {
+    int i = rows_.selected();
+    if (!loaded_ || i < 0 || i >= static_cast<int>(list_.count())) return {};
+    Item item;
+    item.path = joinPath(cwd_, list_.name(i));
+    item.folder = list_.folder(i);
+    return item;
+}
+
+bool StorageApp::work(const std::string& why, const std::string& selectAfter) {
+    if (!why.empty()) {
+        say(why);
+        return false;
+    }
+    wait_ = Wait::Work;
+    waitSinceMs_ = millis();
+    selectAfter_ = selectAfter;
+    return true;
+}
+
+void StorageApp::update(uint32_t nowMs) {
+    bool present = storage_.state().present;
+    if (present != cardPresent_) {  // taken out, put in, or erased: back to the top
+        cardPresent_ = present;
+        cwd_ = want_ = "/";
+        selectAfter_.clear();
+        loaded_ = false;
+        list_.clear();
+        rows_.setCount(0);
+        wantList_ = present;
+        clip_ = Item();
+        if (view_ == View::Viewer) viewer_.close();
+        if (view_ == View::Editor) noteEditor_.close();
+        if (view_ == View::Details || view_ == View::Name || view_ == View::Viewer || view_ == View::Editor) view_ = View::Browse;
+        requestRedraw();
+    }
+    if (wantList_ && present && wait_ == Wait::None && !ops_.busy() && ops_.list(want_).empty()) {
+        wantList_ = false;
+        wait_ = Wait::List;
+        waitSinceMs_ = nowMs;
+    }
+    if (view_ == View::Viewer && viewer_.update(nowMs)) requestRedraw();
+    if (view_ == View::Editor && noteEditor_.update(nowMs)) requestRedraw();
+    FileOps::Status s;
+    if (wait_ != Wait::None && ops_.finished(s)) {
+        onFinished(s);
+        requestRedraw();
+    }
+    // millis(), not nowMs: a message set by a key in this same pass is newer than the pass's own time.
+    uint32_t now = millis();
+    if ((wait_ != Wait::None || wantList_) && now - lastDrawMs_ >= 250) requestRedraw();
+    if (!message_.empty() && now - messageMs_ >= kMessageMs) {
+        message_.clear();
+        requestRedraw();
+    }
+    if (view_ == View::Maintenance && now - lastDrawMs_ >= 1000) requestRedraw();
+}
+
+void StorageApp::onFinished(const FileOps::Status& s) {
+    Wait was = wait_;
+    wait_ = Wait::None;
+    switch (was) {
+        case Wait::List: {
+            if (!s.error.empty()) {
+                say(s.error);
+                selectAfter_.clear();
+                // A folder that can't be opened leaves the screen as it is; if it's the one on
+                // screen that went away, back to the top.
+                if (want_ != cwd_ && loaded_) {
+                    want_ = cwd_;
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (want_ != "/") return open("/");
+                list_.clear();
+            } else {
+                ops_.takeListing(list_);
+                list_.sort(sort_);
+            }
+            cwd_ = want_;
+            loaded_ = true;
+            int count = static_cast<int>(list_.count()) + (cwd_ == "/" ? 1 : 0);
+            int at = selectAfter_.empty() ? -1 : list_.find(selectAfter_);
+            rows_.setCount(count);
+            rows_.select(at >= 0 ? at : selectIndex_);
+            selectAfter_.clear();
+            selectIndex_ = 0;
+            break;
+        }
+        case Wait::CountToDelete:
+            if (!s.error.empty()) say(s.error);
+            else if (!s.cancelled) askDelete(target_, s.files, s.bytes);
+            break;
+        case Wait::CountForDetails:
+            if (view_ != View::Details || details_.empty() || s.cancelled) break;
+            details_.back() = s.error.empty() ? plural(s.files, "file") + ", " + formatBytes(s.bytes) : s.error;
+            break;
+        case Wait::Work: {
+            std::string name = files::fitName(baseName(target_.path), 20);
+            if (s.exists && pasting_) {
+                question_ = name + " exists already in this folder. Replace it?";
+                ask_ = Ask::Replace;
+                dialog_.reset(new DialogModel({"Cancel", "Replace"}));
+                return;
+            }
+            if (!s.error.empty()) say(s.error);
+            else if (s.cancelled) say(s.op == FileOps::Op::Copy ? "Cancelled: nothing was copied" : "Cancelled after " + plural(s.files, "file"));
+            else {
+                switch (s.op) {
+                    case FileOps::Op::Copy: say(s.files == 1 ? "Copied " + name : "Copied " + plural(s.files, "file") + " to " + name); break;
+                    case FileOps::Op::Move: say((pasting_ ? "Moved " : "Renamed to ") + name); break;
+                    case FileOps::Op::Delete: say(s.files == 1 ? "Deleted " + name : "Deleted " + name + ", " + plural(s.files, "file")); break;
+                    default: say("Made " + name); break;
+                }
+                // The clipboard must not point at what has moved or gone.
+                bool gone = s.op == FileOps::Op::Delete || s.op == FileOps::Op::Move;
+                if (clip_ && gone && files::isInside(clip_.path, s.path)) clip_ = Item();
+            }
+            open(cwd_, selectAfter_);
+            break;
+        }
+        default: break;
+    }
+}
+
+void StorageApp::paste(bool replace) {
+    if (!clip_) return say("Nothing to paste: c copies, x cuts");
+    std::string name = baseName(clip_.path), why;
+    if (cut_) {
+        why = ops_.move(clip_.path, clip_.folder, joinPath(cwd_, name), replace);
+    } else {
+        // A copy next to its original: "a (2).txt", or the next number that's free.
+        if (parentOf(clip_.path) == cwd_)
+            for (int n = 2; n < 100 && list_.find(name) >= 0; n++) name = files::copyName(baseName(clip_.path), n);
+        why = ops_.copy(clip_.path, clip_.folder, cwd_, name, replace);
+    }
+    target_.path = joinPath(cwd_, name);
+    target_.folder = clip_.folder;
+    pasting_ = true;
+    selectIndex_ = rows_.selected();  // where to stay if nothing comes of it
+    work(why, name);
+}
+
+void StorageApp::askDelete(const Item& item, uint32_t count, uint32_t bytes) {
+    std::string name = files::fitName(baseName(item.path), 22);
+    if (!item.folder) question_ = "Delete " + name + " (" + formatBytes(bytes) + ")?";
+    else if (count == 0) question_ = "Delete the empty folder " + name + "?";
+    else question_ = "Delete " + name + " and its " + plural(count, "file") + " (" + formatBytes(bytes) + ")?";
+    question_ += " It can't be undone.";
+    target_ = item;
+    ask_ = Ask::Delete;
+    dialog_.reset(new DialogModel({"Cancel", "Delete"}));
+    requestRedraw();
+}
+
+void StorageApp::onAnswer(int button) {
+    Ask asked = ask_;
+    ask_ = Ask::None;
+    dialog_.reset();
+    if (button != 1) return;
+    switch (asked) {
+        case Ask::Delete:
+            selectIndex_ = rows_.selected();
+            pasting_ = false;
+            work(ops_.remove(target_.path, target_.folder), "");
+            break;
+        case Ask::Replace: paste(true); break;
+        case Ask::Maintenance:
+            view_ = View::Maintenance;
+            maintenance_.enter();
+            break;
+        default: break;
+    }
+}
+
+void StorageApp::showDetails(const Item& item) {
+    int i = rows_.selected();
+    std::string name = baseName(item.path);
+    details_.clear();
+    details_.push_back(name);
+    if (item.folder) details_.push_back("Folder");
+    else {
+        uint32_t size = list_.size(i);
+        std::string text = std::string(kindText(name)) + ", " + formatBytes(size);
+        if (size >= 1024) text += " (" + std::to_string(size) + " bytes)";
+        details_.push_back(text);
+    }
+    details_.push_back("Modified " + files::formatStamp(list_.modified(i)));
+    details_.push_back("In " + cwd_);
+    std::string why = ops_.whyReadOnly(item.path, item.folder);
+    if (!why.empty()) details_.push_back("Read-only: " + why);
+    if (item.folder) {
+        details_.push_back("Counting...");
+        if (ops_.count(item.path).empty()) wait_ = Wait::CountForDetails;
+        else details_.pop_back();
+    }
+    detailsTop_ = 0;
+    view_ = View::Details;
+}
+
+bool StorageApp::onKey(const KeyEvent& e) {
+    requestRedraw();
+    if (view_ == View::NoMemory) return false;
+    if (view_ == View::Maintenance) {
+        if (!maintenance_.onKey(e)) {
+            view_ = View::Browse;
+            open(cwd_);  // a Clean-up may have emptied what was shown
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (view_ == View::Editor) {
+        if (!noteEditor_.onKey(e)) {
+            std::string name = baseName(noteEditor_.path());
+            noteEditor_.close();
+            view_ = View::Browse;
+            open(cwd_, name);  // its size and date have changed
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (view_ == View::Viewer && viewer_.showingText() && e.key == Key::Char && (e.ch == 'e' || e.ch == 'E')) {
+        // Edit it (Q146), if the rules and its size allow.
+        std::string path = viewer_.path(), why = ops_.whyReadOnly(path, false);
+        if (why.empty() && viewer_.size() > notes::NoteText::kMaxBytes) why = "Too big to edit: 16 KB at most";
+        if (why.empty()) {
+            viewer_.close();
+            why = noteEditor_.open(path);
+            if (why.empty()) view_ = View::Editor;
+            else {
+                view_ = View::Browse;
+                say(why);
+            }
+        } else {
+            viewer_.say(why);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (view_ == View::Viewer) {
+        if (!viewer_.onKey(e)) {
+            viewer_.close();
+            view_ = View::Browse;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (dialog_) {
+        dialog_->onKey(e);
+        if (dialog_->result() != DialogModel::kPending) onAnswer(dialog_->result());
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (view_ == View::Details) {
+        if (e.key == Key::Up) detailsTop_ = std::max(0, detailsTop_ - 1);
+        else if (e.key == Key::Down) detailsTop_++;  // clamped when drawn
+        else if (e.key == Key::Back || e.key == Key::Select) {
+            if (wait_ == Wait::CountForDetails) ops_.cancel();
+            view_ = View::Browse;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    // A copy, a delete or a count is running: Back stops it, nothing else gets through. The same
+    // while a folder is being read, which nothing stops.
+    if (wantList_) return true;
+    if (wait_ != Wait::None) {
+        if (e.key == Key::Back && wait_ != Wait::List) ops_.cancel();
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (view_ == View::Name) return onNameKey(e);
+    return onBrowseKey(e);
+}
+
+bool StorageApp::onNameKey(const KeyEvent& e) {
+    switch (e.key) {
+        case Key::Char: editor_.insert(e.ch); break;
+        case Key::Delete: editor_.backspace(); break;
+        case Key::Left: editor_.left(); break;
+        case Key::Right: editor_.right(); break;
+        case Key::Back: view_ = View::Browse; break;
+        case Key::Select: {
+            const std::string& name = editor_.text();
+            std::string why = files::checkName(name);
+            if (!why.empty()) {
+                say(why);
+                break;
+            }
+            pasting_ = false;
+            bool started = true;
+            if (!renaming_) {
+                target_.path = joinPath(cwd_, name);
+                target_.folder = true;
+                started = work(ops_.makeFolder(target_.path), name);
+            } else if (name != baseName(target_.path)) {
+                std::string to = joinPath(cwd_, name);
+                started = work(ops_.move(target_.path, target_.folder, to), name);
+                if (started) target_.path = to;
+            }
+            if (started) view_ = View::Browse;
+            break;
+        }
+        default: break;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool StorageApp::onBrowseKey(const KeyEvent& e) {
+    auto askMaintenance = [this]() {
+        question_ = "Clean-up and Erase delete files for good: there is no undo.";
+        ask_ = Ask::Maintenance;
+        dialog_.reset(new DialogModel({"Back", "Go on"}));
+    };
+    if (e.key == Key::Back) {
+        if (cwd_ == "/" || !cardPresent_) return false;  // leaves the App
+        open(parentOf(cwd_), baseName(cwd_));
+        return true;
+    }
+    uint32_t ch = e.key == Key::Char ? (e.ch >= 'A' && e.ch <= 'Z' ? e.ch + 32 : e.ch) : 0;
+    if (ch == 'm') askMaintenance();
+    if (!cardPresent_ || !loaded_) return true;
+
+    Item item = selected();
+    switch (e.key) {
+        case Key::Up: rows_.up(); return true;
+        case Key::Down: rows_.down(); return true;
+        case Key::Left: rows_.pageUp(); return true;
+        case Key::Right: rows_.pageDown(); return true;
+        case Key::Select:
+            if (onMaintenanceRow()) askMaintenance();
+            else if (item && item.folder) open(item.path);
+            else if (item) {
+                viewer_.open(item.path, list_.size(rows_.selected()));
+                view_ = View::Viewer;
+            }
+            return true;
+        case Key::Delete: ch = 'd'; break;
+        default: break;
+    }
+    switch (ch) {
+        case 'v': paste(false); return true;
+        case 'n':
+            renaming_ = false;
+            editor_.setText("");
+            view_ = View::Name;
+            return true;
+        case 's': {
+            sort_ = sort_ == files::FileSort::Name ? files::FileSort::Date : sort_ == files::FileSort::Date ? files::FileSort::Size : files::FileSort::Name;
+            std::string keep = item ? baseName(item.path) : "";
+            bool onLast = onMaintenanceRow();
+            list_.sort(sort_);
+            if (!onLast) rows_.select(std::max(0, list_.find(keep)));
+            say(sort_ == files::FileSort::Name ? "Sorted by name" : sort_ == files::FileSort::Date ? "Sorted by date, newest first" : "Sorted by size, biggest first");
+            return true;
+        }
+        default: break;
+    }
+    if (!item || !(ch == 'c' || ch == 'x' || ch == 'r' || ch == 'd' || ch == 'i')) return true;
+
+    std::string name = files::fitName(baseName(item.path), 18);
+    if (ch == 'i') {
+        showDetails(item);
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (ch == 'c') {
+        clip_ = item;
+        cut_ = false;
+        say("v pastes a copy of " + name);
+        return true;
+    }
+    // Cut, rename and delete change the original: the rules of Q130 first.
+    std::string why = ops_.whyReadOnly(item.path, item.folder);
+    if (!why.empty()) {
+        say(why);
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (ch == 'x') {
+        clip_ = item;
+        cut_ = true;
+        say("v moves " + name + " here");
+    } else if (ch == 'r') {
+        target_ = item;
+        renaming_ = true;
+        editor_.setText(baseName(item.path));
+        view_ = View::Name;
+    } else if (item.folder) {  // 'd': what's inside is counted first (Q132)
+        target_ = item;
+        std::string busy = ops_.count(item.path);
+        if (!busy.empty()) say(busy);
+        else {
+            wait_ = Wait::CountToDelete;
+            waitSinceMs_ = millis();
+        }
+    } else {
+        askDelete(item, 1, list_.size(rows_.selected()));
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void StorageApp::draw(Canvas& c) {
+    lastDrawMs_ = millis();
+    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+    switch (view_) {
+        case View::NoMemory:
+            c.setFont(&fonts::bold);
+            c.setTextColor(theme::kWarning);
+            c.drawString("Not enough memory", 4, area.y + 4);
+            c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+            c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+            c.drawString("Close what's running (IRC, a page", 4, area.y + 22);
+            c.drawString("in Gemini) and open Storage again.", 4, area.y + 22 + theme::kLineHeight);
+            return;
+        case View::Maintenance: maintenance_.draw(c); return;
+        case View::Viewer: viewer_.draw(c); return;
+        case View::Editor: noteEditor_.draw(c); return;
+        case View::Details: {
+            std::vector<std::string> lines;
+            auto measure = widgets::bodyMeasure(c);
+            for (auto& d : details_)
+                for (auto& l : wrapText(d, area.w - 12, measure)) lines.push_back(l);
+            int rows = (area.h - 2) / theme::kLineHeight;
+            detailsTop_ = std::clamp(detailsTop_, 0, std::max(0, static_cast<int>(lines.size()) - rows));
+            widgets::textLines(c, lines, detailsTop_, {area.x + 2, area.y + 2, area.w - 2, area.h - 2});
+            return;
+        }
+        default: break;
+    }
+    drawBrowse(c);
+    if (view_ == View::Name) {
+        theme::Rect box{16, 44, theme::kWidth - 32, 48};
+        c.fillRect(box.x, box.y, box.w, box.h, theme::kBackground);
+        c.drawRect(box.x, box.y, box.w, box.h, theme::kAccent);
+        c.setFont(&fonts::bold);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kText);
+        c.drawString(renaming_ ? "Rename" : "New folder", box.x + 6, box.y + 4);
+        widgets::lineEditor(c, editor_, {box.x + 6, box.y + 22, box.w - 12, theme::kLineHeight + 4});
+    }
+    if (dialog_) {
+        const char* title = ask_ == Ask::Delete ? "Delete" : ask_ == Ask::Replace ? "Replace" : "Maintenance";
+        widgets::dialog(c, title, question_, *dialog_);
+    } else if ((wait_ == Wait::Work || wait_ == Wait::CountToDelete) && millis() - waitSinceMs_ >= kQuietMs) {
+        drawProgress(c);
+    }
+}
+
+void StorageApp::drawBrowse(Canvas& c) {
+    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
+    StorageState card = storage_.state();
+
+    // Where we are, and how much room is left (Q129).
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+    std::string right;
+    if (card.present) {
+        right = formatBytes(card.totalBytes - card.usedBytes) + " free";
+        if (loaded_ && list_.more() > 0) right = "first " + std::to_string(list_.count()) + " of " + std::to_string(list_.count() + list_.more());
+    }
+    size_t room = static_cast<size_t>((area.w - 12) / 5) - right.size() - 1;
+    std::string path = cwd_.size() <= room ? cwd_ : ".." + cwd_.substr(cwd_.size() - (room - 2));
+    c.drawString(path.c_str(), 4, area.y + 1);
+    c.setTextDatum(top_right);
+    c.drawString(right.c_str(), area.w - 3, area.y + 1);
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+
+    theme::Rect rows{area.x, area.y + 10, area.w, kRows * theme::kLineHeight};
+    c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+    if (!card.present) {
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kWarning);
+        c.drawString("No SD card", 4, rows.y + 4);
+    } else if (!loaded_) {
+        // Nothing yet: the footer says what's being read.
+    } else if (rows_.count() == 0) {
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+        c.drawString("Nothing in this folder.", 4, rows.y + 4);
+        c.drawString("n makes a folder, v pastes.", 4, rows.y + 4 + theme::kLineHeight);
+    } else {
+        int entries = static_cast<int>(list_.count());
+        auto value = [&](int i) {
+            return i >= entries ? std::string(">") : files::rowDetail(list_.folder(i), list_.size(i), list_.modified(i));
+        };
+        widgets::list(
+            c, rows_, rows,
+            [&](int i) {
+                if (i >= entries) return std::string("Maintenance");
+                size_t fits = static_cast<size_t>((area.w - 22) / 6) - value(i).size();
+                return files::fitName(list_.name(i), fits);
+            },
+            value);
+    }
+
+    // Footer: a message for a few seconds, what v would paste, or the keys.
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    bool showMessage = !message_.empty() && millis() - messageMs_ < kMessageMs;
+    c.setTextColor(showMessage ? theme::kWarning : theme::kMuted);
+    std::string keys = "c x v:paste r:name d:del n:new i:info s:sort";
+    if ((wantList_ || wait_ == Wait::List) && millis() - waitSinceMs_ >= kQuietMs) keys = "Reading " + files::fitName(want_, 30) + "...";
+    else if (clip_) keys = std::string("v: ") + (cut_ ? "move " : "copy ") + files::fitName(baseName(clip_.path), 20) + " here";
+    c.drawString(showMessage ? message_.c_str() : keys.c_str(), 4, area.y + area.h - 9);
+}
+
+void StorageApp::drawProgress(Canvas& c) {
+    FileOps::Status s = ops_.status();
+    theme::Rect box{20, 40, theme::kWidth - 40, 58};
+    c.fillRect(box.x, box.y, box.w, box.h, theme::kBackground);
+    c.drawRect(box.x, box.y, box.w, box.h, theme::kAccent);
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+    c.setFont(&fonts::bold);
+    c.setTextColor(theme::kText);
+    const char* verb = s.op == FileOps::Op::Copy ? "Copying " : s.op == FileOps::Op::Delete ? "Deleting " : s.op == FileOps::Op::Count ? "Counting " : "Moving ";
+    c.drawString((verb + files::fitName(baseName(target_.path), 20)).c_str(), box.x + 6, box.y + 4);
+
+    c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+    c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+    std::string line = plural(s.files, "file");
+    if (s.op == FileOps::Op::Copy && s.totalBytes > 0) {
+        int w = box.w - 12, done = static_cast<int>(static_cast<uint64_t>(s.doneBytes) * w / s.totalBytes);
+        c.drawRect(box.x + 6, box.y + 21, w, 7, theme::kMuted);
+        c.fillRect(box.x + 6, box.y + 21, std::min(done, w), 7, theme::kAccent);
+        line = formatBytes(s.doneBytes) + " of " + formatBytes(s.totalBytes);
+    }
+    c.drawString(line.c_str(), box.x + 6, box.y + 31);
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    c.drawString("Back: cancel", box.x + 6, box.y + box.h - 10);
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "app.h"
+#include "apps/file_viewer.h"
+#include "apps/maintenance_page.h"
+#include "apps/note_editor.h"
+#include "dialog_model.h"
+#include "event_bus.h"
+#include "file_list.h"
+#include "line_editor.h"
+#include "list_model.h"
+#include "services/clock_service.h"
+#include "services/file_ops.h"
+#include "services/storage_service.h"
+#include "ui/theme.h"
+
+namespace roro {
+
+// The Storage App (docs/milestones/F1.md): the SD card's folders and files, one item at a time
+// with a clipboard (Q131). Enter opens a folder, or a file in its viewer (Q134); Back goes up;
+// c copy, x cut, v paste here, r rename, d delete, n new folder, i details, s sort. At the top of the card, the last row is Maintenance:
+// usage, Storage Clean-up and erasing the card, behind a warning (Q128).
+class StorageApp : public App {
+   public:
+    StorageApp(FileOps& ops, StorageService& storage, ClockService& clock, UpdateService& update, PowerService& power, EventBus& bus)
+        : ops_(ops), storage_(storage), bus_(bus), maintenance_(storage, clock, bus), viewer_(storage, update), noteEditor_(storage, clock, power) {}
+    void onEnter() override;
+    void onExit() override;
+    bool onKey(const KeyEvent& e) override;
+    bool textEntryActive() const override { return view_ == View::Name || view_ == View::Editor; }
+    void update(uint32_t nowMs) override;
+    void draw(Canvas& c) override;
+
+   private:
+    enum class View { Browse, Details, Name, Viewer, Editor, Maintenance, NoMemory };
+    enum class Ask { None, Delete, Replace, Maintenance };
+    enum class Wait { None, List, CountToDelete, CountForDetails, Work };  // what the running operation is for
+    static constexpr int kRows = 8;
+    static constexpr size_t kStartFloor = 55 * 1024;  // Q86, Q136
+
+    struct Item {
+        std::string path;
+        bool folder = false;
+        explicit operator bool() const { return !path.empty(); }
+    };
+
+    void open(const std::string& folder, const std::string& select = "");
+    void onFinished(const FileOps::Status& s);
+    bool onBrowseKey(const KeyEvent& e);
+    bool onNameKey(const KeyEvent& e);
+    void onAnswer(int button);
+    Item selected() const;  // empty on the Maintenance row or in an empty folder
+    bool onMaintenanceRow() const { return cwd_ == "/" && rows_.selected() == static_cast<int>(list_.count()); }
+    void paste(bool replace);
+    void askDelete(const Item& item, uint32_t files, uint32_t bytes);
+    void showDetails(const Item& item);
+    bool work(const std::string& why, const std::string& selectAfter);  // an operation was asked for: did it start?
+    void say(const std::string& text);
+    void drawBrowse(Canvas& c);
+    void drawProgress(Canvas& c);
+
+    FileOps& ops_;
+    StorageService& storage_;
+    EventBus& bus_;
+    MaintenancePage maintenance_;
+    FileViewer viewer_;
+    NoteEditor noteEditor_;  // `e` in the text viewer (Q146)
+
+    View view_ = View::Browse;
+    std::string cwd_ = "/", want_ = "/";  // the folder on screen; the one being read
+    files::FileList list_;
+    files::FileSort sort_ = files::FileSort::Name;
+    ListModel rows_{kRows};
+    bool wantList_ = false, loaded_ = false, cardPresent_ = false;
+    std::string selectAfter_;  // after the next listing: the name to select, or else the row
+    int selectIndex_ = 0;
+
+    Wait wait_ = Wait::None;
+    uint32_t waitSinceMs_ = 0, lastDrawMs_ = 0;
+    Item clip_, target_;  // the clipboard; what a dialog, the editor or the details are about
+    bool cut_ = false;
+    Ask ask_ = Ask::None;
+    std::unique_ptr<DialogModel> dialog_;
+    std::string question_;
+    LineEditor editor_{60};
+    bool renaming_ = false;  // Name view: renaming target_, or else a new folder
+    bool pasting_ = false;   // the operation running came from v: it may ask to replace
+    std::vector<std::string> details_;
+    int detailsTop_ = 0;
+    std::string message_;
+    uint32_t messageMs_ = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace roro
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+#include "system_app.h"
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <SD.h>
+#include <esp_heap_caps.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#include "cleanup_plan.h"
+#include "platform/system_info.h"
+#include "sd_fault.h"
+#include "services/gemini_service.h"
+#include "ui/canvas.h"
+#include "ui/fonts.h"
+#include "ui/theme.h"
+#include "ui/widgets.h"
+
+namespace roro {
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr size_t kUsers = static_cast<size_t>(net::User::Count);
+
+// Collects what the console's `info` prints, so the System view can't drift from it (Q125).
+class Lines : public Print {
+   public:
+    size_t write(uint8_t ch) override {
+        if (ch == '\n') {
+            lines.push_back(current_);
+            current_.clear();
+        } else if (ch != '\r') {
+            current_ += static_cast<char>(ch);
+        }
+        return 1;
+    }
+    std::vector<std::string> lines;
+
+   private:
+    std::string current_;
+};
+
+std::string duration(uint32_t seconds) {
+    char s[24];
+    if (seconds < 3600) std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%lu min %02lu s", (unsigned long)(seconds / 60), (unsigned long)(seconds % 60));
+    else std::snprintf(s, sizeof s, "%lu h %02lu min", (unsigned long)(seconds / 3600), (unsigned long)(seconds / 60 % 60));
+    return s;
+}
+
+// A filled bar for a percentage; the warning colour from 90 %.
+void bar(Canvas& c, int x, int y, int w, int percent) {
+    c.drawRect(x, y, w, 9, theme::kMuted);
+    int filled = std::clamp(percent, 0, 100) * (w - 2) / 100;
+    if (filled > 0) c.fillRect(x + 1, y + 1, filled, 7, percent >= 90 ? theme::kWarning : theme::kAccent);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void SystemApp::onEnter() {
+    view_ = View::Overview;
+    beforeTotal_ = system_info::sampleTasks(before_);
+    sampledMs_ = millis();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kUsers; i++) traffic_[i] = net::traffic(static_cast<net::User>(i));
+    requestRedraw();
+}
+
+void SystemApp::onExit() {  // nothing is kept while it's closed (Q120)
+    std::vector<TaskSample>().swap(before_);
+    std::vector<TaskRow>().swap(rows_);
+    std::vector<std::string>().swap(systemLines_);
+    for (auto& h : loadHistory_) h.clear();
+    heapHistory_.clear();
+    load_[0] = load_[1] = -1;
+}
+
+bool SystemApp::onKey(const KeyEvent& e) {
+    if (e.key == Key::Tab) {
+        int n = static_cast<int>(View::Count), v = static_cast<int>(view_);
+        view_ = static_cast<View>(e.shift ? (v + n - 1) % n : (v + 1) % n);
+        taskTop_ = systemTop_ = 0;
+        requestRedraw();
+        return true;
+    }
+    int step = e.key == Key::Up ? -1 : e.key == Key::Down ? 1 : 0;
+    if (step && view_ == View::Tasks) {
+        taskTop_ = std::clamp(taskTop_ + step, 0, std::max(0, static_cast<int>(rows_.size()) - kTaskRows));
+        requestRedraw();
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (step && view_ == View::System) {
+        systemTop_ = std::clamp(systemTop_ + step, 0, std::max(0, wrappedLines_ - 8));
+        requestRedraw();
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (view_ == View::Tasks && e.key == Key::Char && (e.ch == 's' || e.ch == 'S')) {  // Q122
+        sort_ = static_cast<TaskSort>((static_cast<int>(sort_) + 1) % 3);
+        sortTasks(rows_, sort_);
+        taskTop_ = 0;
+        requestRedraw();
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;  // Back leaves the App
+}
+
+void SystemApp::update(uint32_t nowMs) {
+    if (nowMs - sampledMs_ >= 1000) sample(nowMs);
+}
+
+// Once a second (Q119): the tasks' shares over that second, the cores' load, the heap, the traffic.
+void SystemApp::sample(uint32_t nowMs) {
+    uint32_t elapsedMs = nowMs - sampledMs_;
+    sampledMs_ = nowMs;
+
+    std::vector<TaskSample> now;
+    uint32_t total = system_info::sampleTasks(now);
+    rows_ = taskRows(before_, beforeTotal_, now, total);
+    sortTasks(rows_, sort_);
+    before_.swap(now);
+    beforeTotal_ = total;
+    for (int core = 0; core < 2; core++) {
+        load_[core] = coreLoad(rows_, core);
+        loadHistory_[core].push(static_cast<uint8_t>(std::max(0, load_[core])));
+    }
+    heapHistory_.push(static_cast<uint16_t>(ESP.getFreeHeap() / 1024));
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kUsers; i++) {
+        net::Traffic t = net::traffic(static_cast<net::User>(i));
+        rateIn_[i] = net::bytesPerSecond(traffic_[i].in, t.in, elapsedMs);
+        rateOut_[i] = net::bytesPerSecond(traffic_[i].out, t.out, elapsedMs);
+        traffic_[i] = t;
+    }
+
+    if (view_ == View::System) {  // the slow things: only while they're on screen
+        Lines out;
+        system_info::printSystem(out);
+        const BatteryEstimator& b = battery_.estimator();
+        if (b.hasReading()) out.printf("battery: %d %%, %d.%02d V\n", b.percent(), b.millivolts() / 1000, b.millivolts() % 1000 / 10);
+        StorageState card = storage_.state();
+        if (card.present)
+            out.printf("sd: %s of %s used, %u write faults\n", formatBytes(card.usedBytes).c_str(), formatBytes(card.totalBytes).c_str(),
+                       (unsigned)sdLastFault().count);
+        else out.println("sd: no card");
+        out.printf("radio: %s\n", !radio_.present() ? "none" : radio_.sweeping() ? "sweeping" : radio_.listening() ? "listening" : "asleep");
+        const auto& g = gnss_.state();
+        out.printf("gnss: %s, %d satellites used\n", !gnss_.on() ? "off" : gnss_.receiving(nowMs) ? "receiving" : "silent", g.satellitesUsed);
+        system_info::printSlots(out, store_);
+        systemLines_.swap(out.lines);
+    }
+    requestRedraw();
+}
+
+void SystemApp::footer(Canvas& c, const char* keys) {
+    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+    c.drawString(keys, 4, area.y + area.h - 9);
+}
+
+void SystemApp::draw(Canvas& c) {
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+    switch (view_) {
+        case View::Overview: drawOverview(c); break;
+        case View::Tasks: drawTasks(c); break;
+        case View::Memory: drawMemory(c); break;
+        case View::Network: drawNetwork(c); break;
+        case View::System: drawSystem(c); break;
+        default: break;
+    }
+}
+
+void SystemApp::drawOverview(Canvas& c) {
+    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
+    char line[72];
+    c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+    int y = area.y + 2;
+    for (int core = 0; core < 2; core++) {
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+        std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "Core %d", core);
+        c.drawString(line, 4, y);
+        bar(c, 52, y + 2, 130, load_[core]);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kText);
+        if (load_[core] >= 0) std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%d%%", load_[core]);
+        else std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "...");
+        c.drawString(line, 190, y);
+        y += theme::kLineHeight;
+    }
+    auto row = [&](const char* label, const std::string& value) {
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+        c.drawString(label, 4, y);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kText);
+        c.drawString(value.c_str(), 62, y);
+        y += theme::kLineHeight;
+    };
+    std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%u KB free, lowest %u", (unsigned)(ESP.getFreeHeap() / 1024), (unsigned)(ESP.getMinFreeHeap() / 1024));
+    row("Memory", line);
+    uint32_t in = 0, out = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kUsers; i++) in += rateIn_[i], out += rateOut_[i];
+    if (wifi_.state() == WifiController::State::Connected)
+        std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%s/s in, %s/s out", net::formatTraffic(in).c_str(), net::formatTraffic(out).c_str());
+    else std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "not connected");
+    row("Network", line);
+    const BatteryEstimator& b = battery_.estimator();
+    if (b.hasReading()) std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%d%%, %d.%02d V", b.percent(), b.millivolts() / 1000, b.millivolts() % 1000 / 10);
+    else std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "...");
+    row("Battery", line);
+    std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%s, %.0f C", duration(millis() / 1000).c_str(), temperatureRead());
+    row("Uptime", line);
+
+    // Both cores over the last two minutes: core 0 in the accent colour, core 1 in green.
+    int gx = 4, gy = y + 3, gw = static_cast<int>(kHistory) * 2 - 8, gh = area.y + area.h - 12 - gy;
+    if (gh > 8) {
+        c.drawRect(gx, gy, gw + 2, gh + 2, theme::kMuted);
+        for (int core = 0; core < 2; core++) {
+            const auto& h = loadHistory_[core];
+            for (size_t i = 1; i < h.size(); i++) {
+                int x0 = gx + 1 + static_cast<int>((i - 1) * gw / kHistory), x1 = gx + 1 + static_cast<int>(i * gw / kHistory);
+                c.drawLine(x0, gy + gh - h.at(i - 1) * gh / 100, x1, gy + gh - h.at(i) * gh / 100, core ? theme::kMessage : theme::kAccent);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    footer(c, "Tab: tasks, memory, network, system");
+}
+
+void SystemApp::drawTasks(Canvas& c) {
+    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+    c.drawString("task", 4, area.y + 2);
+    c.setTextDatum(top_right);
+    c.drawString("core", 128, area.y + 2);
+    c.drawString("cpu", 176, area.y + 2);
+    c.drawString("stack left", area.w - 4, area.y + 2);
+    c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+    char cell[16];
+    for (int i = 0; i < kTaskRows && taskTop_ + i < static_cast<int>(rows_.size()); i++) {
+        const TaskRow& r = rows_[taskTop_ + i];
+        int y = area.y + 12 + i * theme::kLineHeight;
+        c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+        c.setTextColor(r.idle ? theme::kMuted : theme::kText);
+        c.drawString(r.name.c_str(), 4, y);
+        c.setTextDatum(top_right);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+        c.drawString(r.core < 0 ? "any" : std::to_string(r.core).c_str(), 128, y);
+        c.setTextColor(r.idle ? theme::kMuted : theme::kText);
+        std::snprintf(cell, sizeof cell, "%u.%u%%", r.permille / 10, r.permille % 10);
+        c.drawString(cell, 176, y);
+        c.setTextColor(r.lowStack ? theme::kWarning : theme::kMuted);  // Q122: under 512 bytes
+        c.drawString(std::to_string(r.stackFree).c_str(), area.w - 4, y);
+    }
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+    std::string keys = std::string("s: by ") + (sort_ == TaskSort::Share ? "stack" : sort_ == TaskSort::Stack ? "name" : "cpu") +
+                       "   " + std::to_string(rows_.size()) + " tasks   Tab: memory";
+    footer(c, keys.c_str());
+}
+
+void SystemApp::drawMemory(Canvas& c) {
+    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
+    char line[72];
+    c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+    c.setTextColor(theme::kText);
+    std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%.1f KB free, lowest %.1f", ESP.getFreeHeap() / 1024.0, ESP.getMinFreeHeap() / 1024.0);
+    c.drawString(line, 4, area.y + 2);
+    c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+    std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "largest free block %.1f KB", heap_caps_get_largest_free_block(MALLOC_CAP_8BIT) / 1024.0);
+    c.drawString(line, 4, area.y + 2 + theme::kLineHeight);
+
+    // Free heap over two minutes, with the floors of Q86 as lines.
+    int gx = 26, gy = area.y + 32, gw = area.w - gx - 6, gh = area.y + area.h - 12 - gy;
+    uint16_t top = 128;  // KB at the top of the scale: more if the heap has been higher
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < heapHistory_.size(); i++) top = std::max<uint16_t>(top, heapHistory_.at(i) + 8);
+    auto yOf = [&](int kb) { return gy + gh - std::clamp(kb, 0, static_cast<int>(top)) * gh / top; };
+    c.drawRect(gx, gy, gw, gh + 1, theme::kMuted);
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    struct {
+        size_t bytes;
+        uint16_t color;
+    } floors[] = {{GeminiService::kStartFloor, theme::kMuted}, {GeminiService::kSteadyFloor, theme::kWarning}, {GeminiService::kTransientFloor, theme::kMessage}};
+    for (auto& f : floors) {
+        int kb = static_cast<int>(f.bytes / 1024), y = yOf(kb);
+        for (int x = gx + 1; x < gx + gw - 1; x += 4) c.drawPixel(x, y, f.color);
+        c.setTextColor(f.color);
+        c.setTextDatum(top_right);
+        c.drawString(std::to_string(kb).c_str(), gx - 3, y - 3);
+    }
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < heapHistory_.size(); i++) {
+        int x0 = gx + 1 + static_cast<int>((i - 1) * (gw - 2) / kHistory), x1 = gx + 1 + static_cast<int>(i * (gw - 2) / kHistory);
+        c.drawLine(x0, yOf(heapHistory_.at(i - 1)), x1, yOf(heapHistory_.at(i)), theme::kAccent);
+    }
+    footer(c, "KB free, 2 min, with the floors   Tab: network");
+}
+
+void SystemApp::drawNetwork(Canvas& c) {
+    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
+    char line[72];
+    c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+    WifiService::Connection n = wifi_.connection();
+    c.setTextColor(n.connected ? theme::kText : theme::kWarning);
+    if (n.connected) std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%s, %d dBm", wifi_.ssid().c_str(), wifi_.rssi());
+    else std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "Wi-Fi isn't connected");
+    c.drawString(line, 4, area.y + 2);
+    if (n.connected) {
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+        std::snprintf(line, sizeof line, "%s/%d %s, gw %s", n.address.c_str(), n.prefix, n.fixed ? "fixed" : "DHCP",
+                      n.gateway.empty() ? "none" : n.gateway.c_str());
+        c.drawString(line, 4, area.y + 2 + theme::kLineHeight);
+    }
+    // Per service (Q121): totals since boot, and the last second.
+    int y = area.y + 32;
+    c.setFont(&fonts::small);
+    c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+    c.drawString("service", 4, y);
+    c.setTextDatum(top_right);
+    c.drawString("in", 124, y);
+    c.drawString("out", 168, y);
+    c.drawString("now, /s", area.w - 4, y);
+    c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+    y += 10;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < kUsers; i++) {
+        bool active = rateIn_[i] || rateOut_[i];
+        c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+        c.setTextColor(active ? theme::kMessage : theme::kText);
+        c.drawString(net::userName(static_cast<net::User>(i)), 4, y);
+        c.setTextDatum(top_right);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kText);
+        c.drawString(net::formatTraffic(traffic_[i].in).c_str(), 124, y);
+        c.drawString(net::formatTraffic(traffic_[i].out).c_str(), 168, y);
+        c.setTextColor(active ? theme::kMessage : theme::kMuted);
+        c.drawString(active ? net::formatTraffic(rateIn_[i] + rateOut_[i]).c_str() : "-", area.w - 4, y);
+        y += theme::kLineHeight;
+    }
+    c.setTextDatum(top_left);
+    footer(c, "bytes since boot   Tab: system");
+}
+
+void SystemApp::drawSystem(Canvas& c) {
+    const auto& area = theme::kContent;
+    if (systemLines_.empty()) {
+        c.setFont(&fonts::body);
+        c.setTextColor(theme::kMuted);
+        c.drawString("Reading...", 4, area.y + 4);
+        return;
+    }
+    // The console's lines are longer than the screen: wrap them, continuation lines indented.
+    std::vector<std::string> wrapped;
+    auto measure = widgets::bodyMeasure(c);
+    for (const std::string& line : systemLines_) {
+        bool first = true;
+        for (const std::string& part : wrapText(line, area.w - 14, measure)) {
+            wrapped.push_back(first ? part : "  " + part);
+            first = false;
+        }
+    }
+    wrappedLines_ = static_cast<int>(wrapped.size());
+    systemTop_ = std::clamp(systemTop_, 0, std::max(0, wrappedLines_ - 8));
+    widgets::textLines(c, wrapped, systemTop_, {area.x + 2, area.y + 2, area.w - 2, area.h - 12});
+    footer(c, "Tab: overview");
+}
+
+}  // namespace roro
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More